Brown & Root, Inc. v. Hempstead County Sand & Gravel, Inc.

767 F.2d 464
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit
DecidedJuly 10, 1985
DocketNo. 84-2153
StatusPublished
Cited by10 cases

This text of 767 F.2d 464 (Brown & Root, Inc. v. Hempstead County Sand & Gravel, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Brown & Root, Inc. v. Hempstead County Sand & Gravel, Inc., 767 F.2d 464 (8th Cir. 1985).

Opinion

BRIGHT, Senior Circuit Judge.

Brown & Root, Inc. instituted this inter-pleader action in United States District Court to determine the relative priority of the United States and Pike County Bank of Murfreesboro, Arkansas (the Bank) to an interpleaded fund comprising the damages Brown & Root agreed to pay to Hempstead County Sand & Gravel, Inc. (Hempstead) in settlement of a breach of contract action Hempstead had brought against Brown & Root. The Bank asserted a claim to the fund by way of a written, but unfiled and unrecorded, assignment of Hempstead’s cause of action against Brown & Root granted to it by Hempstead as collateral for a loan. The United States asserted a claim to the fund by way of several federal tax liens it holds against Hempstead for unpaid taxes. The district court,1 588 F.Supp. 1266, determined that, under Arkansas law, the Bank was entitled to priority. The United States brings this appeal. We affirm.

I. BACKGROUND.

On May 2, 1980, Hempstead commenced an action in state court against Brown & Root seeking money damages for an alleged breach of contract. Brown & Root removed the action to the United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas and commenced discovery. Meanwhile, in October 1980, Hempstead entered into negotiations with the Bank to obtain a loan. The parties executed a loan agreement on October 29, 1980, by which Hempstead received $100,000 from the Bank. As partial collateral for the loan, Hempstead assigned its rights in its cause of action against Brown & Root to the Bank. This assignment did not contain an acknowledgement made in the form required under Arkansas law for the acknowledgement of deeds. Ark.Stat.Ann. § 49-208 (1971). Moreover, the Bank did not file, during the pendency of the breach of contract action, a properly acknowledged [466]*466written transfer covering the assignment of rights to the cause of action with the clerk of court of either the Hempstead County Circuit Court or the United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas, as required by section 29-123 of the Arkansas Code which governs sales or transfers of judgments or causes of action,2 nor did it file a financing statement asserting its interest in the action with the Arkansas Secretary of State or the Circuit Court of Hempstead County pursuant to the relevant provision of the U.C.C. as adopted in Arkansas. Ark.Stat.Ann. § 85-9-302 (1983 Cum.Supp.).

Between January 28, 1981 and August 21,1981, the Internal Revenue Service filed several notices of federal tax liens against Hempstead for unpaid FICA and corporate income taxes. These tax liens totalled $98,-597.33.

In early 1982, Hempstead reached a settlement with Brown & Root over the breach of contract suit pending in federal district court. Brown & Root immediately3 instituted this interpleader action in the Eastern District of Arkansas and paid the $45,000 settlement proceeds into the registry of the court. The court has approved payment of $15,825.83 for attorneys’ fees and costs. The balance of this sum, about $29,000, is the subject of the parties’ respective claims in this action. Because the claims of both the Bank and the Government are well in excess of the remaining balance,4 the ultimate question is which party has priority to the fund.

The Government’s tax liens against Hempstead attached to Hempstead’s cause of action against Brown & Root under section 6321 of the Internal Revenue Code, which provides that a lien attaches to “all property and rights to property, whether real or personal” which belong to a taxpayer.5 However, 26 U.S.C. § 6323(a), which governs priority and validity of section 6321 tax liens, further provides that a section 6321 lien held by the Government is not valid against certain specified parties, [467]*467including the holder of a security interest, until notice has been filed with the Secretary.6

Section 6323(h) defines the terms used in that section. Section 6323(h)(1) defines the term “security interest” as

any interest in property acquired by contract for the purpose of securing payment or performance of an obligation or indemnifying against loss or liability. A security interest exists at any time (A) if, at such time, the property is in existence and the interest has become protected under local law against a subsequent judgment lien arising out of an unsecured obligation, and (B) to the extent that, at such time, the holder has parted with money or money’s worth.

Thus, the issue before the district court was whether the Bank’s interest in Hemp-stead’s cause of action was “protected under local law against subsequent judgment lien arising out of an unsecured obligation.”

The Bank argued to the district court that, under Ark.Stat.Ann. § 29-123, it held a security interest, as that term is defined in 26 U.S.C. § 6323(h)(1), in the cause of action that arose prior to the dates at which the IRS filed notices of federal tax liens. The Government argued that the U.C.C. as adopted in Arkansas (Title 85 of the Arkansas Statutes), not section 29-123, controlled this case. Because the Bank concededly did not comply with the relevant provision of the U.C.C. which requires the filing of a financing statement to perfect a security interest, Ark.Stat.Ann. § 85-9-302 (1983 Cum.Supp.), the Government asserted that the Bank’s unperfected security interest was subordinate to the rights of a subsequent judgment lienor, see Ark.Stat.Ann. § 85-9-301(l)(b) (1983 Cum. Supp.), and therefore subordinate to the tax liens.

The district court determined that section 29-123 controlled the assignment of Hemp-stead’s cause of action in this case, rather than the provisions of the U.C.C. The court then concluded that the Bank’s failure to acknowledge and record the assignment as required by section 29-123 did not affect the priority in this case, relying on McKim v. Highway Iron Products Co., 181 Ark. 1121, 29 S.W.2d 682 (1930), in which the Arkansas Supreme Court had interpreted section 29-123 and held that an assignment of a cause of action is valid between the parties to the assignment and against any subsequent transferee who did not pay value, notwithstanding the original assignee’s failure to comply with the acknowledgement and filing provisions of section 29-123. The McKim court concluded that failure to file would only subordinate the assignee’s claim to the claim of a subsequent bona fide purchaser for value. Because the United States did not assert a claim as a subsequent purchaser for value, but was merely a “nonreliance” creditor, the court concluded that the Government could obtain only the rights held by Hemp-stead, the original debtor. Consequently, the court held that under section 29-123, the Bank had a security interest in the cause of action that was protected under Arkansas law as against a subsequently acquired judgment lien arising out of an unsecured obligation and therefore was entitled to priority against the United States pursuant to section 6323(a) and (h)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code.

II. DISCUSSION.

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767 F.2d 464, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/brown-root-inc-v-hempstead-county-sand-gravel-inc-ca8-1985.