Bankunited v. Velcich

2015 IL App (1st) 132070, 26 N.E.3d 408

• Court: Appellate Court of Illinois
• Decided: January 12, 2015
• Docket: 1-13-2070
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

2015 IL App (1st) 132070

FIRST DIVISION January 12, 2015

No. 1-13-2070

BANKUNITED, ) Appeal from the ) Circuit Court of Plaintiff-Appellee, ) Cook County. ) v. ) ) DINO S. VELCICH, ) No. 11 CH 28298 ) Defendant-Appellant ) ) (Maria Nascimento, Unknown Owners, and ) Nonrecord Claimants, ) Honorable ) Darryl B. Simko, Defendants). ) Judge Presiding.

JUSTICE HARRIS delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion. Presiding Justice Delort and Justice Connors concurred in the judgment and opinion.

OPINION

¶1 Plaintiff, BankUnited brought this mortgage foreclosure action against defendant, Dino

Velcich, who, along with codefendant Maria Nascimento, 1 executed a promissory note with

plaintiff secured by a mortgage on property commonly known as 2707 West Medill Avenue, in

Chicago, Illinois. The circuit court entered an order of default and a judgment of foreclosure

and sale. After the sale of the property, the circuit court entered an order confirming the sale.

Within 30 days of the entry of the order of the confirmation of the sale, defendant appeared and

filed an emergency motion to quash service, which the circuit court denied.

1 Nascimento did not contest plaintiff's suit and is not a party to this appeal. No. 1-13-2070

¶2 Defendant raises two issues for our review: (1) whether the affidavits plaintiff relied upon

to effectuate service of process upon him were based on the affiant's personal knowledge and

sufficiently set forth the particular actions taken to serve him to satisfy section 2-206 of the

Illinois Code of Civil Procedure (Code) (735 ILCS 5/2-206 (West 2010)) and local rule 7.3

(Cook Co. Cir. Ct. R. 7.3 (Oct. 1, 1996)); and (2) whether plaintiff's affidavit of service by

publication speaks the truth and complies with section 2-206 of the Code (735 ILCS 5/2-206

(West 2010)) 2 where plaintiff stated defendant's residence was unknown despite a diligent

inquiry. We hold plaintiff's affidavits were based on the affiant's personal knowledge and set

forth the specific actions taken to determine defendant's whereabouts to justify service by

publication in accordance with section 2-206(a) of the Code and local rule 7.3. 735 ILCS

5/2-206(a) (West 2010); Cook Co. Cir. Ct. R. 7.3 (Oct. 1, 1996). We also hold that plaintiff did

not improperly fail to state defendant's residence in its affidavit for service by publication

because there is no evidence in the record that plaintiff knew where defendant resided.

¶3 JURISDICTION

¶4 On May 24, 2013, the circuit court denied defendant's motion to quash service. On June

19, 2013, defendant timely appealed. Accordingly, this court has jurisdiction pursuant to

Illinois Supreme Court Rules 301 and 303 governing appeals from final judgments entered

below. Ill. S. Ct. R. 301 (eff. Feb. 1, 1994); R. 303 (eff. May 30, 2008).

¶5 BACKGROUND

¶6 Defendant and codefendant Maria Nascimento executed a promissory note with plaintiff in

the amount of $535,500. The note was secured by a mortgage on the property located at the

2 Under this second issue, defendant does not allege plaintiff violated local rule 7.3. Cook Co. Cir. Ct. R. 7.3 (Oct. 1, 1996).

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common address of 2707 West Medill Avenue, in Chicago, Illinois. On August 10, 2011,

plaintiff filed a complaint to foreclose the mortgage. Plaintiff hired a private detective agency,

Firefly Legal, Inc., to locate and serve defendant.

¶7 The record contains multiple affidavits from three Firefly Legal process servers describing

their attempts to serve defendant. The process servers first attempted to serve defendant in

August of 2011 at five different addresses, all located in Chicago. All of the affidavits are signed

by the respective affiant and notarized. They also all state that "after due search, careful inquiry

and diligent attempts *** I have been unable to effect process" before stating a reason why service

was unsuccessful.

¶8 In an affidavit notarized on August 26, 2011, process server Beth McMaster attested that

on August 8, 2011, at 8:10 p.m., she attempted service upon defendant at 4218 West Thorndale.

As a reason for nonservice, McMaster stated that she "spoke to the defendant's niece who stated

that the defendant will be out of town for the next month or two and that she was house-sitting

while her aunt was away." The niece gave McMaster a phone number for defendant. The

registration for the phone indicated defendant's address as 5701 Patterson Avenue. In a different,

yet similar affidavit, McMaster attested that she attempted to serve codefendant Maria Nascimento

at the same address at the same time and similarly stated that she had spoken to defendant's niece,

who told her that she was house-sitting for her aunt.

¶9 The record contains three affidavits from process server Steven Stosur regarding his

attempts to serve defendant in August of 2011. In an affidavit notarized on August 19, 2011,

Stosur attested that he attempted to serve defendant at 4065 North Elston Avenue at 1:58 p.m. on

August 14, 2011, and at 11:17 a.m. on August 16, 2011. Stosur attested that the property was a

law office and that an administrative assistant identified defendant as an owner of the property who

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did not live there. The administrative assistant indicated to Stosur that defendant ran a business at

the address, but that it had been shut down in 2009.

¶ 10 In an affidavit notarized on August 15, 2011, Stosur attested that he attempted to serve

defendant at 2707 West Medill Avenue at 3.55 p.m. on August 14, 2011. Stosur stated that he

was unable to serve defendant because a resident "said the defendant is the landlord who does not

live here and comes by to pick up the rent. She does not know where defendant lives."

Defendant was not listed on the mailbox or door bells

¶ 11 Stosur attested in an affidavit notarized on August 15, 2011, that he attempted service on

defendant on August 14, 2011, at 7:09 p.m. at 5701 West Patterson Avenue. Stosur stated that he

spoke to a resident of the second floor of the two-flat building. The resident had not heard of

defendant. The first floor of the building was vacant. Defendant's name was not listed on the

mail box or door bell.

¶ 12 Process server Nicholas Baker attested in an affidavit notarized on August 24, 2011, that he

attempted service on defendant on August 23, 2011 at 1 p.m. at 1515 West Chestnut Street. The

current resident informed Baker that defendant was "unknown at this address."

¶ 13 Due to plaintiff's inability to serve defendant in August of 2011, plaintiff sought and

obtained a first alias mortgage foreclosure summons on May 10, 2012. Plaintiff filed two

affidavits from process server Steven Stosur showing his attempts at service on defendant in May

and June of 2012 at two Chicago addresses: 2707 West Medill Avenue and 4218 W. Thorndale

Avenue. In an affidavit notarized on May 30, 2012, Stosur attested that he attempted service

upon defendant at 7:40 p.m. at 2707 West Medill Avenue. Stosur attested that he again spoke to a

"Mrs. Williamson," who informed him that defendant does not live at the property but is the

landlord and visits the property to collect rent.

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¶ 14 In an affidavit notarized on June 13, 2012, Stosur attested that he attempted service upon

defendant seven times between June 2, 2012, and June 8, 2012, at 4218 West Thorndale Avenue.

Specifically, Stosur attested he attempted service on the following dates and times: 4:48p.m., on

June 2; 2:01 p.m. on June 4; 10:21 a.m. on June 5; and 9:46 p.m. on June 6. Stosur stated that he

made three additional attempts, at 4:27 p.m., 4:28 p.m., and 6:50 p.m. respectively, on June 8,

2012. As a reason for nonservice, Stosur attested:

"Attempts were made at this address; however no contact could be made with the

defendant at this address. There is no evidence that the property is vacant. This is

a townhouse. There are no names on the doorbell or mailbox. I rang the bell and

knocked on the door. I cannot see inside the property. There is no access to the

rear of the property."

¶ 15 On July 16, 2012, plaintiff filed an affidavit for service by publication. In the affidavit,

counsel stated defendant could not be served because he could not be found upon diligent inquiry.

Counsel attached an affidavit from Michelle Bibeau outlining the steps she took to find defendant

utilizing various databases and searches. Bibeau stated defendant's last known address was 2707

West Medill Avenue in Chicago. Bibeau attested that she "made due and diligent search and

inquiry to discover the name and/or alternative current residence of [defendant] searching public

and non-public databases." Bibeau stated that despite her "diligent search and inquiry," she was

unable to determine defendant's current whereabouts or his current residence. She outlined the

various avenues she took in her attempts to locate defendant as follows. An "inquiry of credit

information," which included defendant's social security number, revealed an address of 2707

West Medill Avenue, in Chicago. The following 10 searches, however, were unable to provide a

residence or alternative address for defendant: directory assistance; driver's license; motor vehicle;

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voter registration; Department of State, professional license; "Nationwide Masterfile Death

Search"; federal, state, and county departments of corrections; and property tax records.

Accordingly, notice to defendant by publication occurred on July 18, 25, and August 1, 2012, in

the Chicago Daily Law Bulletin.

¶ 16 On August 23, 2012, plaintiff filed a motion for default judgment of foreclosure and sale.

On September 17, 2012, the circuit court granted plaintiff's motion, and entered a judgment of

foreclosure and sale and an order of default.

¶ 17 After the sale of the property, plaintiff filed a motion for order approving the report of sale

and distribution; confirmation of the sale; order for possession; and an in rem deficiency judgment

on January 31, 2013. On February 28, 2013, the circuit court granted the motion and entered an

order approving the report of sale and distribution, confirming the sale, and an order of possession

and an in rem deficiency judgment.

¶ 18 On March 28, 2013, defendant filed an appearance and emergency motion to quash

service. Relevant here, defendant argued that plaintiff's affidavits of service were improper and

did not support service by publication because they were made in the passive voice, did not

identify the person who attempted service upon defendant, and did not set forth with particularity

the actions plaintiff took to serve him. Defendant also questioned the truth of the affidavits based

on his own affidavits that he attached to his motion. Defendant, in his affidavit, attested that

during the time of service he lived at 4218 West Thorndale and worked at 4065 North Elston. He

alleged his name and his wife's name were listed on the mailbox, and provided a picture of his

mailbox. Defendant further attested that upon due inquiry and due diligence, plaintiff could have

personally served him at either his home on 4218 West Thorndale or at his work at 4065 North

Elston. Defendant also attached an affidavit from Ana Claudia Neves, who stated that she

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worked at the office at 4065 North Elston Avenue at the time of service. She stated it was her

responsibility to answer the door and attested that, "If anyone would have rang the doorbell ***

during 2011 or 2012 asking for [defendant], I would have either retrieved [defendant] from his

office or told the person asking for [defendant] when he would be back in the office." She denied

that she would have stated that defendant's business had closed. Accordingly, defendant argued

that plaintiff failed to show due inquiry or due diligence in attempting to serve him.

¶ 19 In response, plaintiff argued that it strictly complied with the rules of service and submitted

affidavits showing that upon diligent inquiry, defendant could not be located. Plaintiff disputed

defendant's challenge to its affidavits, arguing that its affidavits specified and named each of the

relevant process servers. Plaintiff disputed the relevance of the photographs defendant attached

to its motion, noting that they were dated March 28, 2013, and not at the time of service.

¶ 20 In reply, defendant reiterated his prior arguments and added that plaintiff's affidavit for

service did not speak the truth because the affidavits failed to state defendant's residence as 4218

West Thorndale.

¶ 21 A hearing occurred on May 24, 2013. 3 On that same day, the circuit court denied

defendant's motion to quash service. The written order stated that "all parties present and the

court being fully advised." On June 19, 2013, defendant timely appealed.

¶ 22 ANALYSIS

¶ 23 Defendant raises two issues for our review. First, he argues that the affidavits plaintiff

relied upon to effectuate service of process by publication upon him were passive voice

recitations and do not set forth the particular actions taken to serve him. Accordingly, he argues

3 As discussed supra, there is no transcript, bystanders report, or agreed statement of facts in the record for the hearing that occurred on May 24, 2013.

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plaintiff's affidavits do not support service of process by publication under section 2-206 of the

Code (735 ILCS 5/2-206 (West 2010)) or local rule 7.3 (Cook Co. Cir. Ct. R. 7.3 (Oct. 1, 1996)).

Defendant relies solely on this court's decision in Deutsche Bank National Trust Co. v. Brewer,

2012 IL App (1st) 111213, in making this argument. Second, defendant argues that plaintiff's

affidavit for service by publication does not speak the truth and does not comply with section

2-206 of the Code (735 ILCS 5/2-206 (West 2010)) 4 because, despite its knowledge that

defendant resided at 4218 West Thorndale, plaintiff failed to state defendant resided there in its

affidavit for service by publication. Defendant did not file a reply brief before this court.

¶ 24 In response, plaintiff argues it strictly complied with both section 2-206 of the Code (735

ILCS 5/2-206 (West 2010)) and local rule 7.3 (Cook Co. Cir. Ct. R. 7.3 (Oct. 1, 1996)).

Specifically, plaintiff argues that the affidavits it filed in the circuit court show that the affiants

had personal knowledge of the multiple attempts at both serving defendant, and at trying to

locate him through various methods. According to plaintiff, this court's decision in Brewer,

2012 IL App (1st) 111213, is distinguishable because the affidavits in this case identify the

affiant and attest to the affiant's personal knowledge. Regarding defendant's argument that it

knew of defendant's residence at 4218 West Thorndale, plaintiff argues that defendants'

contention is not supported by the record.

¶ 25 Initially, we must make note of the record before us. The record shows that defendant's

motion to quash service was fully briefed and set for hearing on May 24, 2013. Defendant,

however, failed to include in the record a transcript of the May 24, 2013, proceedings, or a

bystanders report, or agreed statement of facts as required by Illinois Supreme Court Rule 323

4 Under this second issue, defendant does not allege plaintiff violated local rule 7.3. Cook Co. Cir. Ct. R. 7.3 (Oct. 1, 1996).

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(eff. Dec. 13, 2005). The record only contains a one-page written order denying defendant's

motion to quash and noting that "all parties present and the court being fully advised." As such,

nothing further is in the record showing what occurred at the May 24, 2013, hearing. We do

not know if the court received evidence on the issue, whether the parties presented additional

evidence, or what factual findings the circuit court made. It is well established that it is the duty

of the appellant to present a sufficiently complete record to support a claim of error, including

presenting a transcript, or bystander's report, or agreed statement of facts. Midstate Siding &

Window Co. v. Rogers, 204 Ill. 2d 314, 319 (2003). "In the absence of such a record, we will

not speculate as to what errors may have occurred below." Smolinski v. Vojta, 363 Ill. App. 3d

752, 757 (2006). Any doubts as to the incompleteness of the record will be resolved against the

appellant and we must presume that the relevant order had a sufficient legal and factual basis.

Rogers, 204 Ill. 2d at 319; Smolinksi, 363 Ill. App. 3d at 757-58 ("In fact, when the record on

appeal is incomplete, a reviewing court should actually 'indulge in every reasonable presumption

favorable to the judgment from which the appeal is taken, including that the trial court ruled or

acted correctly.' " (quoting People v. Majer, 131 Ill. App. 3d 80, 84 (1985)). Furthermore,

when, as in this case, the court is "fully advised," our presumption of correctness is especially

strong. See Smolinksi, 363 Ill. App. 3d at 758 (noting the circuit court order stated it was

" 'fully advised in the premises' "). Accordingly, we address defendant's claims of error under

this limitation.

¶ 26 Additionally, we must also make note of the standard of review we will utilize to review

defendant's two claims of error. The parties agree that we should review the issues under the

manifest weight of the evidence standard of review. See Brewer, 2012 IL App (1st) 111213,

¶ 17 ("When we review a decision on a motion to quash service of process, we must determine

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whether the trial court's findings of fact are against the manifest weight of the evidence."). We

disagree with the parties, however, because defendant does not ask us to review the circuit

court's factual findings. Defendant does not, for example, argue that the circuit court erred in

resolving a factual dispute, or that his pleadings raised a factual dispute, or ask that the matter

should be remanded for an evidentiary hearing. See State Bank of Lake Zurich v. Thill, 113 Ill.

2d 294, 312 (1986) (noting that issues of fact created by competing affidavits were to be resolved

by the circuit court); Madison Miracle Productions, LLC v. MGM Distribution Co., 2012 IL App

(1st) 112334, ¶ 39 (reviewing factual findings regarding personal jurisdiction under the manifest

weight of the evidence standard, but legal conclusions and the ultimate issue of personal

jurisdiction de novo). Rather, defendant attacks the sufficiency of plaintiff's affidavits.

Specifically, he focuses on the legal issue of whether plaintiff's affidavits were sufficient to

support service by publication. JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Ass'n v. Ivanov, 2014 IL App

(1st) 133553, ¶ 64 (noting de novo review is appropriate when reviewing only documentary

evidence). Accordingly, we review the issue of whether the circuit court obtained personal

jurisdiction over defendant de novo. BAC Home Loans Servicing, LP v. Mitchell, 2014 IL

116311, ¶ 17.

¶ 27 Jurisdiction over both the subject matter and the parties is required to have a valid

judgment. In re Marriage of Verdung, 126 Ill. 2d 542, 547 (1989). "Personal jurisdiction is

established either by effective service of process or by a party's voluntary submission to the

court's jurisdiction." Mitchell, 2014 IL 116311, ¶ 35. A judgment entered without jurisdiction

over the parties is void and may be challenged, directly or collaterally, at any time. Verdung,

126 Ill. 2d at 547.

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¶ 28 In actions affecting property, the Code allows for service by publication. 735 ILCS

5/2-206 (West 2010). Section 2-206(a) of the Code provides, in relevant part:

"[P]laintiff or his or her attorney shall file *** an affidavit showing that the

defendant resides or has gone out of this State, *** so that process cannot be

served upon him or her, and stating the place of residence of the defendant, if

known, or that upon diligent inquiry his or her place of residence cannot be

ascertained, the clerk shall cause publication to be made in some newspaper

published in the county in which the action is pending." 735 ILCS 5/2-206(a)

(West 2010).

¶ 29 The circuit court of Cook County elaborates on section 2-206 of the Code in its local rule

7.3, which provides:

"Pursuant to [section 2-206(a) of the Code], due inquiry shall be made to

find the defendant(s) prior to service of summons by publication. In mortgage

foreclosure cases, all affidavits of service of summons by publication must be

accompanied by a sworn affidavit by the individual(s) making such 'due inquiry'

setting forth with particularity the action taken to demonstrate an honest and well

directed effort to ascertain the whereabouts of the defendant(s) by inquiry as full

as the circumstances permit prior to placing any service of summons by

publication." Cook Co. Cir. Ct. R. 7.3 (Oct. 1, 1996).

¶ 30 The statutory prerequisites for service by publication, including due diligence and due

inquiry, must be strictly complied with in order for a court to obtain jurisdiction over a

defendant. Bank of New York v. Unknown Heirs & Legatees, 369 Ill. App. 3d 472, 475-76

(2006). "Our courts have determined that these statutory prerequisites are not intended as pro

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forma or useless phrases requiring mere perfunctory performance but, on the contrary, require an

honest and well-directed effort to ascertain the whereabouts of a defendant by inquiry as full as

circumstances permit." Id. at 476.

¶ 31 Relying solely on this court's decision in Brewer, 2012 IL App (1st) 111213, defendant

first argues that plaintiff's affidavits were improperly made in the passive voice and do not set

forth the particular actions taken to serve him. In Brewer, this court held that a mortgage

foreclosure plaintiff failed to present affidavits based on the affiant's personal knowledge to

satisfy local rule 7.3. Id. ¶¶ 23-26. Specifically, the affidavits from the plaintiff did not

identify the affiant as the person who either attempted service or who searched the various

outlets to determine the defendant's whereabouts. Id. ¶¶ 23-25. The Brewer court further

noted that affidavits made in passive voice imply that someone other than the affiant attempted

service or performed the relevant searches. Id.¶ 22.

¶ 32 After reviewing the affidavits plaintiff used in this case to justify service by publication,

we hold the affidavits at issue here are easily distinguishable from the affidavits found to be

insufficient in Brewer. Unlike in Brewer, the affidavits in this case specifically identified the

affiant by name and outlined the steps the affiant took to either find or attempt service upon

defendant. The affidavits were notarized and signed by the named affiant. The affidavits for

the attempted service of the summons and complaint each named the respective process server

who made the attempt at service: Beth McMaster, Steven Stosur, or Nicholas Baker. In the

affidavit outlining the public and private database search, Michelle Bibeau is named as the

affiant. The language of the affidavits do not indicate that someone other than the affiant

attempted service, or in Bibeau's case, searched the various databases. Accordingly, after

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reviewing plaintiff's affidavits, we cannot say that we are left with the impression that someone

other than the affiants undertook the actions stated in the affidavits.

¶ 33 We also disagree with defendant's contention that plaintiff failed to specify the steps

plaintiff took to locate him. In the case of Michelle Bibeau, she identified several different

databases she searched in an effort to locate defendant. Those databases included social

security, directory assistance, driver's license, motor vehicle, voter registration, Department of

State, "Nationwide Masterfile Death Search"; Department of Corrections, and property tax

searches. The process servers, i.e., Beth McMaster, Steven Stosur, and Nicholas Baker,

attempted service at five different Chicago addresses: 2707 West Medill; 4218 West Thorndale;

4065 North Elston; 5701 West Patterson; and 1515 West Chestnut. At 4218 West Thorndale,

where defendant later alleged he resided, plaintiff specified eight different attempts at service on

six different dates. Overall, process servers employed by plaintiff made 14 attempts at service

upon defendant at 5 different addresses. In each affidavit, the process servers explained the

reason for nonservice as well as the time and date of each attempt. Accordingly, we hold that

plaintiff showed that it made a diligent inquiry and set forth specific actions it took to determine

defendant's whereabouts sufficient to justify service by publication in accordance with section

2-206(a) of the Code and local rule 7.3. 735 ILCS 5/2-206(a) (West 2010); Cook Co. Cir. Ct.

R. 7.3 (Oct. 1, 1996).

¶ 34 Defendant's final argument is that plaintiff's affidavit for service by publication does not

speak the truth because it failed to state defendant's residence as 4218 West Thorndale in

violation of section 2-206(a) of the Code. 735 ILCS 5/2-206(a) (West 2010). Defendant's

argument is based on the premise that plaintiff knew he resided at 4218 West Thorndale prior to

serving him by publication. He relies on process server Beth McMaster's affidavit in which she

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attested that on August 8, 2011, at 8:10 p.m. she attempted service upon defendant at 4218 West

Thorndale. As a reason for nonservice, McMaster stated that she "spoke to the defendant's niece

who stated that the defendant will be out of town for the next month or two and that she was

house-sitting while her aunt was away." The niece gave McMaster a phone number for defendant

and for codefendant Maria Nascimento. The registration for defendant's phone indicated

defendant's address as 5701 Patterson Avenue. In a different, yet similar affidavit, McMaster

attested that she attempted to serve codefendant Maria Nascimento at the same address at the same

time and similarly stated that she had spoken to defendant's niece who told her that she was

house-sitting for her aunt. Plaintiff argues that defendant's argument is not supported by the

record.

¶ 35 After reviewing the record, we disagree with defendant's contention and do not find that

plaintiff affirmatively misstated defendant's residence. Rather, the record shows plaintiff, after

a diligent search and inquiry, was not able to ascertain defendant's residence. A review of

McMaster's affidavit shows that at no point in the affidavit does McMaster expressly state that

defendant resided at 4218 West Thorndale. Rather, McMaster indicates she spoke to someone

who told her she was house-sitting for her aunt. McMaster submitted a similar affidavit for

codefendant Nascimento. It is unclear to whom the person McMaster spoke to is related and

for whom she was house-sitting. Additionally, the phone number she gave McMaster showed

defendant's address as 5701 West Patterson. Furthermore, another process server employed by

plaintiff, Steven Stosur, made seven attempts at serving defendant at 4218 West Thorndale on

five later dates. Stosur attested that there were not any names on the doorbell or mailbox and

that he could not see or access the property. A review of Stosur's affidavits concerning 4218

West Thorndale, combined with the lack of a clear statement of defendant's residence in

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McMaster's affidavit, lead us to conclude that plaintiff did not know defendant resided at 4218

West Thorndale. Section 2-206 only requires a plaintiff to state a defendant's residence "if

known." 735 ILCS 5/2-206(a) (West 2010). Otherwise, the affidavit must state "that upon

diligent inquiry his or her place of residence cannot be ascertained." 735 ILCS 5/2-206(a)

(West 2010). Therefore, the absence of a statement indicating that defendant resided at 4218

West Thorndale does not violate section 2-206(a) of the Code because such a statement is only

required if the residence is known to the plaintiff. 735 ILCS 5/2-206(a) (West 2010). The

record before us does not show plaintiff knew defendant resided at 4218 West Thorndale.

¶ 36 CONCLUSION

¶ 37 For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the circuit court of Cook County is affirmed.

¶ 38 Affirmed.

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