2015 IL App (1st) 140028WC
Opinion filed May 1, 2015 ______________________________________________________________________________
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
FOURTH DISTRICT
WORKERS' COMPENSATION COMMISSION DIVISION ______________________________________________________________________________
JANET K. BELL, Administrator of the ) Appeal from the Circuit Court Estate of Mary J. Nash, ) of the Fifth Judicial Circuit ) Coles County, Illinois Appellant, ) ) v. ) Appeal No. 4-14-0028WC ) Circuit No. 13-MR-123 ) THE ILLINOIS WORKERS' ) Honorable COMPENSATION COMMISSION, et al., ) Teresa K. Righter, (Dan Pilson Auto Center, Appellee). ) Judge, Presiding. ______________________________________________________________________________
PRESIDING JUSTICE HOLDRIDGE delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion. Justices Hoffman, Hudson, Harris and Stewart concurred in the judgment and opinion. ______________________________________________________________________________
OPINION
¶1 Mary J. Nash filed an application for adjustment of claim under the Workers'
Compensation Act (Act) (820 ILCS 305/1 et seq. (West 2008)), seeking benefits for injuries she
sustained while she was working for Dan Pilson Auto Center (employer). Prior to the arbitration
hearing, Ms. Nash died of causes unrelated to her work accident. Janet K. Bell, Ms. Nash's sister
and the administrator of her estate (claimant), filed an amended application for adjustment of
claim substituting herself as the claimant. After conducting a hearing, an arbitrator awarded
temporary total disability (TTD) benefits and medical expenses and found that the claimant had
sustained a permanent partial disability from her work injury. However, the arbitrator ruled that any permanent partial disability (PPD) benefits that had accrued prior to Ms. Nash's death abated
with her death, and declined to award any such benefits to her estate.
¶2 The claimant appealed the arbitrator's decision to the Illinois Workers' Compensation
Commission (the Commission). The Commission unanimously affirmed and adopted the
arbitrator's decision. The claimant then sought judicial review of the Commission's decision in
the circuit court of Coles County, which confirmed the Commission's ruling. This appeal
followed.
¶3 FACTS
¶4 Mary J. Nash worked for the employer as a clerical worker for approximately 25 years.
The parties stipulated that Ms. Nash sustained accidental injuries that arose out of the course of
her employment on January 30, 2008, when she slipped and fell in the employer's parking lot.
She was transported by ambulance to Sarah Bush Lincoln Medical Center where she was
diagnosed with an acute spiral fracture of the right distal femur. On February 1, 2008, Ms. Nash
was admitted to the Carle Foundation Hospital where she underwent a surgical procedure on her
fractured femur that the medical records described as an "open reduction and internal fixation"
with plates and screws.
¶5 Although Ms. Nash's femur healed properly and without complications in the months
following the surgery, she remained too weak to walk without assistance. On July 16, 2008, Ms.
Nash's surgeon, Dr. Alain Desy, noted that weakness in Ms. Nash's legs prevented her from
"fully ambulating" and that she was still using a wheelchair. Dr. Desy also noted at that time
that, although some of Ms. Nash's weakness had pre-existed her accident, she was able to walk
2 without any assistive device prior to the accident. On August 27, 2008, Brian J. Cummings, Dr.
Desy's physician's assistant, noted that Ms. Nash was experiencing very slow recovery of
strength despite very sincere ongoing physical therapy efforts. Cummings suspected that Ms.
Nash had an underlying neurological or rheumatological condition preexisting her work injury
but not manifesting itself strongly enough to impede her lifestyle before August 2008. A
neurology consult was recommended.
¶6 On September 23, 2008, Ms. Nash was evaluated by Dr. Russell Cantrell, the employer's
Section 12 examiner. After examining Ms. Nash and reviewing her medical records, Dr. Cantrell
opined that Ms. Nash had reached maximum medical improvement (MMI) with regard to her
work-related right femur fracture. Dr. Cantrell also opined that Ms. Nash's reported inability to
resume ambulation without reliance on a wheelchair was not related to her work-related
orthopedic injury but rather was "associated with an underlying neuropathic process." He
recommended a more complete set of electrodiagnostic studies. However, Dr. Cantrell opined
that Ms. Nash was capable of performing her regular work duties without restrictions as they
related to her work-related right femur fracture.
¶7 On March 18, 2009, Ms. Nash filed an application for adjustment of claim with the
Commission seeking benefits for work-related injuries to her right leg that she allegedly suffered
on January 30, 2008.
¶8 On November 12, 2009, Ms. Nash was evaluated by Dr. Conrad Wiehl, a neurologist.
Dr. Wiehl's examination revealed that Ms. Nash had diffuse weakness and more weakness
proximally in her lower extremities than distal weakness. Dr. Wiehl suspected that Ms. Nash
was suffering from "a muscular dystrophy of some sort." Accordingly, he ordered EMG/nerve
-3- conduction studies and blood tests.
¶9 Ms. Nash returned to Dr. Wiehl on January 28, 2010, after undergoing the recommended
studies. Dr. Wiehl testified that the diagnostic testing confirmed that Ms. Nash had a myopathy,
which Dr. Wiehl defined as "an underlying muscle weakness syndrome." He opined that Ms.
Nash's January 30, 2008, work accident "accelerated the clinical symptoms associated with her
muscle disease." Dr. Wiehl also testified that, based upon his review of the medical records, Ms.
Nash had reached MMI from her work-related injury as of August 27, 2008.
¶ 10 On August 19, 2010, Ms. Nash died of causes unrelated to her work-related injuries. On
April 12, 2011, the claimant, Ms. Nash's sister and the administrator of her estate, filed an
amended application for adjustment of claim which substituted herself as the claimant in the
place of Ms. Nash.
¶ 11 The arbitration hearing took place on June 25, 2012. During the hearing, the claimant
testified that, prior to her January 30, 2008, work accident, Ms. Nash appeared able to walk
without an assistive device, although she used a cane on occasion. The claimant also stated that
Ms. Nash was able to stand up without assistance prior to the work accident. The claimant
testified that Ms. Nash relied upon a wheelchair to get around at all times after the work
accident, including when she returned to work. The claimant did not observe Ms. Nash stand up
without assistance or walk on her own at any time after the accident.
¶ 12 The employer stipulated that Ms. Nash sustained accidental injuries that arose out of and
in the course of her employment on January 30, 2008. The employer also stipulated that the
claimant was entitled to a TTD underpayment of $99.79, and the arbitrator awarded that amount
to the claimant. The claimant sought reimbursement of medical expenses incurred by Ms. Nash
-4- while she was alive, including the cost of medical treatment rendered on the date of the accident
and the cost of modifying her home to allow her to use a wheelchair. The arbitrator ordered the
employer to pay these expenses, finding that the medical evidence showed that Ms. Nash needed
assistance to ambulate as a result of her work-related injuries.
¶ 13 The claimant also sought recovery of the PPD benefits that accrued from the date that
Ms. Nash reached MMI until her death on August 19, 2010. The employer disputed the
claimant's right to recover such benefits, arguing that any PPD benefits to which the claimant
would have been entitled abated upon her death.
¶ 14 After reviewing relevant case law and Commission decisions, the arbitrator agreed with
the employer and held that Ms. Nash's claim for PPD benefits had abated. The Commission
apparently found that the claimant had established that Ms. Nash's work accident resulted in a
permanent partial disability. (While discussing our holding in Divittorio v. Industrial Comm'n,
299 Ill. App. 3d 662 (1998), the Commission stated that "[l]ike the instant case, medical
testimony along with testimony from a relative [in Divittorio] established the existence of a
permanent partial disability.") However, the arbitrator ruled that sections 8(e)(19) and 8(h) of
the Act (820 ILCS 305/8(e)(19), (h) (West 2008)), which authorize the surviving spouse and
dependants of a deceased claimant to continue an injured employee's claim for PPD benefits after
the employee's death, allow the recovery of PPD benefits only if one or more such eligible
dependents exist at the time of the employee's death. Because Ms. Nash had no dependents, the
arbitrator held that her estate was not entitled to recover any PPD benefits on her behalf, even
PPD benefits that accrued before her death. The arbitrator noted that the Act "allows dependents
to recover from the economic loss caused by [the claimant's] injury," and concluded that
-5- "[a]llowing [Ms. Nash's] estate to collect permanency benefits, where she had no dependents,
really serves no purpose."
¶ 15 The claimant appealed the arbitrator's decision to the Illinois Workers' Compensation
Commission (the Commission). The Commission unanimously affirmed and adopted the
arbitrator's decision. The claimant then sought judicial review of the Commission's decision in
the circuit court of Coles County, which confirmed the Commission's ruling. This appeal
¶ 16 ANALYSIS
¶ 17 The issue presented in this appeal is whether the estate of an unmarried claimant who
dies without leaving any dependents may recover PPD benefits that accrued prior to the
employee's death, or, alternatively, whether any claim to such benefits abates with the
employee's death. The answer to this question depends upon the proper construction of section 8
of the Act (820 ILCS 308/8 (West 2008)). Issues of statutory construction are questions of law
which are reviewed de novo. Nationwide Bank & Office Management v. Industrial Comm'n, 361
Ill. App. 3d 207, 209-10 (2005). The relevant facts are undisputed. Accordingly, we review the
Commission's decision de novo.
¶ 18 In this case, the Commission found that "medical testimony along with testimony from
a relative established" that Ms. Nash had a permanent partial disability. The Commission also
found that Ms. Nash had reached MMI before her death. Accordingly, the Commission tacitly
acknowledged that at least some PPD benefits accrued prior to Ms. Nash's death. Nevertheless,
relying on sections 8(e)(19) and 8(h) of the Act, the Commission ruled that any claim to PPD
benefits, even a claim to PPD benefits that accrued and were due and owing prior to the Ms.
-6- Nash's death, abated with her death and could not be recovered by Ms. Nash's estate because Ms.
Nash died without any dependents.
¶ 19 That was error. Section 8(e)(19) provides:
"In a case of specific loss and the subsequent death of such injured
employee from other causes than such injury leaving a widow, widower,
or dependents surviving before payment or payment in full for such injury,
then the amount due for such injury is payable to the widow or widower
and, if there be no widow or widower, then to such dependents, in the
proportion which such dependency bears to total dependency." 820 ILCS
305/8(e)(19) (West 2008).
Similarly, section 8(h) provides:
"In case death occurs from any cause before the total compensation to
which the employee would have been entitled has been paid, then in case
the employee leaves any widow, widower, child, parent (or any
grandchild, grandparent or other lineal heir or any collateral heir
dependent at the time of the accident upon the earnings of the employee to
the extent of 50% or more of total dependency) such compensation shall
be paid to the beneficiaries of the deceased employee and distributed as
provided in paragraph (g) of Section 7." 820 ILCS 305/8(h) (West 2008).
By their plain terms, these provisions merely establish to whom benefits will be paid if the
employee dies with a spouse or dependents before he has been fully compensated for his work-
related injury. They do not limit the ability of a deceased employee's estate to collect accrued,
-7- unpaid benefits that were due and owing to the employee while he was alive. Neither provision
addresses what happens when an employee dies without leaving a surviving spouse or any
surviving dependents, as in this case. Accordingly, neither provision should be read as barring
an employee's estate to collect accrued benefits under such circumstances.
¶ 20 As the claimant notes, both our supreme court and this court have already reached a
similar conclusion. In Republic Steel Corp. v. Industrial Comm'n, 26 Ill. 2d 32 (1962), the
Commission found that the claimant sustained accidental injuries arising out of his employment
which permanently and totally incapacitated him and ordered the employer to pay the claimant
$40 per week for 281 weeks plus an annual pension for life of $1,350 payable in equal monthly
installments. Id. at 34-35. While the employer's appeal of the Commission's award was pending,
the claimant died. The administrator of the claimant's estate (his wife) moved to substitute the
administrator as the claimant in place of the employee. The circuit court of Cook County
granted the substitution and ordered the employer to pay the administrator the amount of
workers' compensation benefits that had accrued as of the date of the claimant's death. Id. at 35-
36. The circuit court abated any additional benefit payments awarded by the Commission's
order. Id.
¶ 21 Our supreme court affirmed. The supreme court rejected the employer's arguments that
the administrator of the employee's estate "ha[d] no standing to collect workmen's compensation
benefits, which can be paid only to dependents," and that the benefits that had accrued from the
date of the employee's work accident until the date of his death "should be abated." Id. at 46.
Citing its prior precedents, the supreme court ruled that, although an employee's death
"extinguishe[s] all payments falling due after [the employee's] death," an administrator of the
-8- claimant's estate may recover for "those payments accrued to the date of death." Id.
¶ 22 Applying Republic Steel Corp., we reached the same conclusion in Nationwide Bank &
Office Management v. Industrial Comm'n, 361 Ill. App. 3d 207 (2005). In that case, an
employee filed a claim for TTD benefits and medical expenses but died of causes unrelated to his
work injury prior to arbitration. Id. at 208. The employee's widow carried on the employee's
claim but did not file a motion for substitution. Id. The arbitrator awarded TTD benefits and
medical expenses, and the employer filed a petition for review with the Commission. While the
employer's petition was pending, the employee's widow died, and the claim was carried on by the
widow's estate. Id. (The employee and his wife had no children and left no dependents.) The
Commission affirmed and remanded the matter to the arbitrator with instruction to take further
evidence regarding the proper calculation of the employee's average weekly wage.
¶ 23 On remand, the employer moved to dismiss the claim, arguing (inter alia) that the claim
had been abated due to the employee's death. Id. The arbitrator declined to address this issue
and issued a decision finding that the employee's average weekly wage was $0. On appeal
before the Commission, the employer again argued that the employee's claim had been abated.
The Commission rejected this argument and held that the employer was required to pay the
medical expenses and TTD benefits ordered in the original award. Id. at 209. However, on
appeal, the circuit court reversed and set aside the arbitrator's award, ruling that section 8(h) of
the Act abated the claim upon the death of the employee's wife. Id. at 210.
¶ 24 We reversed the circuit court's judgment and reinstated the Commission's decision. In so
ruling, we relied upon our supreme court's decision in Republic Steel Corp. which, we noted, had
(1) rejected the argument that an employee's estate lacks standing to collect accrued benefits
-9- "which could only be paid to dependents"; and (2) "not[ed] that benefits which accrued up to the
date of death were payable to the estate, regardless of dependency, while benefits which did not
accrue until after the date of death were abated." (Emphasis added.) Id. at 211. We rejected the
employer's argument that the supreme court's holding in Republic Steel Corp. had been
legislatively overruled by the enactment of section 8(h) in 1975. We noted that "section 8(h) by
its express language does not address accrued benefits." Id. We observed that section 8(h) only
addresses benefits which are to be "distributed as provided in" section 7(g) of the Act, which
provides for payment in installments; accordingly, we ruled that section 8(h) "specifically
addresses benefits to be paid out in installments" and leaves Republic Steel Corp.'s holding
regarding accrued benefits "untouched." Id. Because the accrued TTD benefits and medical
expenses at issue in Nationwide Bank were accrued benefits that were payable to the defendant
prior to date of his death (rather than future installment payments that would have accrued and
been payable on some later date), we held that the benefits awarded by the Commission could be
paid to the employee's widow's estate. Id. at 213.
¶ 25 We reach the same conclusion here. In this case, Ms. Nash's estate seeks only those PPD
benefits that had accrued and were payable, due, and owing to Ms. Nash prior to her death. It
does not seek future installment payments that would have accrued and become payable to Ms.
Nash on some future date had she survived. Republic Steel Corp. and Nationwide Bank provide
that such benefits may be collected by Ms. Nash's estate.
¶ 26 The Commission found Republic Steel Corp. and Nationwide Bank distinguishable
because, "[i]n each of those cases, when the injured worker died, there were one or more eligible
dependents as set forth by [sections 8(e)(19) and 8(h)] of the Act." We do not find this
- 10 - distinction dispositive. In Republic Steel Corp., our supreme court rejected the argument that an
injured employee's estate "has no standing to collect workmen's compensation benefits, which
can be paid only to dependents." Republic Steel Corp., 26 Ill. 2d at 46. The supreme court held
that the administrator of the estate may collect benefits that had accrued prior to the defendant's
death. Although the administrator of the employee's estate in Republic Steel Corp. happened to
be the employee's widow, the fact that she was an eligible dependent under the Act played no
part in the supreme court's holding. The employer in Republic Steel argued that the employee's
widow, who was suing in her capacity as the administrator of the employee's estate rather than in
her personal capacity, lacked standing to collect workers' compensation benefits because such
benefits were payable "only to dependents," not to the employee's estate. The supreme court
expressly rejected that argument. Thus, as we noted in Nationwide Bank, Republic Steel Corp.
stands for the proposition that benefits which accrued up to the date of death are payable to the
employee's estate, "regardless of dependency." (Emphasis added.) Nationwide Bank, 361 Ill.
App. 3d at 211. In Nationwide Bank, we noted that this aspect of Republic Steel Corp.'s holding
was not overruled by the enactment of section 8(h) of the Act because section 8(h) does not
address accrued benefits.
¶ 27 Similarly, our holding in Nationwide Bank was not dependent in any way on the fact that
the employee's widow was alive at the time of the employee's death. Like the employee, the
employee's widow in Nationwide Bank had died during the pendency of her husband's claim (i.e.,
before his workers' compensation award was final). Nevertheless, applying Republic Steel
Corp., we awarded accrued benefits to the widow's estate. Nationwide Bank, 361 Ill. App. 3d at
211-13. In so holding, we made it clear that benefits that accrue before the injured employee's
- 11 - death are payable to the estate "regardless of dependency." Id. at 211
¶ 28 In this case, the Commission also found that allowing Ms. Nash's estate to collect PPD
benefits when she had no dependents "really serves no purpose." The employer essentially
argues the same point by asserting that, unlike medical expenses and TTD benefits (which could
"allow[] the estate to recover debts incurred by the decedent while living"), PPD "is purely
compensation for the injury and is personal to the claimant." We are not persuaded. Like TTD
benefits, PPD benefits serve as compensation for the diminishment of the employee's earning
capacity which was caused by a work-related injury. Thus, unpaid PPD payments that accrued
while the claimant was alive are payable to his estate, just like unpaid but accrued TTD benefits.
See Republic Steel Corp., 26 Ill. 2d at 46. Moreover, contrary to the Commission's assertion,
there are good policy reasons to allow estates to collect such unpaid, accrued benefits. As our
supreme court noted in Republic Steel Corp., a contrary rule would encourage employers to
"litigate and delay the payment of compensation due a legitimately disabled individual to a point
beyond his death and thereby defeat his right to compensation." Id. at 47.
¶ 29 The employer argues that our supreme court's holding was "rendered obsolete" by the
subsequent enactment of sections 8(e)(19) and 8(h) of the Act, which "limit[ed] recovery of a
deceased petitioner's benefits to only surviving spouses and dependents." In Nationwide Bank,
we specifically rejected this argument with respect to section 8(h). Nationwide Bank, 361 Ill.
App. 3d at 211. For similar reasons, we also reject the employer's argument with respect to
section 8(e)(19). As noted above, both sections merely provide that, where an injured claimant
dies leaving one or more eligible dependents, such dependents may recover his workers'
compensation benefits, including any installment benefits that were to be paid on dates after the
- 12 - claimant's death. They say nothing about what happens when an injured employee dies without
leaving any eligible dependents. Thus, these sections of the Act do not defeat the employee's
estate's right to collect benefits that accrued before the claimant's death, as confirmed by
Republic Steel Corp.
¶ 30 Like the Commission, the employer relies upon Divittorio v. Industrial Comm'n, 299 Ill.
App. 3d 662 (1998) and Peabody Coal Co. v. Industrial Comm'n, 255 Ill. App. 3d 828 (1994) in
support of its argument that benefits owed to a deceased claimant may only be paid to his her
eligible dependents. However, these cases merely addressed the question of who was entitled to
collect benefit payments where there may have been an eligible dependent. Neither case held or
implied that an injured employee's estate may not collect accrued benefits where there are no
such dependents.
¶ 31 We have considered the employer's remaining arguments and we find them meritless.
Accordingly, we reverse the judgment of the circuit court, vacate the Commission's decision, and
remand this matter to the Commission with instructions to determine what PPD benefits accrued
prior to Ms. Nash's death and to award such benefits, if any, to the claimant.
¶ 32 CONCLUSION
¶ 33 For the foregoing reasons, we reverse the judgment of the circuit court of Coles County
confirming the Commission's decision, vacate the decision of the Commission, and remand this
matter to the Commission for further proceedings consistent with our decision.
¶ 34 Circuit court's judgment reversed, Commission's decision vacated, and cause remanded.
- 13 -