Boles v. State

343 S.E.2d 729, 178 Ga. App. 508, 1986 Ga. App. LEXIS 2542
CourtCourt of Appeals of Georgia
DecidedMarch 12, 1986
Docket71314
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 343 S.E.2d 729 (Boles v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Georgia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Boles v. State, 343 S.E.2d 729, 178 Ga. App. 508, 1986 Ga. App. LEXIS 2542 (Ga. Ct. App. 1986).

Opinion

Beasley, Judge.

Boles appeals from the conviction and sentence for the offense of possession of marijuana with intent to distribute (OCGA § 16-13-30) and the overruling of his motion for new trial. Four alleged errors relate to his right to counsel. One relates to evidence which he claims put his character in issue, and one asserts error in the denial of the motion for new trial. The motion was based on the general grounds plus three of the counsel-related grounds but did not claim the fourth, that he was denied effective assistance of counsel, nor did it raise the character issue.

1. As to the character issue, Boles asserts for the first time on appeal that the court erred in admitting into evidence the results of the urinalysis test given by the sheriff’s department, which showed some recent marijuana usage, and by permitting the state to question him concerning his use or nonuse of marijuana and his prior prison record. As a court for the correction of errors of law, we cannot consider for the first time on appeal any issue not raised in the trial court. Mallory v. State, 164 Ga. App. 569, 570 (1) (298 SE2d 290) (1982). Although it may be true that when a defendant is proceeding pro se, less stringent standards apply, Boles had counsel for the motion for new trial in which it could have been raised.

Moreover, the urinalysis established possession of marijuana, and one of the issues in the case was whether defendant knew of the presence of marijuana in the automobile. The same applies to the question concerning his use or nonuse of marijuana asked by the district attorney on cross-examination during defendant’s testimony on his own behalf. The question related to a prior statement which the sheriff testified Boles had made upon arrest, denying that he smoked marijuana and giving defendant an opportunity to account for the marijuana evidenced in his urine sample. The testimony concerning his prior prison record for selling marijuana related to evidence involved in the very crime in question, as his co-defendant had stated that defendant gave him the marijuana to hide in his own clothing so that Boles would not get caught with it because he had just gotten out of [509]*509prison for selling marijuana.

And since the evidence corroborated the testimony of the co-defendant with regard to why he had it when it was defendant’s, it was properly admissible on this score also. Pressley v. State, 162 Ga. App. 457, 458 (1) (291 SE2d 754) (1982). This evidence did not impermissibly put appellant’s character in issue.

In addition, if looked at as separate from the crime charged, it was evidence of crime sufficiently similar or connected to the facts of the crime charged so as to be admissible to prove identity, motive, plan, scheme, bent of mind, or conduct. Boyd v. State, 168 Ga. App. 246, 251 (6) (308 SE2d 626) (1983). Since defendant denied knowledge and possession and, inherently, intent, it was relevant.

2. With respect to denial of the motion for new trial, defendant does not pursue here the denial based on the general grounds. Thus there is nothing for us to review on this score, although it is clear that the evidence supports the verdict. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U. S. 307 (99 SC 2781, 61 LE2d 560) (1979).

3. That brings us to the enumerations related to counsel.

When Boles appeared for arraignment four months after arrest, he was on bond, having been released the second day after arrest. The court inquired about counsel and defendant’s ability to hire counsel. Although defendant was unemployed and said only that he was looking for a job when he got arrested and had last worked in November, he indicated that he had a college education. It appearing that defendant was able to work and to secure a job, and that he had no disabilities which would prevent it, the court declined to appoint counsel and advised Boles that he would have to employ one if he wanted one.

When the case was called for trial at the October term nearly six months later, defendant did not appear. Nor did he contact the court in any way in the interim regarding counsel. Defendant was found in his home state of Alabama, and an extradition warrant was issued in January 1985. When it was served on defendant, he responded and presented himself for trial. Again, no mention was made prior to trial that he desired the appointment of counsel.

The case came on this second time almost one year to the day from the date of arraignment, and defendant appeared without counsel but did not ask for the same. After the initial qualifications of the first panel of jurors were established, the district attorney asked the court for permission to assure that defendant wished to represent himself. At that point the defendant said he did not want to but could not afford an attorney. The only attempt he had made to obtain one was to have talked to several. The court did not appoint counsel at this time, being of the opinion that defendant was not entitled to free counsel since now he had had a whole year to work and hire one [510]*510and had not offered that he was unable to do so.

The voir dire commenced and the defendant asked his general questions, which were pertinent to the issue. When the first juror was called for individual voir dire, the district attorney asked the court for permission to approach the bench with Boles, which was given. The record shows as follows: “Thereupon the district attorney and Mr. Phillip Grady Boles, the defendant, approached the bench and discussion was held off of the record. Thereafter Mr. Julian Webb [who was in the courtroom] was appointed to assist the defendant in his case.” The voir dire continued and questions were asked by both the district attorney and Boles, and thereafter a jury was selected and excused for the evening.

The next morning before court, Boles and the attorney discussed the latter’s role in the case as well as the defense itself. Counsel ascertained that defendant did in fact wish to represent himself and the appointed attorney was to assist only in procedural matters. He testified at the hearing on the motion for new trial that defendant was “pretty well fixed in his own mind” so that he did not discuss with him further the advisability of doing so (the judge had warned Boles about this earlier). He testified that defendant “seemed to be pretty confident about himself as to what he had [in the way of defense] and what he could show. . . .’’So the appointed attorney did not seek a continuance in the case, which he would have done if defendant did not then wish to represent himself. However, counsel testified that he knew of no further witnesses that could be called nor any other defenses presented, although he would like to have known in advance of the urinalysis and of the defendant’s statement to the sheriff that he was not selling to school children.

So they went to trial that next morning with counsel in the role of only providing assistance to defendant who had decided to represent himself.

At trial, however, the appointed attorney took an active role and provided much more than advice on procedural matters. He presented the opening statement on behalf of defendant as well as the closing argument. He cross-examined all of the state’s witnesses and conducted the direct examination of defendant.

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Brooks v. State
532 S.E.2d 763 (Court of Appeals of Georgia, 2000)
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404 S.E.2d 577 (Court of Appeals of Georgia, 1991)

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Bluebook (online)
343 S.E.2d 729, 178 Ga. App. 508, 1986 Ga. App. LEXIS 2542, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/boles-v-state-gactapp-1986.