1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 ZAMIRA BELLOZO, Case No.: 3:17-CR-02928-JAH-1
12 Petitioner, ORDER DENYING PETITIONER’S 13 v. MOTION TO VACATE, SET ASIDE, OR CORRECT SENTENCE 14 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PURSUANT TO 28 U.S.C. § 2255 15 Respondent. [Doc. No. 33] 16 17 18 19 INTRODUCTION 20 Pending before the Court is Petitioner Zamira Bellozo’s (“Defendant”) motion to 21 vacate, set aside, or correct her sentence under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 (“motion”). (Doc. No. 22 33). Respondent United States of America (“the Government”) filed a response opposing 23 Petitioner’s motion. (Doc. No. 39). Having carefully considered the pleadings in this action 24 and for the reasons set forth below, the Court hereby DENIES Defendant’s motion. 25 BACKGROUND 26 On August 25, 2017, Defendant was charged with one count of importation of 27 methamphetamine under 28 U.S.C. §§ 952 and 960. On October 31, 2017, Defendant 28 pleaded guilty to the charge. On February 7, 2018, the Court entered judgement and 1 sentenced Defendant to an 87-month term of imprisonment followed by three years of 2 supervised release. On October 23, 2018, Defendant filed her motion. On May 29, 2019, 3 the Government filed a response opposing the motion. 4 LEGAL STANDARD 5 Under 28 U.S.C. § 2255, a federal prisoner may move the court to vacate, set aside, 6 or correct their sentence on four grounds: (1) the sentence was imposed in violation of the 7 Constitution or laws of the United States; (2) the court lacked jurisdiction to impose the 8 sentence; (3) the sentence exceeded the maximum authorized by law; or (4) the sentence is 9 otherwise subject to collateral attack. 28 U.S.C. § 2255(a); United States v. Speelman, 431 10 F.3d 1226, 1230 n.2 (9th Cir. 2005). However, a general “error of law does not provide a 11 basis for collateral attack unless the claimed error constituted a fundamental defect which 12 inherently results in a complete miscarriage of justice.” United States v. Addonizio, 442 13 U.S. 178, 185 (1979). Defendant has the burden of establishing that she is entitled to post- 14 conviction relief pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255. See United States v. Frady, 456 U.S. 152, 15 170 (1982). 16 DISCUSSION 17 Defendant’s motion seeks collateral relief and requests that the Court reduce her 18 term of imprisonment to “47 to 60 months” based on four grounds: (1) ineffective 19 assistance of counsel; (2) first time federal offender; (3) harsh sentencing for a person 20 considered a first-time offender; and (4) mental depression. As a condition of her plea 21 agreement and sentence, Defendant knowingly and voluntarily waived her right to 22 collateral relief, except on the basis that she received ineffective assistance of counsel. 23 Therefore, the Court addresses only Defendant’s claim for ineffective assistance of 24 counsel. 25 Generally, a defendant who does not bring a claim on direct appeal cannot raise the 26 claim on collateral review. Sanchez-Llamas v. Oregon, 548 U.S. 331, 350-51 (2006). 27 However, if a defendant does not bring an ineffective assistance of counsel claim on direct 28 appeal, they may still bring that claim later under 28 U.S.C. § 2255. Massaro v. United 1 States, 538 U.S. 500, 509 (2003). Although Defendant did not make a direct appeal in this 2 case, she is making an ineffective assistance of counsel claim now under 28 U.S.C. § 2255. 3 Therefore, the Court deems the motion appropriate for consideration. 4 Under the Sixth Amendment, criminal defendants are entitled to “effective 5 assistance of counsel,” in which representation is objectively reasonable in light of 6 “prevailing professional norms.” Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 686-88 (1984). 7 To sustain a claim for ineffective assistance, Defendant has the burden of satisfying 8 Strickland’s two-prong standard. Id. First, Defendant must show that her attorney’s 9 performance was deficient. Id. at 687. This requires a showing that her attorney made errors 10 so serious that they were not functioning as the “counsel” guaranteed to Defendant by the 11 Sixth Amendment. Id. Accordingly, Defendant must identify the acts or omissions of her 12 attorney that were the result of unreasonable professional judgment or were otherwise 13 outside the range of professional competent assistance. Id. at 690. Second, Defendant must 14 show that her attorney’s deficient performance prejudiced the defense. Id. at 687. This 15 requires showing “that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s 16 unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different. A reasonable 17 probability is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.” Id. at 694. 18 Here, Defendant’s claim is based on four allegations. First, Defendant alleges she 19 received ineffective assistance because her attorney, Michael Berg, “stated that he did not 20 have much experience in cases like mine.” Mr. Berg was a California certified specialist in 21 criminal law and had practiced federal criminal law in San Diego for nearly 35 years when 22 representing Defendant. As the Government points out, Mr. Berg was widely believed to 23 be one of the best and most experienced criminal defense attorneys in this district. Even if 24 it were true that Mr. Berg “did not have much experience in cases like” Defendant’s, this 25 assertion implies that Mr. Berg still had some experience. Despite the level of Mr. Berg’s 26 experience in cases such as Defendants at the time he represented her, Defendant’s fact- 27 deficient allegation still falls short of Strickland’s two-prong standard, because it fails to 28 show that her attorney’s conduct was deficient or that his conduct prejudiced the outcome 1 of her case. 2 Second, Defendant alleges her attorney “never took time to talk to me, never wanted 3 to hear what I had to say.” This allegation is patently false because the record demonstrates 4 communications between Defendant and her attorney. For one, as the Government points 5 out, Defendant swore under oath at her plea hearing that she thoroughly went over her plea 6 agreement with Mr. Berg (i.e., took time to talk to and hear Defendant). Further, 7 Defendant’s allegation belies Mr. Berg’s description of Defendant’s intimate life details 8 during her sentencing hearing. There, Mr. Berg introduced the Court to Defendant’s fiancé, 9 mother, and brother who all sat in the courtroom. Then, Mr. Berg went into extensive detail 10 about Defendant’s upbringing, background, and children. Together, the plea and 11 sentencing hearing transcripts show that Mr. Berg indeed took time to talk to Defendant 12 and hear what she had to say.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 ZAMIRA BELLOZO, Case No.: 3:17-CR-02928-JAH-1
12 Petitioner, ORDER DENYING PETITIONER’S 13 v. MOTION TO VACATE, SET ASIDE, OR CORRECT SENTENCE 14 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PURSUANT TO 28 U.S.C. § 2255 15 Respondent. [Doc. No. 33] 16 17 18 19 INTRODUCTION 20 Pending before the Court is Petitioner Zamira Bellozo’s (“Defendant”) motion to 21 vacate, set aside, or correct her sentence under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 (“motion”). (Doc. No. 22 33). Respondent United States of America (“the Government”) filed a response opposing 23 Petitioner’s motion. (Doc. No. 39). Having carefully considered the pleadings in this action 24 and for the reasons set forth below, the Court hereby DENIES Defendant’s motion. 25 BACKGROUND 26 On August 25, 2017, Defendant was charged with one count of importation of 27 methamphetamine under 28 U.S.C. §§ 952 and 960. On October 31, 2017, Defendant 28 pleaded guilty to the charge. On February 7, 2018, the Court entered judgement and 1 sentenced Defendant to an 87-month term of imprisonment followed by three years of 2 supervised release. On October 23, 2018, Defendant filed her motion. On May 29, 2019, 3 the Government filed a response opposing the motion. 4 LEGAL STANDARD 5 Under 28 U.S.C. § 2255, a federal prisoner may move the court to vacate, set aside, 6 or correct their sentence on four grounds: (1) the sentence was imposed in violation of the 7 Constitution or laws of the United States; (2) the court lacked jurisdiction to impose the 8 sentence; (3) the sentence exceeded the maximum authorized by law; or (4) the sentence is 9 otherwise subject to collateral attack. 28 U.S.C. § 2255(a); United States v. Speelman, 431 10 F.3d 1226, 1230 n.2 (9th Cir. 2005). However, a general “error of law does not provide a 11 basis for collateral attack unless the claimed error constituted a fundamental defect which 12 inherently results in a complete miscarriage of justice.” United States v. Addonizio, 442 13 U.S. 178, 185 (1979). Defendant has the burden of establishing that she is entitled to post- 14 conviction relief pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255. See United States v. Frady, 456 U.S. 152, 15 170 (1982). 16 DISCUSSION 17 Defendant’s motion seeks collateral relief and requests that the Court reduce her 18 term of imprisonment to “47 to 60 months” based on four grounds: (1) ineffective 19 assistance of counsel; (2) first time federal offender; (3) harsh sentencing for a person 20 considered a first-time offender; and (4) mental depression. As a condition of her plea 21 agreement and sentence, Defendant knowingly and voluntarily waived her right to 22 collateral relief, except on the basis that she received ineffective assistance of counsel. 23 Therefore, the Court addresses only Defendant’s claim for ineffective assistance of 24 counsel. 25 Generally, a defendant who does not bring a claim on direct appeal cannot raise the 26 claim on collateral review. Sanchez-Llamas v. Oregon, 548 U.S. 331, 350-51 (2006). 27 However, if a defendant does not bring an ineffective assistance of counsel claim on direct 28 appeal, they may still bring that claim later under 28 U.S.C. § 2255. Massaro v. United 1 States, 538 U.S. 500, 509 (2003). Although Defendant did not make a direct appeal in this 2 case, she is making an ineffective assistance of counsel claim now under 28 U.S.C. § 2255. 3 Therefore, the Court deems the motion appropriate for consideration. 4 Under the Sixth Amendment, criminal defendants are entitled to “effective 5 assistance of counsel,” in which representation is objectively reasonable in light of 6 “prevailing professional norms.” Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 686-88 (1984). 7 To sustain a claim for ineffective assistance, Defendant has the burden of satisfying 8 Strickland’s two-prong standard. Id. First, Defendant must show that her attorney’s 9 performance was deficient. Id. at 687. This requires a showing that her attorney made errors 10 so serious that they were not functioning as the “counsel” guaranteed to Defendant by the 11 Sixth Amendment. Id. Accordingly, Defendant must identify the acts or omissions of her 12 attorney that were the result of unreasonable professional judgment or were otherwise 13 outside the range of professional competent assistance. Id. at 690. Second, Defendant must 14 show that her attorney’s deficient performance prejudiced the defense. Id. at 687. This 15 requires showing “that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s 16 unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different. A reasonable 17 probability is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.” Id. at 694. 18 Here, Defendant’s claim is based on four allegations. First, Defendant alleges she 19 received ineffective assistance because her attorney, Michael Berg, “stated that he did not 20 have much experience in cases like mine.” Mr. Berg was a California certified specialist in 21 criminal law and had practiced federal criminal law in San Diego for nearly 35 years when 22 representing Defendant. As the Government points out, Mr. Berg was widely believed to 23 be one of the best and most experienced criminal defense attorneys in this district. Even if 24 it were true that Mr. Berg “did not have much experience in cases like” Defendant’s, this 25 assertion implies that Mr. Berg still had some experience. Despite the level of Mr. Berg’s 26 experience in cases such as Defendants at the time he represented her, Defendant’s fact- 27 deficient allegation still falls short of Strickland’s two-prong standard, because it fails to 28 show that her attorney’s conduct was deficient or that his conduct prejudiced the outcome 1 of her case. 2 Second, Defendant alleges her attorney “never took time to talk to me, never wanted 3 to hear what I had to say.” This allegation is patently false because the record demonstrates 4 communications between Defendant and her attorney. For one, as the Government points 5 out, Defendant swore under oath at her plea hearing that she thoroughly went over her plea 6 agreement with Mr. Berg (i.e., took time to talk to and hear Defendant). Further, 7 Defendant’s allegation belies Mr. Berg’s description of Defendant’s intimate life details 8 during her sentencing hearing. There, Mr. Berg introduced the Court to Defendant’s fiancé, 9 mother, and brother who all sat in the courtroom. Then, Mr. Berg went into extensive detail 10 about Defendant’s upbringing, background, and children. Together, the plea and 11 sentencing hearing transcripts show that Mr. Berg indeed took time to talk to Defendant 12 and hear what she had to say. Nevertheless, this allegation alone, without more, also falls 13 short of Strickland’s two-prong standard. 14 Third, Defendant alleges her attorney “did not tell me about my criminal history 15 score or category. My Criminal History should be a I, documents state Category III. 16 Attorney specifically always told me I would sentenced under the guidelines of a Category 17 ! [sic], I was sentenced under a Category III.” At Defendant’s plea hearing, the Court 18 explained, “I’m sure your lawyers have gone over what’s called the sentencing guidelines. 19 It’s a chart I have here that is a point system, tries to give you an idea what kind of sentence 20 you might be looking at. Those guidelines are advisory, which means the District Judge 21 has the authority to sentence you to a different sentence, even up to the maximum sentence 22 authorized by law.” Following this explanation, the Court asked Defendant if she 23 understood, and Defendant replied, “Yes, Your Honor.” Then, at Defendant’s sentencing 24 hearing, this Court explicitly told Defendant, “Your criminal history score is zero. Your 25 criminal history category is I. And under the guidelines, your sentence should range 26 between 168 to 210 months in custody. The parties have agreed, however, to a minus-four 27 downward departure for fast track, resulting in an offense level of 31 and guideline range 28 of 108 to 135 months in custody.” Under these facts, Mr. Berg’s alleged promise was true, 1 therefore Defendant’s representation on this issue was not deficient and cannot support a 2 claim for ineffective assistance of counsel. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 686-88. 3 Lastly, Defendant alleges her attorney “told me they did not take into account my 4 Mexican Treaty Transfer, and then upon sentencing prosecutor did take this into his 5 findings.” Upon Defendant’s request, the Court granted a minus-two departure for a 6 combination of circumstances, resulting in an offense level of 29 with a sentencing 7 guideline range of 87 to 108 months. The prosecutor mentioned the treaty transfer for the 8 purpose of having the Court consider Defendant’s underlying offense when determining 9 whether to vary below the prosecutor’s 108-month recommended sentence. That is, the 10 prosecutor brought up the transfer’s underlying offense to persuade the Court to not 11 sentence Defendant below 108 months. Despite the Government’s recommendation for a 12 108-month term of imprisonment, this Court sentenced Defendant to a low-end sentence 13 of 87-months of imprisonment, no fine, with a three-year supervised release—well below 14 the prosecutor’s recommendation. Therefore, the transfer did not adversely affect the 15 Court’s sentencing or otherwise prejudice the Defendant because it was not considered by 16 the Court for sentencing and the Court declined the prosecutor’s sentencing 17 recommendation. 18 In sum, Defendant has not shown that her sentence was imposed in violation of the 19 law or that the court lacked jurisdiction to impose the sentence. Nor has Defendant 20 provided sufficient facts to indicate Mr. Berg’s conduct was deficient or otherwise 21 prejudiced her case. As a result, Defendant is unable to satisfy the Supreme Court’s 22 standard in Strickland for ineffective assistance of counsel. 23 /// 24 /// 25 /// 26 27 28 l CONCLUSION 2 For all the reasons discussed above, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that Defendant’s 3 ||motion to vacate, set aside, or correct sentence pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255 is DENIED. 4 IT IS SO ORDERED. 5 6 || DATED: September 10, 2021 Lb Mlb JOHN A. HOUSTON MJNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28