Blackburn v. Webb

District Court, W.D. Oklahoma·Decided October 29, 2024·No. 5:23-cv-00379·Unknown

Opinion

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT WESTERN DISTRICT OF OKLAHOMA

TYEASHIA M. BLACKBURN; and ) LEZLIE E. FREEMAN, ) ) Plaintiffs, ) ) v. ) No. CIV-23-379-R ) KELLY WEBB; RENT KING, LLC, ) ) Defendants. )

ORDER Before the Court is Defendants Kelly Webb and Rent King, LLC’s Motion for Attorney’s Fees [Doc. 47]. Defendants seek $21,586.33 in attorney’s fees from their successful defense against Plaintiffs’ First Amendment claim, as well as for the fees incurred due to Plaintiffs’ procedural noncompliance that led to the dismissal of their claims in this matter and the time spent preparing the present Motion. Plaintiffs Tyeashia M. Blackburn and Lezlie E. Freeman have responded [Doc. 48], Defendants have replied [Doc. 56], and the matter is now before the Court. For the reasons that follow, the Motion is GRANTED in part and DENIED in part. I. Background A. Underlying Litigation The facts of the underlying litigation pertinent to the consideration of the present Motion are as follows. Plaintiffs, proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis brought this action against Defendants alleging violations of the Fair Housing Act, state housing laws, and the First Amendment [Doc. 24]. Defendants subsequently filed a Motion to Dismiss [Doc. 25]. The Court granted the Motion in part and denied the Motion in part, allowing the Fair Housing Act claims to proceed, while dismissing the First Amendment claim with

prejudice because Defendants are not government actors against whom a First Amendment claim may be brought [Doc. 27, at pp. 5-9]. The Court entered the Scheduling Order for the litigation on April 4, 2024, which directed that trial was to take place in November of 2024, Plaintiffs were to file their final witness and exhibit lists by August 1, 2024, and discovery was to conclude by October 3, 2024 [Doc. 31]. On August 16, 2024, Defendants filed their Motion to Dismiss Plaintiffs’

Claims with Prejudice due to Plaintiffs’ persistent failure to adhere to orders of this Court and to participate in discovery [Doc. 33]. Defendants’ Motion and an inspection of the docket revealed that Plaintiffs had violated either an order, a local rule, or the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure on numerous occasions, including: • Failing to file a motion for leave to amend before filing their Amended

Complaint [Docs. 23-24]; • Failing to file adequate initial disclosures by omitting a calculation of damages in violation of Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(a)(1)(A)(iii); • Failing to timely or adequately respond to Defendants’ First Set of Discovery

Requests in violation of Fed. R. Civ. P. 33(b)(2); • Failing to verify their responses to interrogatories in violation of Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(g)(1); • Failing to timely file their final witness and exhibit lists by filing them on August 26, 2024, when they were due on August 1, 2024 [Doc. 31]. Additionally, between Plaintiffs’ Response to the Motion and Defendants’ Reply, Plaintiffs filed an untimely Motion for Summary Judgment [Doc. 36] in violation of the

Scheduling Order [Doc. 31]. Accordingly, the Court granted Defendants’ Motion with prejudice under and entered judgment [Docs. 42-43]. B. Defendants’ Motion for Attorney’s Fees On September 26, 2024, Defendants filed their Motion for Attorney’s Fees [Doc. 47] citing Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 16(f)(2), 37(b)(2)(C), and 54(d)(2), as well as Local Rule 54.2 as support for the award. Defendants seek fees on the following grounds.

First, Defendants assert that Plaintiffs’ First Amendment claim was frivolous, and thus pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1988(b), they are entitled to attorney’s fees in the amount of $2,273.33 [Doc. 47 at pp. 3-4]. Next, Defendants claim to be entitled to attorney’s fees resulting from Plaintiffs’ procedural noncompliance under Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 16(f)(2) and 37(b)(2)(C) in the amount of $15,389.00 [Doc. 47 at pp. 5-6].

Finally, Defendants seek attorney’s fees incurred in bringing the present Motion in the amount of $3,924.00 [Doc. 47 at p. 6]. In total Defendants seek $21,586.33. Plaintiffs responded to the Motion, asserting in pertinent part that their First Amendment claim was not frivolous, that dismissal was not on the merits of the case, that Defendants did not suffer undue prejudice, and that the Court should consider Plaintiffs’

circumstances including both health and inexperience [Doc. 48]. Defendants filed their Reply which focused on the alleged frivolousness of Plaintiffs’ First Amendment claim and that the dismissal of Plaintiffs’ claims acted as an adjudication on the merits [Doc. 56]. II. Discussion The Court’s first inquiry in determining whether to grant or deny Defendants’

Motion is whether the awarding of attorney’s fees is proper in this case. To make this determination, the Court examines each basis for fees listed by Defendant in turn. A. First Amendment—42 U.S.C. § 1988(b) In support of their first basis for fees, Defendants point to 42 U.S.C. § 1988(b). The relevant portion of the statute reads as follows: In any action or proceeding to enforce a provision of sections…1983…of this title…the court, in its discretion, may allow the prevailing party…a reasonable attorney’s fee as part of the costs[.]

42 U.S.C. § 1988(b).1 This fee-shifting provision serves two competing purposes. On one hand, the United States Supreme Court has stated that “the purpose of § 1988 is to ensure ‘effective access to the judicial process’ for persons with civil rights grievances.” Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 429 (1983) (citing H.R.Rep. No. 94-1558, p. 1(1976)). On the other hand, the Supreme Court has also announced that “[i]n enacting § 1988, we stated, Congress sought ‘to protect defendants from burdensome litigation having no legal or factual basis.’” Fox v. Vice, 563 U.S. 826, 833 (2011) (citing Christiansburg Garment Co. v. EEOC, 434 U.S. 412, 421 (1978)). Thus, § 1988(b) applies to both prevailing plaintiffs and prevailing

1 While Plaintiffs did not explicitly assert their First Amendment claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, Defendants appear to interpret, as does this Court, that the claim must arise under the statute because Plaintiffs brought a civil action against Defendants for an alleged deprivation of their First Amendment rights. defendants, however, courts do not apply the fee-shifting provision to them in the same manner.

For example, whereas “a prevailing plaintiff should ordinarily recover an attorney’s fee unless special circumstances would render such an award unjust[,]” Hensley, 461 U.S.

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