Boniecke v. McGraw-Edison Co.

381 A.2d 1301, 252 Pa. Super. 467, 1977 Pa. Super. LEXIS 2887

• Court: Superior Court of Pennsylvania
• Decided: December 28, 1977
• Docket: 871
• Status: Published

Opinions

CERCONE, Judge:

This is an appeal from an interlocutory order of the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County, Civil Division, dismissing defendant-appellants’ motion for summary judgment. Appellants claim a right to appeal to this Court, although from an interlocutory order, under the Appellate Court Jurisdiction Act of 1970, Act of July 31,1970, P.L. 673, Art. V, § 501, 17 P.S. § 211.501 (Supp.1976), and the Act of March 5, 1925, P.L. 23, § 1, 12 P.S. § 672, since it raises a question concerning the jurisdiction of the lower court. We disagree with appellants’ jurisdictional claim and will affirm.

The basis of the action below was a complaint in trespass filed by plaintiff-appellee, Chester Boniecke, alleging he had become totally disabled from pulmonary fibrosis, emphysema and bronchitis resulting from appellants’ negligence in failing to provide him a safe place to work. Appellee became disabled on July 18, 1973 after 22 years of employment in appellants’ plant. On February 28, 1974, he filed a claim petition under Section 108 of the Occupational Disease Act, added February 28, 1955, P.L. 1095, § 1, 77 P.S. § 1208(n) (Supp.1976). After hearings on July 23, 1974, October 23, 1974, and February 15, 1975, at which hearings appellants denied the allegations of disability caused by an “occupational disease,” the referee found that Mr. Boniecke did not have an “occupational disease” within the meaning of the act, and dismissed the petition. The board of appeals affirmed the referee’s decision. The board found Mr. Bon-iecke failed to prove he had an occupational disease under Section 108(n) of the Occupational Disease Act. After this determination, Mr. Boniecke brought the instant action at common law.

Appellants in their motion for summary judgment claim the basis of the action is covered by either or both the Workmen’s Compensation Act, Act of June 2,1915, P.L. 736, n. 1, § 101 et seq., as amended and the Occupational Disease Act, Act of June 21, 1939, P.L. 566, No. 284, § 101 et seq., as amended, and that these statutes provide the exclusive remedy for appellee through the Workmen’s Compensation Board.¹ In dismissing the motion for summary judgment, the court below found Mr. Boniecke had been determined not to be covered by the Occupational Disease Act, supra, under which Mr. Boniecke had filed his claim, which was heard in proceedings before the board and was not prohibited from bringing an action at common law.

The exclusive remedy for an “occupational disease” is found within the Occupational Disease Act as provided in Section 303 of the Act. 77 P.S. § 1403 (1952). The Workmen’s Compensation Board, both at the referee and appeals level, held that Mr. Boniecke was not disabled as a result of an “occupational disease” as defined in the Act. Section 108 of the Act enumerates certain diseases which are considered to be “occupational diseases.” The enumeration of these diseases is based on a prior legislative determination that available medical evidence establishes the causal relationship between exposure to the particular hazards of an industry or occupation and contracting particular diseases. Unlike an action at common law where proof of negligence is necessary to fix liability and permit recovery, the Act requires only proof of sufficient exposure to the hazard and proof of disability from the named disease. Cuevas v. Platers & Coaters, Inc., 464 Pa. 35, 346 A.2d 6 (1975).

In order for a disease, not enumerated to be an “occupational disease,” to fall within the provisions of the Act, the claimant must demonstrate that his claim meets all the criteria set out in Section 108(n) of the Act, which provides:

“The term ‘occupational disease,’ as used in this act, shall mean only the following diseases:

(n) All other occupational diseases (1) to which the claimant is exposed by reason of his employment, and (2) which are peculiar to the industry or occupation, and (3) which are not common to the general population.”

Mr. Boniecke’s disease, pulmonary fibrosis, is not one of the enumerated diseases, and it is common to the general population. Nevertheless, pulmonary fibrosis can be found to be within the purview of the Occupational Disease Act if the claimant can satisfy the criteria of Section 108(n) by demonstrating that “its causes and the characteristics of its manifestation” make it “peculiar” to the claimant’s industry or occupation. Williams v. Spaulding Bakeries, 464 Pa. 29, 346 A.2d 3, 5 (1975). See also Dunn v. Merck Co., Inc., 463 Pa. 441, 345 A.2d 601 (1975); Utter v. Asten-Hill Mfg. Co., 453 Pa. 401, 309 A.2d 583 (1973). In the instant case, the appeals board, citing Utter, supra, found that appellee did not demonstrate his pulmonary fibrosis was peculiar to his industry or occupation and affirmed the referee’s finding that appellee did not have an “occupational disease” covered by the Act.

The Act itself makes clear that it is not a bar to a trespass action brought upon a disease not covered by the Act. Perez v. Blumenthal Bros. Choc. Co., 428 Pa. 225, 237 A.2d 227 (1968). In the instant case, as in Perez, the plaintiff has been found not to have an “occupational disease” in a proceeding prior to the filing of the trespass action. The Supreme Court held that Mr. Perez was not barred by the Occupational Disease Act from proceeding with a trespass action in the Court of Common Pleas since, having been found by the Workmen’s Compensation Board not to have an “occupational disease” as defined by the Act, he was not covered by the Act. Since the Act does not bar appellee from bringing an action at common law, the lower court’s order overruling appellant’s jurisdictional objection was correct.

Accordingly, the order of the court below is affirmed.

PRICE, J., files a dissenting opinion in which WATKINS, President Judge, joins.

1 . Although appellants assert that appellee’s original petition was filed under the Workmen’s Compensation Act, the petition stated that the claim was made under the Occupational Disease Act. The Workmen’s Compensation Act now also includes occupational diseases, but the acts remain separate and distinct. It is at the option of the claimant to file his claim under either of them or both in the alternative. The referee has no authority to change a claim under one act to a claim under the other. Only the claimant may make such an amendment. Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board v. Wlodarczyk, 21 Pa.Cmwlth. 495, 347 A.2d 763 (1975). The referee based his decision on the Workmen’s Compensation Act and the appellants’ argument rests on that act. The appeals board based its decision on the Occupational Disease Act, and no amendment of the claim by appellee appears in the record.