DOWDELL, J.
This is an action by Laura C. Enslen as administratrix of the estate of Charles P. Enslen. [347]*347deceased, against tlie defendant, Birmingham Bailway, Light & Bower Company, to recover damages for the wrongful killing of plaintiff’s intestate.
The complaint contained two counts, in each of which it is averred that the wrong complained of was committed by the Birmingham Traction Company, a corporation, and it is further averred, that on the 5th day of November, 1900, the Birmingham Traction Company consolidated with the defendant corporation, under the laws of the state of Alabama, which consolidated company assumed the name of the defendant, etc. The plaintiff filed interrogatories to the defendant for the purpose of showing the consolidation as charged, and the further averment in the complaint, that the Birmingham Traction Company was operating the railroad at the time of the alleged injury. Answering these interrogatories, the defendant admitted that the Traction Company was operating the railroad at the time of the alleged injury, and that the consolidation was had as averred, and further stated that subsequent to said consolidation, “the consolidated company, the Birmingham Bailway, Light & Power Company, affected a consolidation with the Birmingham Bailway & Electric Company, and the last consolidated company assumed the name of the Birmingham Bailway, Light & Powér Company.” It is not stated when the second consolidation took place, nor how or under what authority it was effected, but it is admitted that the defendant preserved its' identity in the name, and it is not shown that its identity was otherwise changed. No question was raised in the pleading by demurrer to the.complaint or by plea, in respect to the “subsequent consolidation,” but it is urged that it is raised by the refusal of the lower court to give the general charge requested by the defendant, upon the ground of a variance between complaint and proof. The complaint avers that the consolidation had on the 5th day of November, 1900, was had under the laws of Alabama, and the answer of the defendant to the interrogatories also, so states. We think this to mean nothing more nor less than that the consolidation of November, 1900, was effected under the statutes, '§§ 1202, 1203 and 1204 of the Code of 1896. Section 1204 reads as follows: [348]*348“The parties may, by their agreement of consolidation, adopt the name and charter of either corporation as the name and charter of the consolidated corporation, and may malee such changes and provisions as to the amount of stock and the number of directors of the consolidated corporation as they may think proper. The consolidated corporation shall be entitled to all the property and rights of each of the uniting corporations, and liable to the debts and obligations of each of them. Suits pending for or against either of the original corporations, at the time of the consolidation, are not abated, but shall proceed in the name of the consolidated corporation. And such consolidated corporation shall be entitled to all the rights and privileges which such corporation would be entitled to under the laws of this state as now existing, regulating street-railways, electric light or gas companies.”
As a rule, corporate identity is fixed by its corporate name. Under the provisions of the statute the debts and obligations of the constituent company follow it into the consolidation, and becomes the debts and obligations of the consolidated company, as much so as if they had been originally created by it. And this is so as to every successive consolidation. For aught that appears the second consolidation, if it was effected under the statute, was had after this suit was commenced and, of course, while pending. The statute says, “suits pending for or against either of the original corporations, at the time of the consolidation, are not abated, but shall proceed in the name of the consolidated corporation.” If the second consolidation occurred while the suit was pending, and corporate identity in name was preserved, under the statute, the suit would proceed in that name, as though no consolidation had occurred. If a different name from that by which the defendant had been sued, had been assumed under the consolidation, then all that was necessary or required under the statute, was for the suit to proceed in such different and assumed name. The rights of the parties in the pending suit was in no wise affected by the consolidation.
Demurrers were filed to the complaint, and the ruling of the court below on the same constitute the grounds [349]*349for tlie first- two assignments of error on the record. These assignments are not insisted on in argument. It may be that the second count does not state a-cause of action. See Southern Ry. Co. v. Bunt, 131 Ala. 591.
The questions to the witness Mack, which were objected to by the defendant on the ground of immateriality, called for evidence tending to show that the place where the alleged injury occurred, had been made a regular stopping place by custom, and, indeed, later on in the trial it was developed in evidence, and not disputed, that said place was a regular stopping place for its cars going east, and the injury to plaintiff happened when going east on one of defendant’s cars.
The defendant was operating a street railway, and we think it permissible to show that a particular place had by its custom become a stopping place for receiving and discharging passengers.
Assignments of error from six to seventeen inclusive relate to rulings of the trial court on objections to evidence as to complaints and expressions of pain and suffering by said intestate during his life and after receiving the injury inflicted upon him by the alleged negligence of the defendant’s agents. On the authority of Kansas City, Memphis & Birmingham R. R. v. Mathews, decided at the present term of this court, this evidence was competent, and the court committed no error in its rulings on the objections and exceptions taken to it. There was no error in overruling the objection to the question to the witness, Dr. B. A. Jones, which constitutes the ground of the eighteenth assignment of error. This witness was shown to be a medical expert, and this question merely called for his opinion as an expert, and on a matter in which expert evidence was admissible. Page v. State, 61 Ala. 16.
There were a number of written charges given at the request of the plaintiff, all of which are assigned as errors, but not all insisted on in argument. There were, also, several charges requested by the defendant, which were refused and here assigned as errors, but all of these are not insisted on in argument.
The refusal of the court to- give the general charge requested by the defendant is the first insistence in argu[350]*350ment by counsel of error as to the assignments of error on charges. This insistence is based solely upon the theory of a variance in the complaint and evidence. We have already adverted to this. question in the forepart of this opinion.
The third and fourth charges requested by the defendant were asked as to the second count of the complaint, which counted on wanton or intentional wrong. These charges expressed in different phraseology, were the general affirmative charge in favor of defendant.
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DOWDELL, J.
This is an action by Laura C. Enslen as administratrix of the estate of Charles P. Enslen. [347]*347deceased, against tlie defendant, Birmingham Bailway, Light & Bower Company, to recover damages for the wrongful killing of plaintiff’s intestate.
The complaint contained two counts, in each of which it is averred that the wrong complained of was committed by the Birmingham Traction Company, a corporation, and it is further averred, that on the 5th day of November, 1900, the Birmingham Traction Company consolidated with the defendant corporation, under the laws of the state of Alabama, which consolidated company assumed the name of the defendant, etc. The plaintiff filed interrogatories to the defendant for the purpose of showing the consolidation as charged, and the further averment in the complaint, that the Birmingham Traction Company was operating the railroad at the time of the alleged injury. Answering these interrogatories, the defendant admitted that the Traction Company was operating the railroad at the time of the alleged injury, and that the consolidation was had as averred, and further stated that subsequent to said consolidation, “the consolidated company, the Birmingham Bailway, Light & Power Company, affected a consolidation with the Birmingham Bailway & Electric Company, and the last consolidated company assumed the name of the Birmingham Bailway, Light & Powér Company.” It is not stated when the second consolidation took place, nor how or under what authority it was effected, but it is admitted that the defendant preserved its' identity in the name, and it is not shown that its identity was otherwise changed. No question was raised in the pleading by demurrer to the.complaint or by plea, in respect to the “subsequent consolidation,” but it is urged that it is raised by the refusal of the lower court to give the general charge requested by the defendant, upon the ground of a variance between complaint and proof. The complaint avers that the consolidation had on the 5th day of November, 1900, was had under the laws of Alabama, and the answer of the defendant to the interrogatories also, so states. We think this to mean nothing more nor less than that the consolidation of November, 1900, was effected under the statutes, '§§ 1202, 1203 and 1204 of the Code of 1896. Section 1204 reads as follows: [348]*348“The parties may, by their agreement of consolidation, adopt the name and charter of either corporation as the name and charter of the consolidated corporation, and may malee such changes and provisions as to the amount of stock and the number of directors of the consolidated corporation as they may think proper. The consolidated corporation shall be entitled to all the property and rights of each of the uniting corporations, and liable to the debts and obligations of each of them. Suits pending for or against either of the original corporations, at the time of the consolidation, are not abated, but shall proceed in the name of the consolidated corporation. And such consolidated corporation shall be entitled to all the rights and privileges which such corporation would be entitled to under the laws of this state as now existing, regulating street-railways, electric light or gas companies.”
As a rule, corporate identity is fixed by its corporate name. Under the provisions of the statute the debts and obligations of the constituent company follow it into the consolidation, and becomes the debts and obligations of the consolidated company, as much so as if they had been originally created by it. And this is so as to every successive consolidation. For aught that appears the second consolidation, if it was effected under the statute, was had after this suit was commenced and, of course, while pending. The statute says, “suits pending for or against either of the original corporations, at the time of the consolidation, are not abated, but shall proceed in the name of the consolidated corporation.” If the second consolidation occurred while the suit was pending, and corporate identity in name was preserved, under the statute, the suit would proceed in that name, as though no consolidation had occurred. If a different name from that by which the defendant had been sued, had been assumed under the consolidation, then all that was necessary or required under the statute, was for the suit to proceed in such different and assumed name. The rights of the parties in the pending suit was in no wise affected by the consolidation.
Demurrers were filed to the complaint, and the ruling of the court below on the same constitute the grounds [349]*349for tlie first- two assignments of error on the record. These assignments are not insisted on in argument. It may be that the second count does not state a-cause of action. See Southern Ry. Co. v. Bunt, 131 Ala. 591.
The questions to the witness Mack, which were objected to by the defendant on the ground of immateriality, called for evidence tending to show that the place where the alleged injury occurred, had been made a regular stopping place by custom, and, indeed, later on in the trial it was developed in evidence, and not disputed, that said place was a regular stopping place for its cars going east, and the injury to plaintiff happened when going east on one of defendant’s cars.
The defendant was operating a street railway, and we think it permissible to show that a particular place had by its custom become a stopping place for receiving and discharging passengers.
Assignments of error from six to seventeen inclusive relate to rulings of the trial court on objections to evidence as to complaints and expressions of pain and suffering by said intestate during his life and after receiving the injury inflicted upon him by the alleged negligence of the defendant’s agents. On the authority of Kansas City, Memphis & Birmingham R. R. v. Mathews, decided at the present term of this court, this evidence was competent, and the court committed no error in its rulings on the objections and exceptions taken to it. There was no error in overruling the objection to the question to the witness, Dr. B. A. Jones, which constitutes the ground of the eighteenth assignment of error. This witness was shown to be a medical expert, and this question merely called for his opinion as an expert, and on a matter in which expert evidence was admissible. Page v. State, 61 Ala. 16.
There were a number of written charges given at the request of the plaintiff, all of which are assigned as errors, but not all insisted on in argument. There were, also, several charges requested by the defendant, which were refused and here assigned as errors, but all of these are not insisted on in argument.
The refusal of the court to- give the general charge requested by the defendant is the first insistence in argu[350]*350ment by counsel of error as to the assignments of error on charges. This insistence is based solely upon the theory of a variance in the complaint and evidence. We have already adverted to this. question in the forepart of this opinion.
The third and fourth charges requested by the defendant were asked as to the second count of the complaint, which counted on wanton or intentional wrong. These charges expressed in different phraseology, were the general affirmative charge in favor of defendant. The rule i®, that whenever there is a material conflict in the evidence, or when there is evidence reasonably affording inference adverse to the right of recovery by the party asking the charge, the general affirmative charge should never be given. The necessities of this case do not require a discussion of the application of the rule, which would call for a review of the evidence and its tendencies, as the judgment must be reversed for an ei*ror committed in the instructions given at the request of the plaintiff.
The complaint contained two counts. The first being-predicated on simple negligence, and the second on wanton or intentional misconduct. The defendant filed four pleas. The first two being the general issue. The third and fourth, which were pleaded to each count of the complaint separately set up contributory negligence on the part of the plaintiff. No demurrer was interposed to these pleas as constituting an insufficient answer to the second count, but issue was taken on them as pleaded. The sixth charge given at the request of the plaintiff required a verdict in favor of the plaintiff, although' the jury should believe from the evidence, that plaintiff’s intestate was guilty of negligence. Under the issues, this was clearly error.
The fourth, seventh and tenth charge® given at plaintiff’s instance are the only other charges discussed by appellant’s counsel. We think the facts postulated in these charges, are stated with hypothesis and are consequently not subject to the objection that the facts are assumed.
For the error pointed out the judgment must be reversed and the cause remanded.
Reversed and remanded.
[351]*351McClellan, O. J., Haralson and Denson, JJ., concurring.