Bijou v. Alton Ochsner Medical Found.

679 So. 2d 893, 1996 WL 502331
CourtSupreme Court of Louisiana
DecidedSeptember 5, 1996
Docket95-CC-3074
StatusPublished
Cited by46 cases

This text of 679 So. 2d 893 (Bijou v. Alton Ochsner Medical Found.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Louisiana primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Bijou v. Alton Ochsner Medical Found., 679 So. 2d 893, 1996 WL 502331 (La. 1996).

Opinion

679 So.2d 893 (1996)

Fredrek BIJOU
v.
ALTON OCHSNER MEDICAL FOUNDATION d/b/a Ochsner Foundation Hospital, Tulane University Medical Center, and Edward S. Connolly, M.D.

No. 95-CC-3074.

Supreme Court of Louisiana.

September 5, 1996.
Rehearing Denied October 4, 1996.

*894 Charles A. Kronlage, Jr., Kathleen C. Cresson, New Orleans, for applicant.

Charles T. Williams, Jr., New Orleans, Bruce A. Cranner, John E. Baker, Blue, Williams, L.L.P., Metairie, for respondent.

JOHNSON, Justice.[*]

We granted writ of certiorari to determine whether there exists a genuine issue of material fact on the issue of damages under the facts of this medical malpractice case, so as to warrant the granting of a Motion for Summary Judgment. The trial court granted plaintiff's Motion for Summary Judgment on the issue of damages, and awarded to plaintiff the $500,000.00 limit for general damages provided under La.R.S. 40:1299.42, as well as future medical care and benefits. The trial court also granted plaintiff's Motion for Summary Judgment on the issue of causation, finding that the "liability" imposed by La.R.S. 40:1299.44(c) precludes the defendant from contesting causation. Finding that the amount of damages is a genuine issue of material fact, the court of appeal set aside the trial court's judgment. For reasons stated below, we reverse the court of appeal's decision.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

On October 24, 1991, plaintiff, Fredrek Bijou, was a patient in the intensive care unit of Ochsner Foundation Hospital (Ochsner). Mr. Bijou was scheduled for surgery at 7:00 a.m. on October 25, 1991, to relieve spinal cord compression. Dr. Edward S. Connolly was Ochsner's neurosurgeon scheduled to perform the surgery.

On the evening of October 24, 1991, Bijou's condition rapidly declined. The nurses and doctors at Oschner failed to notify Dr. Connolly of Bijou's declining condition. Consequently, sometime between the evening of October 24, 1991 and the early morning of October 25, 1991, Bijou became tetraplegic, also called quadriplegic, permanently depriving him of use of his entire body from the *895 neck down. During his deposition testimony, he established that he lost all bodily functions, and despite his vegetative state, he has not been pain free. He experienced side effects such as the development of kidney stones, persistent and severe muscle and bladder spasms, headaches, dyslexia, bed-wetting, colon polyps, hemorrhoids, urinary tract infections, bedsores which required plastic surgery, pressure sores and dizziness. As a result of his condition, he also required an indwelling (full-time), foley catheter.

Mr. Bijou also visited with a psychologist and testified that he has contemplated suicide, and therefore believes that he may need to resume visiting with a psychologist or psychiatrist. Also, because he is totally deprived of all bodily functions, he is totally dependent on others. He requires an aide or caretaker on a 24-hour a day basis. However, due to the expense of hired caretakers, he hires caretakers to work only 12-hour shifts. His wife cares for him the remaining 12 hours. Mr. Bijou requires use of medical items such as a Roho chair cushion in the shower, a Hoyer lift, a special bed and mattress, a special van, and has need of a voice activated phone to accommodate his physical limitations. He regularly takes prescription medication for his numerous ailments. He also takes antidepressants. The deposition of Dr. Nedda Hendler, plaintiff's treating physician, corroborates Mr. Bijou's testimony regarding his medical condition and needs.

Bijou was 41 years old at the time of this incident. He was married and had an adopted nine-year old son. Prior to his becoming tetraplegic, he was actively involved in boy scout activities with his son. He participated with his son in camping, fishing, and field trips, and in attending football games. Bijou, his wife and son also engaged in outdoor activities such as bicycling, swimming, and playing racquetball on an average of four times a week.

Bijou filed a medical malpractice claim, naming Ochsner, Dr. Connolly and the Tulane University Medical Center, as defendants. In a deposition, Dr. Connolly made the following admissions:

(1) that Bijou's tetraplegia was caused by the spinal cord compression which had been diagnosed on his admission to Ochsner, and which Dr. Connolly planned to relieve by the operation scheduled for October 25, 1991;
(2) the failure of the nurses and duty doctors to contact him when Bijou's neurological condition began to decline was below the standard of care required;
(3) if he had been timely notified, he would have, and could have arranged for immediate emergency surgery;
(4) if he had performed such emergency surgery, it would have prevented the tetraplegia.

Following this testimony, Ochsner tendered to Bijou its $100,000 limits of liability as primary health care provider. Bijou accepted this settlement but reserved his rights against the Louisiana Patient's Compensation Fund ("Fund"), and made demand on it for the remaining $400,000 due for general damages under the statutory limitation of $500,000 provided by the Medical Malpractice Act. Plaintiff also demanded all medical and related expenses incurred for treatment and care of his tetraplegia, and judgment decreeing him to be in need of medical care beyond the trial date. Ochsner and Bijou filed a Joint Petition for court approval of the settlement, which the trial court granted.

The case was set for trial on December 4, 1995. On October 9, 1995, plaintiff filed a Motion for Summary Judgment on the following three parts:

(1) Finding that the "liability" imposed by La.R.S. 40:1299.44(c) was for plaintiff's tetraplegia, the foreseeable harm caused by the malpractice, and that causation for that harm could not be contested.
(2) Finding that plaintiff was entitled to judgment for the $500,000 limit for general damages provided under La.R.S. 40:1299.42, subject to a credit of $100,000, reflective of payment by Oschner.
(3) Finding that Bijou was in need of future medical care and benefits reasonably related to his tetraplegic condition.

Following oral argument on this Motion for Summary Judgment, the trial court rendered judgment in favor of Bijou on all three parts. The Fund applied for supervisory *896 writs to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeal, contending that quantum or damages is a purely factual issue which should be decided by a jury—not by summary judgment. The Fifth Circuit granted writ. Finding that the amount of damages is a genuine issue of material fact, the court of appeal set aside the trial court judgment. Bijou appealed to this court to make the following determinations:

1. Whether by virtue of Ochsner's payment of its $100,000 insurance policy limit, the Fund is precluded from contesting liability?
2. Whether a summary judgment is appropriate to decide plaintiff's damages?
3. Whether Bijou is entitled to future medical care and related benefits under La.R.S. 40:1299.43(A)(1)?

LAW AND ANALYSIS

In 1975, the Louisiana legislature enacted the Louisiana Medical Malpractice Act, La.R.S. 40:1299(41), to establish a framework for compensating individuals who are injured as a result of medical malpractice committed by qualified health care providers. Russo v. Vasquez, 648 So.2d 879, 883 (La. 1995).

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Bluebook (online)
679 So. 2d 893, 1996 WL 502331, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/bijou-v-alton-ochsner-medical-found-la-1996.