Brown v. Five Points Parking Center

175 S.E.2d 901, 121 Ga. App. 819, 1970 Ga. App. LEXIS 1372
CourtCourt of Appeals of Georgia
DecidedMay 27, 1970
Docket44945
StatusPublished
Cited by37 cases

This text of 175 S.E.2d 901 (Brown v. Five Points Parking Center) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Georgia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Brown v. Five Points Parking Center, 175 S.E.2d 901, 121 Ga. App. 819, 1970 Ga. App. LEXIS 1372 (Ga. Ct. App. 1970).

Opinions

Eberhakdt, Judge.

As a general rule the relationship of bailment is created when one parks his automobile with a garage or parking lot. Code § 12-403; Bunn v. Broadway Parking Center, 116 Ga. App. 85 (156 SE2d 464); AAA Parking v. Black, 110 Ga. App. 554 (139 SE2d 437); Nelliger v. Atlanta Baggage &c. Co., 109 Ga. App. 863 (137 SE2d 566). But the parties may, by agreement, create a different relationship, and it [821]*821is our view that when plaintiff accepted the parking tickets, parked his car pursuant thereto, and signed the tickets for delivery back to the garage as evidence of the contract under which the car had been parked when he removed it from the garage, he was bound by the terms. He thus recognized that there was no bailment relationship and that he specifically assumed the risk of loss by theft. Cf. Holly v. Southern R. Co., 119 Ga. 767 (47 SE 188); Central of Ga. R. Co. v. Glascock, 117 Ga. 938 (43 SE 981); Cooper v. Raleigh & G. R. Co., 110 Ga. 659 (4) (36 SE 240).

Although Code § 12-403 would, absent a contract or arrangement to the contrary, raise the relationship of bailor and bailee, the parties are not prohibited from creating a different one. As an illustration, joint tenancy is abolished in this State by the provisions of Code § 85-1002, but, as the Supreme Court and this court have held, it is not prohibited and the parties may, by special contract create a relationship of joint tenancy in property. Equitable Loan &c. Co. v. Waring, 117 Ga. 599, (9) (44 SE 320, 62 LRA 93, 97 ASR 177); Wilson v. Brown, 221 Ga. 273 (2) (144 SE2d 332); Sams v. McDonald, 117 Ga. App. 336 (160 SE2d 594).

It is a general rule of contract law that unless prohibited by statute or public policy the parties are free to contract on any terms and about any subject matter in which they have an interest, and any impairment of that right must be specifically expressed or necessarily implied by the legislature in a statutory prohibition and not left to speculation. Harris v. Runnels, 12 How. (53 U. S.) 79 (13 LE 901); Toole v. Wiregrass Development Co., 142 Ga. 57 (82 SE 514); Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. Durden, 9 Ga. App. 797 (72 SE 295); Restatement, Contracts §-580. “A contract can not be said to be contrary to public policy unless the General Assembly has declared it to be so, or unless the consideration of the contract is contrary to good morals and contrary to law, or unless the contract is entered into for the purpose of effecting an illegal or immoral agreement or doing something which is in violation of law.” Camp v. Aetna Ins. Co., 170 Ga. 46, 50 (152 SE 41, 68 ALR 1166). A contract of license or for the simple rental of space in a garage or parking [822]*822lot is not one forbidden by law, nor is there any inhibition against the specific assumption of loss resulting from fire or theft. Code § 12-403 does not purport to pre-empt the type of arrangement which the parties may agree upon; its effect is simply to' provide what the relationship will be when there has been no contract otherwise. It prescribes no penalty for contracting otherwise. See Southern Flour & Grain Co. v. Smith, 31 Ga. App. 52 (120 SE 36).

Appellee urges that since plaintiff parked his own car, locked it and took the key with him a bailment could not have arisen, citing Atlantic C. L. R. Co. v. Baker, 118 Ga. 809 (1) (45 SE 673) where it was held that “In order to create a bailment the bailee must have an independent and exclusive possession of the property,” a principle which we recognized in Southeastern Fair Assn. v. Ford, 64 Ga. App. 871 (14 SE2d 139) and Hartley v. Robinson, 78 Ga. App. 594 (51 SE2d 617). It is settled that, absent a contract creating some different relationship, there is a bailment when the owner of an ■ automobile leaves the key with the operator of the garage or parking lot, or is required to do so—for without question that does give the operator an independent and exclusive possession. See Elliott v. Levy, 77 Ga. App. 562 (49 SE2d 179); AAA Parking, Inc. v. Black, 110 Ga. App. 554, supra, and Parker Motor Co. v. Spiegal, 33 Ga. App. 795 (127 SE 797).

We have recently held that when the customer of a bank rents a safety deposit box and places money or securities therein the relationship of bailor and bailee arises between him and the bank. Buena Vista Loan &c. Co. v. Bickerstaff, 121 Ga. App. 470 (174 SE2d 219). Whether our holding in that case may conflict with that of the Supreme Court in the Baker case and in Tow v. Evans, 194 Ga. 160, 163 (20 SE2d 922) need not be considered here, since we conclude that the specific terms of the contract raised a different relationship between the parties, and the matter of independent and exclusive possession of the automobile is not a matter necessary to the reaching of our conclusion.

That plaintiff did not read the terms of his contract as printed on the parking tickets cannot excuse him. It appears that he is engaged in the practice of law, and we must assume [823]*823that he is fully capable of reading and understanding them. He had been parking at the facility for several weeks, receiving a similar ticket each time. It is the duty of one who contracts to read and inform himself of the contract’s terms. Truitt-Silvey Hat Co. v. Callaway, 130 Ga. 637 (2) (61 SE 481); Lewis v. Foy, 189 Ga. 696 (6 SE2d 788). He cannot be excused from so doing because he may have been “in a hurry.” W. P. Brown & Sons Lbr. Co. v. Echols, 200 Ga. 284, 287 (36 SE2d 762), or because he was “too busy.” Stoddard Mfg. Co. v. Adams, 122 Ga. 802 (50 SE 915). Thus, he is charged with knowledge of the terms which by his conduct he accepted and became bound.

If the complaint can be construed as asserting a claim for fraud and deceit by reason of the sign at the entrance indicating that the facility was an “insured garage,” the proof wholly fails. The language of the sign is too vague and uncertain to form the basis for any enforceable contract. Wells v. H. W. Lay & Co., 78 Ga. App. 364 (2) (50 SE2d 755). It does not represent that the garage carries liability insurance or theft insurance protecting customers whose cars are parked therein, nor are any terms of insurance carried on the sign. We cannot know, nor is there any proof, as to the type or kind of insurance referred to, or the terms, conditions or amount thereof. Consequently, the elements necessary for the showing of fraud and deceit do not appear. Daugert v. Holland Furnace Co., 107 Ga. App. 566, 569 (130 SE2d 763). “The requirement of certainty extends not only to the subject matter and purpose of the contract, but also to the parties, consideration, and even the time and place of performance, where these are essential. Its terms must be such that neither party can reasonably misunderstand them. It would be inequitable to carry a contract into effect where the court is left to ascertain the intention of the parties by mere guess or conjecture, because it might be guilty of erroneously decreeing what the parties never intended or contemplated.” Williams v. Manchester Building Supply Co., 213 Ga. 99, 101 (97 SE2d 129). And see Parks v. Harper, 43 Ga. App. 269 (158 SE 454); Ga. Box & Mfg. Co. v. Southern Bottlers’ Service Co., 25 Ga. App. 360 (103 SE 188). Insurance is a matter of contract, which must be in writing. Code Ann. § 56-2402;

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Bluebook (online)
175 S.E.2d 901, 121 Ga. App. 819, 1970 Ga. App. LEXIS 1372, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/brown-v-five-points-parking-center-gactapp-1970.