Bippes v. Hershey Chocolate U.S.A.

180 F.R.D. 386, 1998 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 7669, 1998 WL 261573
CourtDistrict Court, D. Oregon
DecidedMay 20, 1998
DocketCivil No. 94-1561-FR
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 180 F.R.D. 386 (Bippes v. Hershey Chocolate U.S.A.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, D. Oregon primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Bippes v. Hershey Chocolate U.S.A., 180 F.R.D. 386, 1998 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 7669, 1998 WL 261573 (D. Or. 1998).

Opinion

OPINION

FRYE, District Judge.

The matter before the court is the defendant’s renewed motion for judgment as a matter of law (# 118-1) or, in the alternative, a new trial (# 118-2) or remittitur (# 118-3).

BACKGROUND

The plaintiff, Tere Bippes, was employed by the defendant, Hershey Chocolate U.S.A. (Hershey), as a key account manager and district account supervisor for Hershey’s Portland, Oregon distribution area. She was terminated by Hershey for falsifying her expense reports. Bippes sued Hershey, alleging claims of defamation, the intentional infliction of emotional distress, and breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing. Before trial, the court dismissed Bippes’ claims for the intentional infliction of emotional distress and breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing. The court also dismissed Bippes’ defamation claim, except for that part of the defamation •claim related to Hershey’s statements that Bippes had listed thousands and thousands of dollars of lunches on expense reports and that her supervisor had told her time and time again that she had to keep her expenses in line.

Beginning on February 18, 1998, the court presided over a seven-day jury trial on the remaining defamation claim. The jury returned a verdict awarding Bippes $405,000 in economic damages and $1,275,000 in noneconomic damages.

Hershey seeks judgment as a matter of law or, in the alternative, a new trial or remittitur.

CONTENTIONS OF THE PARTIES

H.ershey contends that it is not liable for defamation because 1) the statements at issue are true; 2) the statements do not have a defamatory meaning; and 3) Hershey did not abuse its privilege to make the statements. Hershey also contends that there was insufficient evidence to support the award of economic damages, and that the amount of non-economic damages awarded is excessive and against the clear weight of the evidence.

Bippes denies these contentions.

LEGAL STANDARDS

The standard for determining a motion for judgment as a matter of law under Fed.R.Civ.P. 50(c) is whether the evidence, construed in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, “permits only one reasonable conclusion, and that conclusion is contrary to the jury’s.” Vollrath Co. v. Sammi Corp., 9 F.3d 1455, 1460 (9th Cir.1993), cert. denied, 511 U.S. 1142, 114 S.Ct. 2163, 128 L.Ed.2d 886 (1994). All inferences must be resolved in favor of the nonmoving party, and the evidence is reviewed in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party. United States for Use and Benefit of Reed v. Callahan, 884 F.2d 1180, 1183 (9th Cir.1989), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 1094, 110 S.Ct. 1167, 107 L.Ed.2d 1069 (1990).

If the jury verdict is supported by substantial evidence, the court cannot weigh the evidence, substitute its judgment for that of the jury, or assess the witnesses’ credibility. Id. at 1183. Substantial evidence is such relevant evidence as reasonable minds might accept as adequate to support a conclusion, even if it is possible to draw two inconsistent conclusions from the evidence. Landes Constr. Co. v. Royal Bank of Canada, 833 F.2d 1365,1371 (9th Cir.1987).

Even if a verdict is supported by substantial evidence, the court may grant a [389]*389motion for a new trial if it concludes that the verdict is against the clear weight of the evidence, is based on evidence which is false, or to prevent a miscarriage of justice. Roy v. Volkswagen of Am., Inc., 896 F.2d 1174, 1176 (9th Cir.), amended on other grounds on denial of reh’g, 920 F.2d 618 (9th Cir. 1990), cert. denied, 500 U.S. 928, 111 S.Ct. 2042, 114 L.Ed.2d 126 (1991). The court can weigh the evidence and assess the credibility of the witnesses. Id. The court is not required to view the evidence from the perspective most favorable to the prevailing party. Landes Constr. Co. v. Royal Bank of Canada, 833 F.2d 1365, 1371 (9th Cir.1987).

Remittitur is available to correct excessive verdicts. Fenner v.. Dependable Trucking Co., 716 F.2d 598, 603 n. 3 (9th Cir.1983). A trial court reviewing a damages award attacked by a defendant as excessive must consider the evidence of damages in a light most favorable to the prevailing party. Seymour v. Stvrnma Vista Cinema, Inc., 809 F.2d 1385, 1387 (9th Cir.), opinion amended on other grounds, 817 F.2d 609 (9th Cir. 1987).

If the court concludes that a damages award is excessive, it may either grant the defendant’s motion for a new trial or deny the motion conditioned upon the prevailing party’s acceptance of a remittitur. Id. A trial court granting a motion for remittitur does not substitute its judgment for that of the jury, but instead reduces the judgment to the maximum amount sustainable by the proof. D & S Redi-Mix v. Sierra Redi-Mix & Contracting Co., 692 F.2d 1245, 1249 (9th Cir.1982).

ANALYSIS AND RULING

1. Liability

Hershey contends that the jury’s verdict as to liability is improper as a matter of law because the allegedly defamatory statements attributed to Hershey are true and do not have a defamatory meaning, and because Hershey did not abuse its privilege. The court concludes that there is sufficient evidence, when taken in the light most favorable to Bippes, for a reasonable jury to find all of the elements required by law to find Hershey liable to Bippes for defamation. In one particular, the court concludes that a reasonable jury could find that the statements imply that Bippes embezzled large amounts of money for times when she had not incurred any expenses. Thus, a reasonable jury could find that even if the details of the statements are correct, the gist is not. Although there is no evidence that the statements were intentionally contrived to allow that implication, some of the facts necessary to put the statements in context were omitted. This is sufficient for liability. See Hickey v. Settlemier, 116 Or.App. 436, 441 n. 2, 841 P.2d 675 (1992).

2. Damages

Hershey contends that there is insufficient evidence that the defamatory statements were a substantial factor in causing Bippes difficulty in obtaining employment which resulted in her alleged economic damages of $405,000.

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Bluebook (online)
180 F.R.D. 386, 1998 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 7669, 1998 WL 261573, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/bippes-v-hershey-chocolate-usa-ord-1998.