[Cite as Barrett v. Barrett, 2017-Ohio-250.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
WARREN COUNTY
BEATRICE BARRETT, :
Petitioner-Appellee, : CASE NO. CA2016-04-033
: OPINION - vs - 1/23/2017 :
LARRY J. BARRETT, :
Respondent-Appellant. :
APPEAL FROM WARREN COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS DOMESTIC RELATIONS DIVISION Case No. 15 DV 7255
Beatrice Barrett, petitioner-appellee, pro se
Timothy R. Evans, 110 North Third Street, Hamilton, Ohio 45013, for respondent-appellant
HENDRICKSON, J.
{¶ 1} Respondent-appellant, Larry Barrett ("Larry"), appeals from the decision of the
Warren County Court of Common Pleas granting petitioner-appellee, Beatrice Barrett
("Beatrice"), a domestic violence civil protection order (DVCPO). For the reasons discussed
below, we affirm the court's decision.
{¶ 2} Larry and Beatrice were in the midst of a divorce. They began living separate
from one another on October 11, 2015. On December 15, 2015, Beatrice petitioned for and Warren CA2016-04-033
was granted an ex parte protection order.
{¶ 3} In the petition, Beatrice alleged that she had been hiding from Larry since the
date of their separation because Larry told her he would "see her dead" before he would let
her divorce him. She said that Larry displayed a gun when she returned home to recover
some property and alleged that Larry told her that "those two state troopers" did not scare
him, referring to state troopers who lived in Beatrice's apartment complex. This statement
was meant to communicate that he knew where she lived.
{¶ 4} On February 1, 2016, the court conducted an evidentiary hearing on Beatrice's
petition. Beatrice appeared pro se. Larry appeared with counsel. Beatrice testified about a
number of occurrences indicating that her estranged husband was stalking her.
{¶ 5} In late September 2015, prior to her moving out of their martial home, Beatrice
alleged that she saw Larry in the parking lot of Huntington Bank as she was leaving the bank.
The next day, as she was pulling out of a McDonalds parking lot, Larry pulled his car up
alongside her, laughing, and saluted her.
{¶ 6} These two instances caused Beatrice to believe that Larry was somehow
tracking her. In order to prevent him from tracking her movements, she went to her car
dealership and had them turn off any tracking features on her car. In addition, she went to
the Sprint store and asked them to turn off the tracking function on her cell phone. As a
result of her actions, Beatrice testified that Larry called her sometime later in October 2015
and stated that he was going to cancel her phone service because she had turned off the
phone's tracking feature.
{¶ 7} In late November 2015, Beatrice stated she was with her sisters at a T.G.I.F.
restaurant for several hours. At around 10:30 p.m., as she and her sisters were leaving,
Larry pulled up in his vehicle and drove past them. A week or so later Beatrice and her
sisters were at a Longhorn restaurant for several hours. She then went to a Kroger store and -2- Warren CA2016-04-033
noticed Larry, who pulled his car alongside of hers as she was leaving the store.
{¶ 8} Beatrice testified that Larry called her a few days after the Kroger encounter
and mentioned that he was not scared of "those two state troopers." Beatrice explained that
two state troopers lived in her apartment complex and parked their cars in the parking lot.
Thus, Beatrice explained that Larry's statement was meant to indicate that he knew where
she lived. Following this phone call, Beatrice petitioned for the DVCPO.
{¶ 9} Finally, on December 21, 2015, Beatrice alleged that she was at El Rancho
Grande restaurant with her friends. Soon after she left she received a call from her friends
telling her that Larry was there. Upon hearing that Larry had once again appeared at a
location where she was present, Beatrice searched her car and found a small electronic
tracking device, called a "Zubie," attached underneath the dashboard.
{¶ 10} The court asked Beatrice if the pattern of behavior that she was alleging had
an effect on her mentally. She responded affirmatively and added that when Larry called her
and told her the two state troopers did not scare him she "broke down."
{¶ 11} Larry testified and denied he had been stalking his wife. With respect to the
encounter at Huntington Bank, he said he was shopping at a nearby mall. With regard to
appearing at El Rancho Grande, he said he was at a gas station and a friend who was with
him spotted Beatrice's car parked at the restaurant. He wondered what Beatrice was doing
at the restaurant because she did not like Mexican food so he drove to the restaurant and sat
in the lot for two or three minutes and then left.
{¶ 12} Larry admitted seeing Beatrice two others times, at the Sprint store and at
Longhorn restaurant.1 With respect to his statement that the state troopers did not scare
him, he explained that he said this because Beatrice told him that if he came over to her
1. Beatrice testified about going to the Sprint store but did not testify that she saw Larry there. -3- Warren CA2016-04-033
apartment complex he would go to jail. So he responded by saying that the state troopers
did not scare him because he had done nothing to deserve going to jail.
{¶ 13} Finally, Larry admitted to installing the Zubie tracking device in Beatrice's car.
He installed it in September 2015 because Beatrice "had too many doctor's appointments."
After he installed the device he discovered that Beatrice was at a hotel.
{¶ 14} On February 2, 2016, the magistrate granted Beatrice a DVCPO. Larry filed
objections, which were overruled by the court. Larry presents one assignment of error for our
review.
{¶ 15} THE COURT ERRED IN UPHOLDING THE MAGISTRATE'S ISSUING A
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE PROTECTION ORDER AND THE COURT'S JUDGMENT IS
AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE AND CONTRARY TO LAW.
{¶ 16} Larry argues that Beatrice failed to prove the statutory requirements for issuing
a DVCPO. He contends that Beatrice's evidence failed to demonstrate that he knowingly
intended to cause her any mental distress or that she suffered mental distress. And he
argues that the greater weight of the evidence indicated that the various encounters with his
estranged wife were by chance.
{¶ 17} R.C. 3113.31 governs the process of obtaining a DVCPO. In order to grant a
DVCPO, a "trial court must find that petitioner has shown by a preponderance of the
evidence that petitioner or petitioner's family or household members are in danger of
domestic violence." Felton v. Felton, 79 Ohio St.3d 34 (1997), paragraph two of the syllabus.
For the purpose of this case, domestic violence means "committing a violation of [R.C.]
2903.211 [menacing by stalking]." R.C. 3113.31(A)(1)(b).
{¶ 18} As defined by R.C. 2903.211(A)(1), "menacing by stalking" means engaging in
a pattern of conduct that knowingly causes another "to believe that the offender will cause * *
* mental distress to the other person." "Pattern of conduct" is defined as "two or more -4- Warren CA2016-04-033
actions or incidents closely related in time[.]" R.C. 2903.211(D)(1). And "mental distress"
means either: (1) "any mental illness or condition that involves some temporary substantial
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[Cite as Barrett v. Barrett, 2017-Ohio-250.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
WARREN COUNTY
BEATRICE BARRETT, :
Petitioner-Appellee, : CASE NO. CA2016-04-033
: OPINION - vs - 1/23/2017 :
LARRY J. BARRETT, :
Respondent-Appellant. :
APPEAL FROM WARREN COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS DOMESTIC RELATIONS DIVISION Case No. 15 DV 7255
Beatrice Barrett, petitioner-appellee, pro se
Timothy R. Evans, 110 North Third Street, Hamilton, Ohio 45013, for respondent-appellant
HENDRICKSON, J.
{¶ 1} Respondent-appellant, Larry Barrett ("Larry"), appeals from the decision of the
Warren County Court of Common Pleas granting petitioner-appellee, Beatrice Barrett
("Beatrice"), a domestic violence civil protection order (DVCPO). For the reasons discussed
below, we affirm the court's decision.
{¶ 2} Larry and Beatrice were in the midst of a divorce. They began living separate
from one another on October 11, 2015. On December 15, 2015, Beatrice petitioned for and Warren CA2016-04-033
was granted an ex parte protection order.
{¶ 3} In the petition, Beatrice alleged that she had been hiding from Larry since the
date of their separation because Larry told her he would "see her dead" before he would let
her divorce him. She said that Larry displayed a gun when she returned home to recover
some property and alleged that Larry told her that "those two state troopers" did not scare
him, referring to state troopers who lived in Beatrice's apartment complex. This statement
was meant to communicate that he knew where she lived.
{¶ 4} On February 1, 2016, the court conducted an evidentiary hearing on Beatrice's
petition. Beatrice appeared pro se. Larry appeared with counsel. Beatrice testified about a
number of occurrences indicating that her estranged husband was stalking her.
{¶ 5} In late September 2015, prior to her moving out of their martial home, Beatrice
alleged that she saw Larry in the parking lot of Huntington Bank as she was leaving the bank.
The next day, as she was pulling out of a McDonalds parking lot, Larry pulled his car up
alongside her, laughing, and saluted her.
{¶ 6} These two instances caused Beatrice to believe that Larry was somehow
tracking her. In order to prevent him from tracking her movements, she went to her car
dealership and had them turn off any tracking features on her car. In addition, she went to
the Sprint store and asked them to turn off the tracking function on her cell phone. As a
result of her actions, Beatrice testified that Larry called her sometime later in October 2015
and stated that he was going to cancel her phone service because she had turned off the
phone's tracking feature.
{¶ 7} In late November 2015, Beatrice stated she was with her sisters at a T.G.I.F.
restaurant for several hours. At around 10:30 p.m., as she and her sisters were leaving,
Larry pulled up in his vehicle and drove past them. A week or so later Beatrice and her
sisters were at a Longhorn restaurant for several hours. She then went to a Kroger store and -2- Warren CA2016-04-033
noticed Larry, who pulled his car alongside of hers as she was leaving the store.
{¶ 8} Beatrice testified that Larry called her a few days after the Kroger encounter
and mentioned that he was not scared of "those two state troopers." Beatrice explained that
two state troopers lived in her apartment complex and parked their cars in the parking lot.
Thus, Beatrice explained that Larry's statement was meant to indicate that he knew where
she lived. Following this phone call, Beatrice petitioned for the DVCPO.
{¶ 9} Finally, on December 21, 2015, Beatrice alleged that she was at El Rancho
Grande restaurant with her friends. Soon after she left she received a call from her friends
telling her that Larry was there. Upon hearing that Larry had once again appeared at a
location where she was present, Beatrice searched her car and found a small electronic
tracking device, called a "Zubie," attached underneath the dashboard.
{¶ 10} The court asked Beatrice if the pattern of behavior that she was alleging had
an effect on her mentally. She responded affirmatively and added that when Larry called her
and told her the two state troopers did not scare him she "broke down."
{¶ 11} Larry testified and denied he had been stalking his wife. With respect to the
encounter at Huntington Bank, he said he was shopping at a nearby mall. With regard to
appearing at El Rancho Grande, he said he was at a gas station and a friend who was with
him spotted Beatrice's car parked at the restaurant. He wondered what Beatrice was doing
at the restaurant because she did not like Mexican food so he drove to the restaurant and sat
in the lot for two or three minutes and then left.
{¶ 12} Larry admitted seeing Beatrice two others times, at the Sprint store and at
Longhorn restaurant.1 With respect to his statement that the state troopers did not scare
him, he explained that he said this because Beatrice told him that if he came over to her
1. Beatrice testified about going to the Sprint store but did not testify that she saw Larry there. -3- Warren CA2016-04-033
apartment complex he would go to jail. So he responded by saying that the state troopers
did not scare him because he had done nothing to deserve going to jail.
{¶ 13} Finally, Larry admitted to installing the Zubie tracking device in Beatrice's car.
He installed it in September 2015 because Beatrice "had too many doctor's appointments."
After he installed the device he discovered that Beatrice was at a hotel.
{¶ 14} On February 2, 2016, the magistrate granted Beatrice a DVCPO. Larry filed
objections, which were overruled by the court. Larry presents one assignment of error for our
review.
{¶ 15} THE COURT ERRED IN UPHOLDING THE MAGISTRATE'S ISSUING A
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE PROTECTION ORDER AND THE COURT'S JUDGMENT IS
AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE AND CONTRARY TO LAW.
{¶ 16} Larry argues that Beatrice failed to prove the statutory requirements for issuing
a DVCPO. He contends that Beatrice's evidence failed to demonstrate that he knowingly
intended to cause her any mental distress or that she suffered mental distress. And he
argues that the greater weight of the evidence indicated that the various encounters with his
estranged wife were by chance.
{¶ 17} R.C. 3113.31 governs the process of obtaining a DVCPO. In order to grant a
DVCPO, a "trial court must find that petitioner has shown by a preponderance of the
evidence that petitioner or petitioner's family or household members are in danger of
domestic violence." Felton v. Felton, 79 Ohio St.3d 34 (1997), paragraph two of the syllabus.
For the purpose of this case, domestic violence means "committing a violation of [R.C.]
2903.211 [menacing by stalking]." R.C. 3113.31(A)(1)(b).
{¶ 18} As defined by R.C. 2903.211(A)(1), "menacing by stalking" means engaging in
a pattern of conduct that knowingly causes another "to believe that the offender will cause * *
* mental distress to the other person." "Pattern of conduct" is defined as "two or more -4- Warren CA2016-04-033
actions or incidents closely related in time[.]" R.C. 2903.211(D)(1). And "mental distress"
means either: (1) "any mental illness or condition that involves some temporary substantial
incapacity;" or (2) "any mental illness or condition that would normally require psychiatric
treatment, psychological treatment, or other mental health services, whether or not any
person requested or received psychiatric treatment, psychological treatment, or other mental
health services." R.C. 2903.211(D)(2)(a) and (b). The trial court "may rely on its knowledge
and experience in determining whether mental distress has been caused." Smith v. Wunsch,
162 Ohio App.3d 21, 2005-Ohio-3498 (4th Dist.), ¶ 18. However, a DVCPO petitioner is not
required to prove that he or she actually suffered mental distress. Wulf v. Opp, 12th Dist.
Clermont No. CA2014-10-074, 2015-Ohio-3285, ¶ 10; State v. Horsley, 10th Dist. Franklin
No. 05AP-350, 2006-Ohio-1208, ¶ 47. Instead, menacing by stalking only requires proof that
the offender's pattern of conduct would cause the victim to believe that the offender will
cause the victim mental distress.
{¶ 19} A trial court's decision to grant or deny a DVCPO will not be reversed where
such decision is supported by the manifest weight of the evidence. Caramico v. Caramico,
12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2015-03-025, 2015-Ohio-4232, ¶ 26. Under a manifest weight
challenge, a judgment will not be reversed as long as the judgment is supported by some
competent, credible evidence going to all essential elements of the case. Id. The appellate
court must be guided by a presumption that the trial court's factual findings are correct
because the trial judge is best able to view the witnesses and observe their demeanor and
use these observations in weighing the credibility of the proffered testimony. McBride v.
McBride, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2011-03-061, 2012-Ohio-2146, ¶ 11.
{¶ 20} The trial court adopted the magistrate's decision granting the DVCPO on the
grounds that Beatrice proved menacing by stalking. The court cited Beatrice's testimony of
Larry's repeated conduct appearing where she was and that he admitted to installing a -5- Warren CA2016-04-033
tracking device in her car. Furthermore, the court noted that Beatrice testified that the
stalking conduct had caused her to "break down."
{¶ 21} After thoroughly reviewing the record, we find that competent and credible
evidence supports the trial court's decision. The evidence established a pattern of stalking
conduct. It is undisputed that Larry secretly installed a tracking device in his estranged wife's
vehicle. Then, on at least five occasions, Larry appeared in the same area as Beatrice when
she was out with family, friends, or running errands. This conduct also involved taking steps
to ensure he would be close to and seen by Beatrice, such as pulling up alongside her in his
vehicle.
{¶ 22} Larry also informed Beatrice that he was aware that she had turned off the
tracking function on her cell phone, which indicated he was actively monitoring her location.
Finally, Larry contacted Beatrice and made a comment about not being scared of state
troopers who lived at Beatrice's apartment complex. This comment indicated that Larry knew
where Beatrice was living. Furthermore, the statement intimated a violent act that would
necessitate police involvement. The trial court did not believe Larry's claim that he was not
stalking his wife and that these were merely chance encounters. We generally defer to the
factfinder on matters of witness credibility. And there is nothing in the record that would
make us second guess the court's judgment.
{¶ 23} We also conclude that competent and credible evidence supports the
conclusion that Larry acted knowingly, i.e., that he knew his conduct would probably cause
Beatrice to believe that he intended to cause her mental distress. Larry would have known
that secretly installing a tracking device in his estranged wife's car, following her or appearing
in places where she would be, and implying that her home is not a safe place, would cause
her and the average person to suffer mental distress. And in fact, Beatrice testified that she
suffered a breakdown. -6- Warren CA2016-04-033
{¶ 24} Larry cites Partin v. Morrison, 12th Dist. Brown No. CA2015-01-003, 2015-
Ohio-4740, where this court reversed the issuance of a DVCPO on what he asserts was far
more evidence than presented in this case. In Partin we concluded that the petitioner failed
to offer credible evidence that the respondent threatened her. Id. at ¶ 14, 16. And she only
testified that the respondent's conduct caused her to fear for her safety but did not testify as
to any other temporary and substantial mental incapacity. Id. at ¶ 21. However, Beatrice
presented evidence of Larry's stalking conduct and of mental distress she suffered that went
beyond fearing for safety but culminated in a mental breakdown. Accordingly, Partin is
distinguishable. In sum, we conclude that competent and credible evidence supports the trial
court's decision to grant Beatrice a DVCPO and Larry's sole assignment of error is meritless
and hereby overruled.
{¶ 25} Judgment affirmed.
S. POWELL, P.J., and RINGLAND, J., concur.
-7-