Dore, J.
The Committee Against Punch Card Election sought to compel the prosecuting attorney for Pierce County to ballot title a referendum on Pierce County Ordinance 81-21, passed by the Pierce County Council on July 7, 1981. Their cause was dismissed by the trial court and this appeal followed. Ordinance 81-211 authorized a con[193]*193version in the county voting system from the existing lever machine voting equipment to a punch card voting/computer tallying system. The Council, in an effort to implement such ordinance, authorized an appropriation of $750,000 to cover the cost of acquiring the punch card system. The punch card voting equipment has been certified by the state voting machine committee (as required under RCW 29.33.040) as being in conformance with all statutory and administrative requirements.
Eleanora Ballasiotes, on behalf of The Committee Against Punch Card Election, timely filed a referendum petition with the Pierce County Auditor. The Auditor designated the referendum petition as Referendum 1 and forwarded it to the prosecuting attorney for ballot titling pursuant to section 5.702 of the Pierce County Charter. The prosecuting attorney declined to formulate a ballot title for the proposed referendum, announcing that the ordinance was exempt from the referendum process by the express language of section 5.603 of the Pierce County [194]*194Charter. That section excepts from referendum "such ordinances as may be necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health, safety, or support of the County government and its existing public institutions".
After petitioners filed a complaint, the Superior Court granted the prosecutor's motion for summary judgment, dismissing their cause of action. The court found the change from lever voting machine equipment to a punch card system was an administrative decision and was not subject to referendum. Additionally, the trial court held that funding the punch card system purchase was a legislative function, but that it was not referendable because it was within the (section 5.60) exception of ordinances for the "immediate . . . support of the County government and its existing public institutions".
For the purpose of this appeal, the parties agreed to the following stipulated facts:
1. The present voting machine equipment used in Pierce County provides an unofficial vote count at the precinct polling place. The proposed punch card system for the county does not provide an unofficial count at the precinct level.
2. As a result of (1) above, the precinct election officers from the respective major political parties and interested citizens there to witness the proceedings will not have knowledge of the election results in their precinct prior to the ballots leaving the precinct polling place.
3. The new punch card system requires physical transfer of the uncounted ballots from the precinct polling place to the counting center.
4. The counting center is run by county employees under the direct supervision of the Pierce County Auditor, an elected official of the county.
5. The counting center has complete control of com[195]*195puter programming and handling of the ballots.
6. Representatives of the major political parties and interested citizens are able to witness the counting process at the counting center.
7. The proposed punch card system for the county has received state certification and approval pursuant to RCW 29.33.030, et. seq.
8. There are currently 623 precincts in Pierce County and 274 polling places.
Decision
For the reasons stated below, we hold ordinance 81-21 is subject to referendum.
I
We note initially that the prosecuting attorney overstepped the boundaries of his authority in refusing to ballot title Referendum 1. Section 5.70 of the Pierce County Charter, setting forth the applicable referendum procedures, requires the filing officer to give the referendum proposal an identifying number and transmit a copy of the proposal to the prosecuting attorney, "who within ten (10) days after receipt thereof shall formulate a concise statement, posed as a positive question, not to exceed twenty (20) words, which shall express and give a true and impartial statement of the measure being referred". (Italics ours.) As a general rule, the use of the word "shall" is imperative and operates to create a duty. State Liquor Control Bd. v. State Personnel Bd., 88 Wn.2d 368, 377, 561 P.2d 195 (1977). The prosecuting attorney, therefore, lacked any discretion in ballot titling Referendum 1.
II
For the purposes of clarity, we will discuss separately in turn each of the two components of the ordinance: (a) the decision to implement a punch card voting system; and (b) the decision to fund $750,000 to purchase equipment for the punch card computer system. We look first at the section of the ordinance which implements the punch card system.
Generally, the right to act directly through referen[196]*196dum is not an inherent power of the people. The referendum power extends only to matters legislative in character as compared to administrative actions. Leonard v. Bothell, 87 Wn.2d 847, 557 P.2d 1306 (1976); Ruano v. Spellman, 81 Wn.2d 820, 505 P.2d 447 (1973). Thus, before the action switching to a punch card system can be subject to referendum, we must determine it to be a legislative action.
The criteria for determining when an act is legislative in nature are:
Several criteria have been suggested for determining whether an act is legislative or administrative. One such is whether the subject is of a permanent and general character (legislative) or of temporary and special character (administrative). 5 E. McQuillin, Municipal Corporations § 16.55 (3d ed. rev. 1969). We believe a preferable standard, at least for this case, to be whether the proposition is one to make new law or declare a new policy, or merely to carry out and execute law or policy already in existence. People v. Centrada, 1 Ill. App. 2d 228, 117 N.E.2d 410 (1953); Heider v. Common Council, 37 Wis. 2d 466, 155 N.W.2d 17 (1967).
Ruano, at 823-24.
Justice Stafford, in Durocher v. King Cy., 80 Wn.2d 139, 152-53, 492 P.2d 547 (1972), refers to the test posited in E. McQuillin, Municipal Corporations § 16.55, at 213 (3d rev. ed. 1969):
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Dore, J.
The Committee Against Punch Card Election sought to compel the prosecuting attorney for Pierce County to ballot title a referendum on Pierce County Ordinance 81-21, passed by the Pierce County Council on July 7, 1981. Their cause was dismissed by the trial court and this appeal followed. Ordinance 81-211 authorized a con[193]*193version in the county voting system from the existing lever machine voting equipment to a punch card voting/computer tallying system. The Council, in an effort to implement such ordinance, authorized an appropriation of $750,000 to cover the cost of acquiring the punch card system. The punch card voting equipment has been certified by the state voting machine committee (as required under RCW 29.33.040) as being in conformance with all statutory and administrative requirements.
Eleanora Ballasiotes, on behalf of The Committee Against Punch Card Election, timely filed a referendum petition with the Pierce County Auditor. The Auditor designated the referendum petition as Referendum 1 and forwarded it to the prosecuting attorney for ballot titling pursuant to section 5.702 of the Pierce County Charter. The prosecuting attorney declined to formulate a ballot title for the proposed referendum, announcing that the ordinance was exempt from the referendum process by the express language of section 5.603 of the Pierce County [194]*194Charter. That section excepts from referendum "such ordinances as may be necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health, safety, or support of the County government and its existing public institutions".
After petitioners filed a complaint, the Superior Court granted the prosecutor's motion for summary judgment, dismissing their cause of action. The court found the change from lever voting machine equipment to a punch card system was an administrative decision and was not subject to referendum. Additionally, the trial court held that funding the punch card system purchase was a legislative function, but that it was not referendable because it was within the (section 5.60) exception of ordinances for the "immediate . . . support of the County government and its existing public institutions".
For the purpose of this appeal, the parties agreed to the following stipulated facts:
1. The present voting machine equipment used in Pierce County provides an unofficial vote count at the precinct polling place. The proposed punch card system for the county does not provide an unofficial count at the precinct level.
2. As a result of (1) above, the precinct election officers from the respective major political parties and interested citizens there to witness the proceedings will not have knowledge of the election results in their precinct prior to the ballots leaving the precinct polling place.
3. The new punch card system requires physical transfer of the uncounted ballots from the precinct polling place to the counting center.
4. The counting center is run by county employees under the direct supervision of the Pierce County Auditor, an elected official of the county.
5. The counting center has complete control of com[195]*195puter programming and handling of the ballots.
6. Representatives of the major political parties and interested citizens are able to witness the counting process at the counting center.
7. The proposed punch card system for the county has received state certification and approval pursuant to RCW 29.33.030, et. seq.
8. There are currently 623 precincts in Pierce County and 274 polling places.
Decision
For the reasons stated below, we hold ordinance 81-21 is subject to referendum.
I
We note initially that the prosecuting attorney overstepped the boundaries of his authority in refusing to ballot title Referendum 1. Section 5.70 of the Pierce County Charter, setting forth the applicable referendum procedures, requires the filing officer to give the referendum proposal an identifying number and transmit a copy of the proposal to the prosecuting attorney, "who within ten (10) days after receipt thereof shall formulate a concise statement, posed as a positive question, not to exceed twenty (20) words, which shall express and give a true and impartial statement of the measure being referred". (Italics ours.) As a general rule, the use of the word "shall" is imperative and operates to create a duty. State Liquor Control Bd. v. State Personnel Bd., 88 Wn.2d 368, 377, 561 P.2d 195 (1977). The prosecuting attorney, therefore, lacked any discretion in ballot titling Referendum 1.
II
For the purposes of clarity, we will discuss separately in turn each of the two components of the ordinance: (a) the decision to implement a punch card voting system; and (b) the decision to fund $750,000 to purchase equipment for the punch card computer system. We look first at the section of the ordinance which implements the punch card system.
Generally, the right to act directly through referen[196]*196dum is not an inherent power of the people. The referendum power extends only to matters legislative in character as compared to administrative actions. Leonard v. Bothell, 87 Wn.2d 847, 557 P.2d 1306 (1976); Ruano v. Spellman, 81 Wn.2d 820, 505 P.2d 447 (1973). Thus, before the action switching to a punch card system can be subject to referendum, we must determine it to be a legislative action.
The criteria for determining when an act is legislative in nature are:
Several criteria have been suggested for determining whether an act is legislative or administrative. One such is whether the subject is of a permanent and general character (legislative) or of temporary and special character (administrative). 5 E. McQuillin, Municipal Corporations § 16.55 (3d ed. rev. 1969). We believe a preferable standard, at least for this case, to be whether the proposition is one to make new law or declare a new policy, or merely to carry out and execute law or policy already in existence. People v. Centrada, 1 Ill. App. 2d 228, 117 N.E.2d 410 (1953); Heider v. Common Council, 37 Wis. 2d 466, 155 N.W.2d 17 (1967).
Ruano, at 823-24.
Justice Stafford, in Durocher v. King Cy., 80 Wn.2d 139, 152-53, 492 P.2d 547 (1972), refers to the test posited in E. McQuillin, Municipal Corporations § 16.55, at 213 (3d rev. ed. 1969):
Actions relating to subjects of a permanent and general character are usually regarded as legislative, and those providing for subjects of a temporary and special character are regarded as administrative. . . .
The test of what is a legislative and what is an administrative proposition, with respect to the initiative or referendum, has further been said to be whether the proposition is one to make new law or to execute law already in existence. The power to be exercised is legislative in its nature if it prescribes a new policy or plan; whereas, it is administrative in its nature if it merely pursues a plan already adopted by the legislative body itself, or some power superior to it.
We conclude that the ordinance action by the Council in the instant case is clearly a policy decision which will effect [197]*197a permanent change in the method of recording votes in Pierce County. Under the punch card system, the precinct officers' ability to have votes counted at the precinct level is lost. Also gone is the citizens' opportunity to witness the vote count at the precinct level. These factors are important checks and balances in the electoral process. The implementation of the punch card system will arguably increase the chances of election fraud, with no guaranty of increased or even equal accuracy. Additionally, there are invariably local issues and local elected positions on the ballot whose results will be delayed and not revealed to local voters under the punch card system until processed by the County Auditor.
We are not persuaded by the respondent's argument that there was no "act," either legislative or administrative, because the Council merely chose not to act to change the decision, which the executive branch of the County government had already made, to switch to the punch card voting system. Section 1 of ordinance No. 81-21 begins with the language, "The County Council hereby declares it to be the policy of Pierce County" to implement the punch card system. If the Council were merely deciding not to act, and to let the executive branch continue with a purely administrative task, it would have been unnecessary to "declare" the "policy" of the County. Additionally, if the executive branch may switch the method by which votes are cast and counted without a check or balance, it is difficult to perceive a decision which the executive branch could not reach on its own.
The prosecuting attorney argues that the executive power to acquire the new equipment would still remain unimpaired even if the ordinance were eliminated by the voters at a referendum election. The respondent contends that the only impact of a referendum vote against the ordinance would be to eliminate the authority given by the Council to the executive to enter into a contract to spread the financial impact of acquisition over subsequent fiscal years. This interpretation is contradicted by the language of the ordi[198]*198nance and, if adopted, would expand the powers of the executive branch of Pierce County government to an impermissible degree. For these reasons, we reject respondent's arguments and hold that the decision to implement a punch card voting system in Pierce County was legislative in nature and subject to referendum.
Ill
We turn next to the issue of whether the decision of the Pierce County Council to fund $750,000 to purchase equipment for the punch card voting system is subject to referendum under section 5.60 of the Pierce County Charter. Once again, it is necessary to determine whether this action was legislative or administrative in nature.
We agree with the trial court that the act of funding the new punch card system was legislative in character. This appropriation, not an item budgeted under the regular Pierce County budget, facilitates a permanent change in the way Pierce County citizens vote. It is inequitable to demand $750,000 from the citizens of Pierce County without allowing them the chance to voice their opinion on whether or not that money should be used to change their method of voting.
Article 2, section 1(b)4 of our state constitution, excepts from the power of referendum "such laws as may be necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health or safety, [or] support of the state government and its existing public institutions, ..." Section 5.60 of the Pierce County Charter contains a virtually identical exception for "such ordinances as may be necessary for the [199]*199immediate preservation of the public peace, health, safety, or support of the County government and its existing public institutions".
We disagree with the trial court, however, that the decision to fund the punch card equipment, although legislative in character, falls under the "support of County government" exception to the referendum power, making it immune to the referendum process.
We recognize the broad definition of "support" in interpreting the state constitution as found in the early case of State ex rel. Blakeslee v. Clausen, 85 Wash. 260, 148 P. 28 (1915), and the more recent line of cases exemplified by State ex rel. Helm v. Kramer, 82 Wn.2d 307, 510 P.2d 1110 (1973). In determining what meaning to give the word "support" in exception to the referendum power of the people, however, each case must be treated individually. The Blakeslee case dealt with a bill appropriating money for a public highway, and the bill discussed in Helm appropriated funds for salaries established by the Governor. Highways and salaries are arguably much more vital to state government than the replacement of adequate voting machines to county government. Additionally, this ordinance is both an appropriations bill and a decision to make a permanent change in the voting method. As such it is not "necessary" for the support of County government or its existing institutions, as there is no question but that the existing voting machine equipment adequately serves the County and accurately counts the votes. We, therefore, find the "support" exception inapplicable in this case.
For the reasons stated above, we hold that the decision to implement a punch card voting system in Pierce County is "legislative" in character and is referendable by a vote of the people. We further hold the trial court erred in ruling that the decision to fund the purchase of the punch card system falls under the "support of County government" exception to the referendum power.
We reverse and remand to the trial court for proceedings [200]*200consistent with the provisions of this opinion.
Rosellini, Dolliver, Williams, and Dimmick, JJ., concur.