Bernas v. Cablevision System Corp.

215 F. App'x 64
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Second Circuit
DecidedJanuary 30, 2007
DocketNo. 06-0250-CV
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 215 F. App'x 64 (Bernas v. Cablevision System Corp.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Bernas v. Cablevision System Corp., 215 F. App'x 64 (2d Cir. 2007).

Opinion

SUMMARY ORDER

Plaintiff-appellant Kelly E. Bernas (“Bernas”) appeals from the December 19, 2005 judgment of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (Spatt, J.) granting the defendant-appellee Cablevision Service Corporation’s (“CSC”) motion to dismiss the amended complaint.

We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts, the procedural history, and the issues presented for review. We review de novo the grant of a motion to dismiss, accepting the complaint’s allegations as true. See Tindall v. Poultney High School Dist, 414 F.3d 281, 283 (2d Cir.2005). Where a “complaint was filed pro se, we construe it broadly and interpret it to raise the strongest arguments it suggests.” Sharpe v. Conole, 386 F.3d 482, 484 (2d Cir.2004). “Rule 12(b)(6) dismissal is only appropriate if it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to relief.” Zerilli-Edelglass v. N.Y. City Transit Auth., 333 F.3d 74, 79 (2d Cir.2003) (internal quotations and citations omitted).

In brief, Bernas — who produces a public access cable television program entitled “Irish Express T.V.” — challenges CSC’s procedure for assigning time slots. Under New York law, public access time slots must be assigned on a first-come-first-served basis. See N.Y. Comp.Codes R. & Regs. tit. 16, § 895.4(c)(4). Under the current procedure, challenged in the amended complaint, CSC accepts applications only by mail and grants them in order of postmark date, randomly selecting the order in which it processes applications postmarked on the same day.1 The amended complaint, liberally construed, raises issues under Article III of the Americans with Disabilities Act, postal statutes, RICO, FCC regulations, and New York state gaming laws, as well as constitutional issues under 42 U.S.C. § 1983.

RICO and New York law

Bernas’ claim under RICO is that CSC’s system of randomly ordering appli[67]*67cations within each postmark date is an illegal “lottery” or “game of chance” under New York state law, and that for this reason, CSC is effectively running a criminal gambling enterprise. Under New York law, a lottery involves (1) consideration, (2) chance, and (3) a prize. See Valentin v. El Diario La Prensa, 103 Misc.2d 875, 427 N.Y.S.2d 185, 186 (N.Y.Civ.Ct.1980) (citing People v. Miller, 271 N.Y. 44, 2 N.E.2d 38 (1936)); see also N.Y. Penal Law § 225.00(10). But there is no consideration here: applicants pay nothing to CSC for the opportunity to receive a time slot, and CSC is prohibited from charging a fee, see N.Y. Comp.Codes R. & Regs. tit. 16, § 895.4(c)(6).

Bernas also claims that the procedure for assigning time slots violates the Games of Chance Licensing Law. See N.Y. Gen. Mun. Law §§ 185-195. However, a “mechanical drawing to determine the order of processing in and of itself is a mere processing incident and does not constitute illegality.” Daub v. N.Y. State Liquor Auth., 45 Misc.2d 833, 257 N.Y.S.2d 655, 662 (N.Y.Sup.Ct.1965). The procedure utilized here is not a “specific game” within the meaning of the statutory definition of a “game of chance” in N.Y. Gen. Mun. Law § 186(3).

FCC Regulations and Postal Service statutes

Bernas alleges that CSC’s procedure violates FCC regulations prohibiting the unauthorized broadcast of advertisements or information about lotteries, see 47 C.F.R. § 76.218, and the postal statute governing what type of material is “non-mailable,” see 39 U.S.C. § 3001. Bernas has cited no authority indicating she has standing to bring suit under these provisions, and we are aware of none. Judicial enforcement of the mail statutes is effected by a request from the Postal Service to the United States Attorney General to initiate civil proceedings. See 39 U.S.C. § 3011. Unless some statute authorizes a general private right of action to enforce FCC regulations, there is none. See Conboy v. AT & T Corp., 241 F.3d 242, 251-52 (2d Cir.2001).

47 U.S.C. § 531(e)

We have recognized an implied private right of action under 47 U.S.C. § 531(e) to challenge a cable operator’s inappropriate exercise of “editorial control.” See McClellan v. Cable-vision of Conn., Inc., 149 F.3d 161, 165 (2d Cir. 1998). But see Morrone v. CSC Holdings Corp., 363 F.Supp.2d 552, 556 (E.D.N.Y. 2005) (questioning the continued validity of McClellan in light of Alexander v. Sandoval, 532 U.S. 275, 121 S.Ct. 1511, 149 L.Ed.2d 517 (2001)); Leach v. Mediacom, 373 F.3d 895, 896 (8th Cir.2004) (holding that Sandoval dictates there is no implied private right of action under Section 531(e)). The complaint merely speculates that editorial influence of some undefined sort might be exerted in the random process of assigning slots. This is insufficient to support a claim.

ADA Title III

Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”) forbids discrimination “on the basis of disability in the full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations of any place of public accommodation.” 42 U.S.C. § 12182. Title III provides private parties with the right to injunctive relief to stop or prevent disability discrimination in a place of public accommodation, but it provides no right to monetary damages for past discrimination. See Powell v. Nat’l Bd. of Med. Exam’rs, [68]*68364 F.3d 79, 86 (2d Cir.2004). The district court stated that CSC does not clearly fit within any of the categories of public accommodation in 42 U.S.C. § 12181(7), but we need not reach that subject.

Bernas’ ADA Title III claims ultimately rest on CSC’s alleged requirement that producers have a New York driver’s license, which Bernas says she cannot obtain because of a disability.

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215 F. App'x 64, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/bernas-v-cablevision-system-corp-ca2-2007.