Brauweiler v. National Jewish

CourtColorado Court of Appeals
DecidedDecember 18, 2025
Docket25CA0167
StatusUnpublished

This text of Brauweiler v. National Jewish (Brauweiler v. National Jewish) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Colorado Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Brauweiler v. National Jewish, (Colo. Ct. App. 2025).

Opinion

25CA0167 Brauweiler v National Jewish 12-18-2025

COLORADO COURT OF APPEALS

Court of Appeals No. 25CA0167 City and County of Denver District Court No. 23CV31536 Honorable Andrew J. Luxen, Judge

Dr. Anne Brauweiler,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

National Jewish Health,

Defendant-Appellee.

JUDGMENT AFFIRMED

Division V Opinion by JUDGE PAWAR Freyre, J., concurs Yun, J., specially concurs

NOT PUBLISHED PURSUANT TO C.A.R. 35(e) Announced December 18, 2025

Miller & Law, P.C., David J. Meretta, Littleton, Colorado, for Plaintiff-Appellant

Littler Mendelson, P.C., Grace L. McGuire, Denver, Colorado, for Defendant- Appellee ¶1 Plaintiff, Dr. Anne Brauweiler, appeals the district court’s

grant of summary judgment to defendant, National Jewish Health

(NJH). We affirm.

I. Background

¶2 NJH hired Brauweiler to work as a researcher. In November

2021, two months after she started, NJH placed her on unpaid

suspension. Brauweiler was ultimately fired several months later in

February 2022.

¶3 Brauweiler then filed this action against NJH and her

supervisor, but the only claims at issue in this appeal are those

against NJH. Brauweiler alleged that NJH breached her

employment contract by firing her and that NJH violated various

provisions of the Colorado Wage Claim Act, § 8-4-101 to -127,

C.R.S. 2025.

¶4 NJH moved for summary judgment on these claims and the

district court granted the motion. The court held that NJH did not

breach the employment contract because Brauweiler was an at-will

employee whom NJH could fire at any time without cause. The

court further held that the Wage Claim Act claims failed based on

the undisputed facts.

1 ¶5 Brauweiler challenges these rulings on appeal. We address

each argument in turn and affirm.

II. Summary Judgment Standard

¶6 We review an order granting summary judgment de novo.

Univ. of Denv. v. Doe, 2024 CO 27, ¶ 7. Summary judgment is

appropriate when there are no genuine issues of material fact and

the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Id. We

give the party opposing summary judgment the benefit of all

favorable and reasonable inferences from the facts. Id. at ¶ 8. And

we resolve all doubts in favor of the party opposing summary

judgment. Id.

III. Breach of Contract

¶7 As relevant here, Brauweiler’s breach of contract claim alleged

that her contract provided for a three-year term and that NJH

breached the contract by firing her before that term expired. The

district court granted summary judgment on this claim because it

determined that Brauweiler’s employment was at will, meaning NJH

could fire her at any time.

¶8 Reviewing this ruling requires us to interpret the contract.

Our primary goal when interpreting a contract is to ascertain and

2 give effect to the parties’ intent. Gagne v. Gagne, 2014 COA 127,

¶ 51. We start with the “language of the instrument itself.” Id. If

the written instrument is “complete and free from ambiguity, we will

conclude that it expresses the intentions of the parties and enforce

it according to its plain language.” Id. Absent ambiguity in the

written instrument itself, “we will not look beyond the four corners

of the agreement to determine the meaning intended by the parties.”

Ad Two, Inc. v. City & County of Denver, 9 P.3d 373, 376-77 (Colo.

2000).1

¶9 In conducting this review, we are also bound by the party

presentation principle. In both criminal and civil cases, regardless

of what arguments an appellant might have advanced below and

therefore preserved for appellate review, we will address only those

arguments the appellant properly raises on appeal. See Compos v.

People, 2021 CO 19, ¶ 35 (citing Greenlaw v. United States, 554

U.S. 237, 243-44 (2008)). The parties, not us, “are responsible for

1 The principle that we will not look beyond the four corners of a

complete and unambiguous agreement is sometimes referred to as the parol evidence rule. But it is not a rule of evidence. Instead, it is a substantive principle of contract interpretation, much like the canons of statutory interpretation. See Glover v. Innis, 252 P.3d 1204, 1208 (Colo. App. 2011).

3 advancing the facts and arguments entitling them to relief.”

Greenlaw, 554 U.S. at 244 (quoting Castro v. United States, 540

U.S. 375, 386 (2003) (Scalia, J., concurring in part and concurring

in the judgment)). Consequently, we do not address arguments

presented without citation to authority or substantial argument.

See Vickery v. Evelyn V. Trumble Living Tr., 277 P.3d 864, 870 (Colo.

App. 2011). And we do not consider arguments beyond those

properly presented by the appellant. See Compos, ¶ 35.

¶ 10 Neither party disputes that there is a single written

instrument that both Brauweiler and NJH signed: the offer letter. It

contained many specific terms of her employment, including her

title, compensation, job responsibilities, supervisors, and leave,

among other things. It also said, “This contract is automatically

renewed on July 1 of each year unless it is terminated in writing.”

¶ 11 The district court determined that this written instrument

unambiguously created an at-will employment relationship, thereby

obviating any need to look elsewhere to ascertain the parties’ intent.

(“[A]s a matter of law, the [c]ourt concludes that, pursuant to the

terms of the [offer] [l]etter, [Brauweiler]’s employment was at-will,

and [NJH] possessed discretion to terminate her employment.”) We

4 agree with the district court. The unambiguous practical effect of

the offer letter’s language was that Brauweiler’s term of employment

was indefinite and that either she or NJH could terminate her

employment in writing at any time for any or no reason. This fits

the definition of at-will employment. See Cont’l Air Lines, Inc. v.

Keenan, 731 P.2d 708, 711 (Colo. 1987) (explaining that an at-will

employee is one who is hired for an indefinite period of time and

whose employment can be terminated by either party without cause

and without notice).

¶ 12 Nevertheless, Brauweiler argues that the district court erred

by failing to consider materials beyond the offer letter, including

NJH’s “Faculty Appointment, Promotion, and Periodic Evaluation

Policy” (FAPPE) and various communications and conduct by NJH

staff. Again, the offer letter was the only document that both she

and NJH signed. And the offer letter neither includes nor refers to

the FAPPE or any other evidence Brauweiler urges us to rely on.

Under the well-established contract law principles discussed above,

we might have expected Brauweiler to argue that we can look

beyond the offer letter because it either does not express the full

5 and complete intent of the parties or because it is somehow

ambiguous. But she argues neither of these points.

¶ 13 Instead of arguing that the offer letter is ambiguous in and of

itself, she argues that there is ambiguity when the offer letter and

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