Baron v. Laundress, LLC

2026 NY Slip Op 30734(U)

• Court: New York Supreme Court, New York County
• Decided: February 26, 2026
• Docket: Index No. 161675/2023
• Status: Unpublished
• Author: Dakota D. Ramseur

Opinion

Baron v Laundress, LLC 2026 NY Slip Op 30734(U) February 26, 2026 Supreme Court, New York County Docket Number: Index No. 161675/2023 Judge: Dakota D. Ramseur Cases posted with a "30000" identifier, i.e., 2013 NY Slip Op 30001(U), are republished from various New York State and local government sources, including the New York State Unified Court System's eCourts Service. This opinion is uncorrected and not selected for official publication.

file:///LRB-ALB-FS1/Vol1/ecourts/Process/covers/NYSUP.1616752023.NEW_YORK.001.LBLX038_TO.html[03/11/2026 3:45:51 PM] !FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 02/27/2026 10:26 AM! INDEX NO. 161675/2023 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 43 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 02/26/2026

SUPREME COURT OF THE STA TE OF NEW YORK NEW YORK COUNTY

PRESENT: HON. DAKOTA D. RAMSEUR PART 34M Justice ----·-------------------------------------------X INDEX NO. 161675/2023 ROBERTA BARON, MOTION DATE 05/17/2024 Plaintiff, MOTION SEQ. NO. 004 - V -

THE LAUNDRESS, LLC,CONOPCO, INC.,UNILEVER UNITED STATES, INC.,JOHN DOES AND JANE DOES #1- DECISION + ORDER ON 10, XYZ CORP. #1-10 MOTION

Defendant. ------------------------------------------------------X

The following e-filed documents, listed by NYSCEF document number (Motion 004) 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 were read on this motion to/for DISMISS

On November 30, 2023, plaintiff Roberta Baron commenced the instant personal injury

and products liability action against defendants The Laundress, LLC (hereinafter, "The

Laundress"), Conopco, Inc. d/b/a Unilever ("Conopco"), and Unilever United States, Inc.

("Unilever") (with Conopco, "corporate defendants"). Plaintiff asserts causes of action for

manufacturing defect, failure to warn, design defect, negligence, negligent misrepresentation,

fraudulent misrepresentation, fraudulent concealment, violation of New York General Business

Law§§ 349 and 350, violation of New Jersey Consumer Protection Act§ 56:8-1, unjust

enrichment, and breach of express and implied warranties. In Motion Sequence 004 corporate

defendants move to dismiss each of these causes of action pursuant CPLR § 321 l(a)(7) for

failure to state a cause of action. Plaintiff opposes the motion in its entirety. (See NYSCEF doc.

no. 31, plaintiff's memo oflaw.) 1

1 In Hernandez v The laundress, llC (NYSCEF index no. 15869/2023), The Laundress moved to consolidate it with this action and Kong v. The laundress, llC, et. al., (NYSCEF index no. 153041/2024). That motion is unopposed and was granted pursuant to a separate order dated February 20, 2026. The Court also notes that it 161675/2023 BARON, ROBERTA vs. THE LAUNDRESS, LLC ET AL Page 1 of 12 Motion No. 004

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BACKGROUND

In her amended complaint, plaintiff alleges that she regularly purchased and used as

many as 16 products produced by The Laundress between 2017 and 2022, including,

specifically, on March 14, 2020, January 27, 2021, and September 26, 2021. (NYSCEF doc. no.

22, ,r 66.) These products included: All-Purpose Bleach Alternative, Crease Release Classic,

Glass and Mirror Cleaner, Scented Vinegar No. 247, Hand Soap, Home Spray No. 247, Kitchen

Soap Bar Classic, Signature Detergent. (Id.)

On or about December 1, 2022, defendants issued a recall of The Laundress's products,

including those sold to consumers between January 2021 and September 2022. The recall was

precipitated by the possible presence of three life- or health-threatening bacteria, Burkholderia

cepacian, Klebsiella aerogenes, and Pseudomanas. The recall notified the public that the

company was already aware of eleven consumers who had reported pseudomonas infections. (Id.

at ,r,r 27, 30.) The amended complaint further states that plaintiff used products that were a part

of the recall instigated by The Laundress including but not limited to, "lot codes beginning with

the prefix F and the last four digits numbered 93 54 or less, lot codes beginning with the prefix H

and the last four digits numbered 2262 or less, and lot codes beginning with the prefix T and the

last four digits numbered 5264 or less." (Id. at ,r 68.) As a result of using these products on her

persons and in her home, plaintiff alleges that she contracted a bronchial Pseudomanas infection,

which caused her to suffer physical and emotional injuries as well as economic loss in the form

resolved The Laundress's motion to dismiss in these two other cases in separate decisions. Moreover, unlike in Kong v The Laundress, here, the parties have not executed a stipulation of discontinuance against Conopco.

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of medical bills, lost wages, and loss of personal property. (Id. at 1 81.) As discussed below,

however, the amended complaint does not allege that she underwent diagnostic testing that

revealed a positive result, was otherwise formally diagnosed and treated for an infection by her

doctors, or identify the specific strain of Pseudomanas bacteria that she contracted.

DISCUSSION

Pursuant to CPLR § 321 l(a)(7), "[a] party may move for judgment dismissing one or

more causes of action against him on the ground that ... the pleading fails to state a cause of

action." When it considers a motion to dismiss for failure to state a cause of action, the court

accepts the facts in the complaint as true, gives plaintiff the benefit of every possible favorable

inference, and determines only whether the facts as alleged fit within any cognizable legal

theory. (Connaughton v Chipotle Mexican Grill Inc., 26 NY3d 137, 141 [2017]; see Goshen v

Mutual Life Ins. Co. of NY, 98 NY2d 314, 326 [2002].) The court considers whether the

plaintiff has a cause of action, not whether he has simply stated one. (Leon v Martinez, 84 NY2d

83, 88 [1994].) Accordingly, the court's role in a motion to dismiss is not to determine whether

a plaintiff can ultimately establish its allegations, or whether there is evidentiary support for the

complaint. (See EBC L Inc., v Goldman, Sachs & Co., 5 NY3d 11, 19 [2005]; Frank v

DaimlerChrysler Corp., 292 AD2d 118, 120-21 [1st Dept 2002].)

Dismissal Against Unilever and Conopco

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At the outset, defendants raise two arguments as to why dismissal is required against

Unilever and Conopco. First, they maintain that the complaint amounts to an improper group

pleading and should be dismissed under Principia Partners LLC v Swap Fin. Group (194 AD3d

658 [1st Dept 2021]). This argument, however, is unavailing as plaintiff does, throughout the

complaint, distinguish between The Laundress and its corporate owners Unilever and Conopco.

(See NYSCEF doc. no. 22,113, 4, 15-22.) Second, defendants contend that plaintiff has not pled

sufficient facts to pierce the corporate veil between these two defendants and their subsidiary.

(See Horowitz v Aetna Life Ins. Co., 148 AD2d 584,586 [2d Dept 1989] ["A parent company is

not liable for the torts of its subsidiary, even if it is a wholly owned subsidiary, unless it can be

shown that the parent's control over the subsidiary disregards its corporate independence."]) This

argument is likewise unpersuasive. Generally, a fact-laden claim to pierce the corporate veil is

unsuited for resolution on pre-discovery motions to dismiss. (Cortland St. Recovery Corp. v

Bonderman (31 NY3d 30, 47 [2018], citing Holme v Global Mins. & Metals Corp., 63 AD3d

417 [1st Dept 2009].) Nonetheless, a plaintiff must do more than merely allege that the defendant

engaged in improper acts or acted in bad faith while representing the corporation. (East Hampton

Union Free School Dist. V Sandpebble Bldrs. Inc., 16 NY3d 775, 776 [2011].) It must

"adequately allege the existence of a corporate obligation and that defendant exercised complete

domination and control over the corporation and abused the privilege of doing business in the

corporate form to perpetrate a wrong or injustice. (Id., quoting Matter of Morris v New York

State Dept. ofTaxation & Fin., 82 NY2d 135, 140 [1993] [internal quotations omitted].) At this

juncture, the Court finds that plaintiff has established the basic elements of a veil piercing claim,

as she has alleged that Conopco and Unilever: (1) have integrated manufacturing, sales, and

distribution systems with The Laundress; (2) share a number of officers, directors and employees

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with The Laundress; (3) own a majority or all of The Laundress's stock after acquiring the

company in 2019; and (4) continue to exert excessive control over the Laundress even though the

company operates from its New York City headquarters. (NYSCEF doc. no. 22, ,i,i 17-22; 23;

81.) For this same reason, the branch of the motion seeking dismissal of plaintiffs cause of

action under New Jersey's Consumer Protection Act must also be denied. Defendants correctly

point out that this cause of action is entirely premised on Conopco and Unilever being New

Jersey-based corporation and proper parties to this action. However, since the Court has found

that plaintiff has properly pied veil-piercing causes of action against them, and since defendants'

raise no substantive grounds for dismissal under the act itself, they are not entitled to such relief.

Whether Plaintiff Has Adequately Alleged Proximate Causation

To establish proximate cause, plaintiff must show that defendants' conduct was a

substantial cause of plaintiffs injury. (Rindler v Lenox Hill Neighborhood House, Inc., 217

AD3d 440,441 [1st Dept 2023].) Defendants argue that plaintiff has failed to connect her use of

The Laundress's products to her alleged pseudomonas infection. In defendants' view, because

plaintiff does not identify a specific strain of pseudomonas or give a precise timeline of her

infection, plaintiff's allegations do not give rise to a "plausible" inference that their products

caused plaintiff's injuries. Yet, as the Court found in the related action Hernandez v The

Laundress (NYSCEF index no. 158697/2023), under New York's lenient notice pleading

standard (see CPLR 3013), the failure to identify the specific strain of pseudomonas is not a fatal

defect so long as plaintiff has supplied sufficient facts from which one could conclude she was

exposed to the pseudomonas bacteria. And, as in Kong v The Laundress (NYSCEF doc. no.

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15 3041 /2024 ), the fact that the recall was issued over a potential contamination is not dispositive

either, as this would require plaintiff to show that their infection was not the result of some other

source of contamination. In both cases, the Court concluded that the plaintiff had squarely

demonstrated that exposure to defendants' products could be a "substantial cause" for their

mJunes.

The same holds here: she alleges that (1) from approximately 2017 through 2022, she

regularly purchased and used products from The Laundress, including on March 14, 2020,

January 27, 2021, and September 26, 2021; (2) she was exposed to the pseudomonas bacteria as

a result, (3) on December 1, 2022, the Laundress issued a recall of products totaling at least eight

million individual items; (4) the products she used were specifically included in The Laundress

product recall; and (5) she contracted a bronchial pseudomonas infection and personal injuries as

a result of using The Laundress products. (NYSCEF doc. no. 22, ,r,r 27, 66-81.) Lastly, the Court

notes that, in a federal class action lawsuit against The Laundress, concerning the same recall

that is at issue here, the Southern District of New York denied The Laundress's motion to

dismiss for failure to plead proximate causation. (See NYSCEF doc. no. 34, Ostenfeld v The

Laundress, 22-CV-10667 [JMF] [SDNY 2024].) In doing so, it determined the plaintiffs had

sufficiently pled the substantial factor test by alleging that they were exposed to the three types

of bacteria found in the defendants' products, testing that showed the presence of bacteria in their

culture, and subsequent injuries were sufficient at the pleading stage to meet the substantial

factor test. (Id. at 20-21.) Accordingly, defendants are not entitled to dismissal on these grounds.

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Dismissal of Plaintiff's Fraudulent Misrepresentation, Fraudulent Concealment, and Negligent

Misrepresentation Claims

To state a cause of action for fraudulent misrepresentation, "a plaintiff must allege ' [ 1] a

misrepresentation or a material omission of fact which was [2] false and known to be false by

defendant, [3] made for the purpose of inducing the other party to rely upon it, and [4] justifiable

reliance of the other party on the misrepresentation or material omission, and injury. "'(Mandarin

Trading Ltd. v Wildenstein, 16 NY3d 173, 178 [2011 ], quoting Lama Holding Co. v Smith

Barney, 88 NY2d 413,421 [1996]; see also Gomez-Jimenez v New York Law Sch., 103 AD3d

13, 17-18 [1st Dept 2012].) For fraudulent concealment, in addition to the four factors described

above, the plaintiff must allege that defendant had a duty to disclose material information and

failed to do so. (Gomez-Jimenez, 103 AD3d at 18.) The duty to disclose may arise where a

fiduciary duty exists between the plaintiff and defendant or, under the "special facts" doctrine,

where the defendant has superior knowledge of essential facts that would render the transaction

inherently unfair in the absence of disclosure. (Greenman-Pedersen, Inc, v Berryman & Henigar,

Inc., 130 AD3d 514,516 [1st Dept 2015]; LMMCapital Partners, LLC v Mill Point Capital,

LLC, 224 AD3d 504, 508 [1st Dept 2024].) CPLR § 3016 (b) requires a plaintiff asserting a

fraud-based cause of action to describe the circumstances constituting the wrong in detail. (See

CPLR 3016 [b].) In construing this provision, however, courts must be wary that the misconduct

complained of need only be set forth "in sufficient detail to clearly inform a defendant with

respect to the incidents complained of' and not "so strictly as to prevent an otherwise valid cause

of action where it may be 'impossible to state in detail the circumstances constituting a fraud."

(Lanzi v Brooks, 43 NY2d 778, 780 [1977].)

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Plaintiffs fraudulent misrepresentation claim is premised on ten statements that allegedly

defendants made that they knew to be false. In paragraph 133, plaintiff alleges that defendants

marketed their products as (1) "safe," (2) "safe for everyday use," (3) "safe for human exposure,"

(4) "healthier products than ordinary or competitor cleaning products," (5) "non-hazardous," (6)

"non-toxic," (7) "utilizing natural ingredients and eco-friendly chemicals that are allegedly better

for customers' bodies and the environment," (8) "premium or luxury quality," (9) "effective,"

and (10) "reliable." (NYSCEF doc. no. 22 at ifl33.) At the outset, defendants are correct that the

statements "premium or luxury quality," "effective," and "reliable" are non-actionable puffery.

(See Matter ofSundial Growers, Inc.Sec. Litig., 191 AD3d 543,544 [1st Dept 2021] [finding

"high-quality" and "premium" to be non-action puffery].) 2 However, the remaining statements

are all adequately pled. Defendants contend that, while identifying the purported

misrepresentations, the amended complaint does not attribute any of them to a specific entity,

identify which statements she encountered on third-party websites, or explain how the statements

are false. However, the amended complaint does, in fact, attribute these statements to defendants

"falsely marketing and selling their products." (Id.) The reference to a third-party in paragraph

133 refers to places where customers could purchase The Laundress's products-not to third-

party entities that made separate representations. And to the extent plaintiff does not explain

within paragraph 133 how each statement is false, the manner in which these statements are

allegedly false is laid out in the complaint as a whole. (Id. at if66-76.) This finding comports with

the federal class action decision as well. (See NYSCEF doc. no. 34, Ostenfeld v The Laundress,

22-CV-10667 at 15-16 [SDNY 2024] [finding plaintiffs sufficiently allege that The Laundress'

2Since plaintiffs opposition did not address whether these statements were puffery, the Court considers a fraudulent misrepresentation claim based on them to have been abandoned. 161675/2023 BARON, ROBERTA vs. THE LAUNDRESS, LLC ET AL Page 8 of 12 Motion No. 004

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labeling and advertisement of its products as "non-toxic" was likely to mislead a reasonable

customer].)

Next, defendants contend that plaintiff's amended complaint fails to allege that it knew

these representations to be false, at the time they were made, beyond mere speculation and

conclusory allegations. More specifically, in its view, the assertion "defendants knew or had

reason to know that The Laundress's products contained ... the bacteria while the contaminated

Products were being manufactured, distributed, and sold" (NYSCEF doc. no. 22 at 135) is based

solely on speculation. Yet their memorandum of law acknowledges that prior to the December 1

recall, testing and consumer reports confirmed the presence of bacteria in their products. (See

NYSCEF doc. no. 28 at 13; NYSCEF doc. no. 22 at 1127-32, 46.) And, while they suggest these

reports were received after plaintiff stopped purchasing their products, nothing in their motion

papers definitively establishes this timeline. As to plaintiff's fraudulent concealment claim,

defendants contend that the parties did not enjoy a fiduciary relationship, and the special facts

doctrine does not apply because it did not possess superior knowledge which would require

disclosure. However, as discussed above, plaintiff has adequately alleged that defendants knew

of a possibility of contamination, a fact peculiarly within its knowledge, while still selling its

products to potential consumers like plaintiff before the December 1, 2022 recall. (See P. T Bank

Cent. Asia v ABN AMRO Bank NV, 301 AD2d 373,378 [1st Dept 2003] [finding that, while

evidence may come to light that demonstrates the defendants did not knowingly make a

misrepresentation, dismissal is inappropriate based solely on allegations in the complaint].)

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Plaintiffs negligent misrepresentation cause of action, however, must be dismissed. To

properly state this cause of action, the plaintiff must allege the existence of a special or privity-

like relationship that would impose a duty on defendant to correct information. (JA. 0.

Acquisition Corp v Stavitsky, 8 NY3d 144, 148 [2007].) Liability for negligent misrepresentation

may only be imposed on those persons who possess unique or specialized expertise, or who are

in a special position of confidence and trust with the injured party such that reliance on the

negligent misrepresentation is justified. (Murphy v Kuhn, 90 AD NY2d 266, 270 [1997]; North

Star Contr. Corp. v MTA Capital Constr. Co., 120 AD3d 1066, 1069 [1st Dept 2014] [ "A court

will find a special relationship if the record supports 'a relationship so close as to approach that

of privity, or, stated another way, the 'functional equivalent of contractual privity'"] [internal

citations omitted].) Here, because (1) plaintiffs theory ofliability is based on her purchase of

defendants' products as an ordinary consumer, and (2) the alleged negligent misrepresentation

occurred as part of defendants' false advertising and/or marketing, i.e., the statements that were

not made directly to her, plaintiff has not, and cannot, allege that defendants were in a "special

position of confidence and trust" with her or that their relationship was so close as to be the

functional equivalent of contractual privity.

Plaintiff's New York Statutory Claims

In one way or another, the Court has already addressed each of defendants' three

arguments as to why plaintiff has failed to state causes of action under GBL §§ 349 and 350.

Plaintiff has adequately alleged false and misleading conduct (supra at 4-5), that they knew their

representations were false (supra at 5), and that they had this knowledge at the time plaintiff

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purchased their products (supra at 5). 3 Defendants cite to In re Sling (202 F Supp 3d 352 [SDNY

2016]) and Harris v Pfizer, Inc. (586 F Supp 3d 231 [SDNY 2022]) in support of the proposition

that plaintiff did not adequately allege that they had knowledge of the contamination at the time

of the sale. In both cases, though, the motions were brought under the stricter "plausibility"

standard of Rule 12 (b) of the Federal Rule of Civil Procedures than what is required under

CPLR 3211 (a) (7). (See In Re Sling, 202 F Supp 3d at 359 ["Plaintiffs have failed to plead facts

sufficient to lead to the reasonable inference that [the defendant] ... engaged in a deceptive or

misleading act or practice"], citing Ashcroft v Iqbal, 556 US 662 [2009]; Harris, 586 F Supp 3d

at 242 [dismissing GBL §§ 249 and 250 claims where the allegations were not "sufficient to

plausibly establish that Pfizer knew about the nitrosamine contamination"].)

Unjust Enrichment

Defendant argues that plaintiffs unjust enrichment claim should be dismissed as it is

duplicative of her other claims and she already has an adequate remedy at law. Since plaintiff

does not oppose this branch of the motion, it is granted.

Punitive Damages

Punitive damages may be granted when the nature of a party's conduct has a high degree

of moral culpability which manifests as the conscious disregard of the rights of other or conduct

that may constitute willful or wanton negligence or recklessness. (Home Ins. Co. v American

3 Defendants' motion does not raise an issue as to whether its conduct was consumer oriented. 161675/2023 BARON, ROBERTA vs. THE LAUNDRESS, LLC ET AL Page 11 of 12 Motion No. 004

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Home Prods. Corp., 75 NY2d 196, 204 [1990].) Under New York law, putative damages have

been sanctioned in actions based on both negligence and strict liability. However, "the injury

must be shown to be emblematic of much more than individually sustained wrong. It must be

shown to reflect pervasive and grave misconduct affecting the public generally, to, in a sense,

merge with a serious public grievance, and thus merit punitive, indeed quasi-criminal sanction by

the State." (Fabiano v Philip Morris Inc., 54 AD3d 146, 151 [1st Dept 2008] [internal citations

omitted]; see Sciafani v Brother Jimmy's BBQ, Inc., 88 AD3d 515, 567-568 [1st Dept 2011].)

Given the high degree of moral culpability and reckless disregard for the rights of consumers that

would be reflected by defendants' conduct should plaintiff demonstrate, as alleged, that

defendants knew of or should have known of the bacterial contamination in its products yet still

manufactured, distributed, and sold to consumers, the Court finds dismissal premature.

The Court has considered all remaining grounds for dismissal and found them unavailing. Accordingly, for the foregoing reasons, it is hereby,

ORDERED that defendants' motion to dismiss pursuant to CPLR 3211 (a)(7) is granted to the extent of dismissing plaintiff's causes of action for negligent misrepresentation and unjust enrichment, but otherwise denied; and it is further

ORDERED that counsel for plaintiff shall serve a copy of this order, along with notice of entry, on all parties within twenty (20) days of entry.

This constitutes the Decision and Order of the Court.

2/26/2026 DATE

~ CHECK ONE: CASE DISPOSED NON-FINAL DISPOSITION

GRANTED □ DENIED GRANTED IN PART □ OTHER APPLICATION: SETTLE ORDER SUBMIT ORDER

CHECK IF APPROPRIATE: INCLUDES TRANSFER/REASSIGN FIDUCIARY APPOINTMENT □ REFERENCE

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