Bogardus v. Zinkevicz

596 A.2d 722, 134 N.H. 527, 1991 N.H. LEXIS 97
CourtSupreme Court of New Hampshire
DecidedJuly 31, 1991
DocketNo. 89-455
StatusPublished
Cited by6 cases

This text of 596 A.2d 722 (Bogardus v. Zinkevicz) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of New Hampshire primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Bogardus v. Zinkevicz, 596 A.2d 722, 134 N.H. 527, 1991 N.H. LEXIS 97 (N.H. 1991).

Opinions

Thayer, J.

The plaintiffs appeal a decision by the Superior Court (M. Flynn, J.), denying their petition for a permanent injunction to enforce a restrictive covenant on the defendants’ property. The trial court ruled that the plaintiffs’ claim was barred under the doctrine of laches, and found that enforcement of the covenant would result in hardship to the defendants and constitute economic waste. We reverse and remand.

The facts found by the trial court include the following. The plaintiffs and the defendants are owners of lots in a residential subdivision in Derry, known as Olde County Estates. The defendants own lots six and seven. Plaintiff Bogardus lives across the street from lot six, and plaintiff Remsburg lives diagonally across the street from lot seven. The deeds to all of these lots contain references to identical restrictive covenants. The covenant at issue provides that: “No fences over 40 inches in height shall be erected on any lot nearer than 35 feet to the front lot line.”

The defendants began preparing lot seven for the installation of a tennis court in July of 1986. Construction was completed in late July or early August of 1987. In August 1987, the defendants surrounded the tennis court with a ten-foot-high chain link fence. Portions of the [529]*529fence violate the terms of the covenant because they are within the thirty-five-foot protected zone.

On September 11,1987, the plaintiffs contacted the defendants by letter regarding the fence. After the defendants failed to respond to this and subsequent letters, the plaintiffs filed a petition for permanent injunction in the superior court on February 22, 1988. On August 17,1989, the trial court took a view of the tennis court fence and thereafter held a one-day bench trial. The court denied the petition, ruling that although the fence was in violation of the restrictive covenant, the doctrine of laches barred the plaintiffs’ claim. The plaintiffs appealed to this court.

On appeal, the plaintiffs argue that the trial court erred in denying the petition on the basis of laches, because there was insufficient evidence to show that any delay in notifying the defendants of the violation wTas unreasonable and resulted in prejudice to the defendants. The plaintiffs also contend that the trial court erred in finding that enforcement of the covenant would work a hardship on the defendants and result in economic waste. The defendants, on the other hand, maintain that the trial court correctly denied the plaintiffs’ petition for injunctive relief, because it would be inequitable and result in economic waste. The defendants also argue that if this court holds that the trial court erred in denying the plaintiffs’ petition on the ground of laches, its decision should nonetheless be upheld on the alternative ground that the plaintiffs waived enforcement of the covenant.

We first address the plaintiffs’ arguments concerning laches. As this court has previously stated,

“The law in this jurisdiction is unambiguous. If an owner of a tract of land has adopted a general scheme for the development of his lots, and has inserted in his deeds uniform restrictions intended for the benefit of all the lots, equitable reciprocal servitudes are thereby created on the lots.
[A] holder of a valid equitable servitude may obtain an injunction against a violation of the imposed restriction.”

Gauthier v. Robinson, 122 N.H. 365, 368, 444 A.2d 564, 566 (1982) (citations omitted). However, “the enforcement of a restrictive covenant by injunctive relief may be denied because of the conduct of the parties.” Valhouli v. Coulouras, 101 N.H. 320, 322, 142 A.2d 711, 713 (1958). The doctrine of laches is a defense to the enforcement of re[530]*530strictive covenants. Id. Whether the doctrine of laches applies depends upon the circumstances of the particular case. Id. The relevant circumstances include the length of the plaintiff’s delay, and “the relative harm to the defendant, in view of the plaintiff’s delay, if [the defendant] is required to remove the offending structure.” 20 Am. Jur. 2d Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions § 332 (1965).

Application of the doctrine of laches is ‘“a question of fact for the trier of fact,”’ Estate of Younge v. Huysmans, 127 N.H. 461, 466, 506 A.2d 282, 285 (1985) (quoting North Bay Council, Inc. v. Grinnell, 123 N.H. 321, 325, 461 A.2d 114, 116 (1983)), and the decision of the trial court will not be overruled unless unsupported by the evidence or erroneous as a matter of law, Moore v. Conifer Corp., 130 N.H. 795, 798, 547 A.2d 298, 300 (1988); see N.H. Donuts, Inc. v. Skipitaris, 129 N.H. 774, 779, 533 A.2d 351, 353 (1987) (stating that the trial court’s decision will not be overturned if supported by the evidence, especially when the trier of fact’s conclusion is bolstered with a view). “The party asserting laches bears the burden of proving both that the delay was unreasonable and that prejudice resulted from the delay.” Jenot v. White Mt. Acceptance Corp., 124 N.H. 701, 710, 474 A.2d 1382, 1387 (1984).

The plaintiffs argue that the defendants failed to produce sufficient evidence to establish that they knew or should have known that the defendants were about to violate the restrictive covenant. We agree. The trial court’s decree states,

“With all the activity that went on on lot 7 right in front of the eyes of the plaintiffs . . . and with such activities spanning a period of an entire year, it is found from all the evidence that the plaintiffs knew, or reasonbly [sic] should have known, that the defendants were constructing a tennis court and that the fence surrounding the court would be in excess of 40 inches in height.”

Based on these findings, the trial court stated that the plaintiffs’ failure to either object in a timely manner or offer a reasonable explanation for their delay constitutes laches.

The trial court based its ruling on evidence that: in July of 1986, lot seven was cleared of trees and shrubs; in December of 1986, 625 tons of gravel were delivered over a period of two days and spread around the lot; and in the summer of 1987, the tennis court surface was laid. The initial activities in 1986, however, are not sufficient to constitute notice that a tennis court was being constructed. Such activity is consistent with any number of construction projects. It was not until [531]*531the tennis court surface was laid that it was evident that a tennis court was being built. There is no indication in the record of the specific length of time it took to construct the court surface. Plaintiff Bogardus testified that he returned from a two-week trip in late August of 1987 and noticed the court surface for the first time. Neither plaintiff was notified by the defendants that they were constructing a tennis court.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
596 A.2d 722, 134 N.H. 527, 1991 N.H. LEXIS 97, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/bogardus-v-zinkevicz-nh-1991.