[Cite as Bacak v. Ventling, 2016-Ohio-4737.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
ELEVENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
TRUMBULL COUNTY, OHIO
JOE BACAK, et al., : OPINION
Cross-Appellees, : CASE NO. 2015-T-0029 - vs - :
TRUMBULL COUNTY BOARD OF : COMMISSIONERS, et al., : Defendants, : GARY P. VENTLING, : Cross-Appellant. :
Civil Appeal from the Trumbull County Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 2004 CV 02140.
Judgment: Affirmed.
Frank R. Bodor, 157 Porter Street, N.E., Warren, OH 44483 (For Cross-Appellees).
Thomas C. Nader, 5000 East Market Street, #33, Warren, OH 44484 (For Cross- Appellant).
CYNTHIA WESTCOTT RICE, P.J.
{¶1} Cross-appellant, Gary Ventling (hereafter “appellant”), appeals the
judgment of the Trumbull County Court of Common Pleas, following a trial to the
magistrate, in favor of appellees, Joe Bacak, et al., and against appellant and the
Trumbull County Board of Commissioners, declaring R.C. 307.73, regarding private contracts for the construction of sewer lines, to be unconstitutional. Appellant appealed
the trial court’s finding that R.C. 307.73 is unconstitutional as applied to appellees;
however, he did not appeal the trial court’s additional finding that the statute is
unconstitutional on its face. At issue is whether the trial court’s declaration that R.C.
307.73 is unconstitutional on its face includes the finding that the statute is
unconstitutional as applied to appellees. Because we hold that it does, we affirm.
{¶2} Plaintiffs-appellees, Joe Bacak and some nine other individuals, are
property owners and residents of Trumbull County, who formed an association known
as “C.A.U.S.E.,” which stands for Citizens Against Unconstitutional Sewer Extensions.
Appellees referred to themselves in the trial court as the “Sablecreek Plaintiffs” in order
to distinguish themselves from other similarly-situated groups included in C.A.U.S.E.
Appellees reside on St. Mary’s Drive in Mineral Ridge, Ohio, and were ordered by the
Trumbull County Commissioners to tie into a new sewer extension on St. Mary’s Drive
and to reimburse appellant, who constructed the extension, for the costs of its
construction.
{¶3} In their Complaint, filed August 26, 2004, appellees requested declaratory
judgment and injunctive relief against the commissioners and appellant, alleging that
R.C. 307.73, which authorizes private sewer construction projects, is unconstitutional in
that it violates procedural due process.
{¶4} The case proceeded to trial before the magistrate. As fully explained
below, the trial court entered judgment in favor of appellees and against the
commissioners and appellant. The commissioners and appellant filed separate appeals
in this court. Subsequently, the commissioners dismissed their appeal and appellant’s
appeal is the only appeal remaining before us.
2 {¶5} Appellees had previously installed septic systems to service their homes
due to the unavailability of a sewer system in their area.
{¶6} On August 30, 2001, appellant, who lives on St. Mary’s Drive, and the
commissioners entered a “Private Agreement for Extension of Sanitary Sewer” for the
extension of a sanitary sewer on St. Mary’s Drive pursuant to R.C. 307.73. On
September 13, 2001, the commissioners enacted a resolution to enter said agreement.
{¶7} According to the agreement, the commissioners gave appellant
permission to construct the sewer extension to his property. Appellant agreed to pay for
the preparation of plans and specifications for the project and for construction of the
sewer line. Further, the agreement provided that “[i]f and when any abutting property * *
* desires to tap into or connect to said improvements, a connection charge will be
charged the owner of said abutting property based on the pro rata costs as computed
from the * * * cost statement which shall be reimbursed to [appellant] * * *.”
{¶8} Appellant did not advertise for or take any bids on this project, as such is
not required by R.C. 307.73. Instead, he hired the engineering firm of Lynn, Kittinger, &
Noble to prepare the plans and specifications. He also hired Ady & Sons Construction
to construct the sewer extension.
{¶9} Appellant began construction of the project on May 9, 2002. He
completed the sewer extension on November 13, 2002, and the Trumbull County
Sanitary Engineer’s Office issued a certificate of completion on that date. One week
later, on November 21, 2002, appellant submitted a cost statement to the Sanitary
Engineer’s Office for approval. The original estimated cost of the project was $61,000,
but the cost statement submitted by appellant was $103,460, which was $42,460, or
41%, over the original estimate.
3 {¶10} Prior to completion of the project, neither the commissioners nor appellant
ever sent any letters or other form of written notice to appellees notifying them of the
existence of the private sewer extension agreement or that appellees would be
responsible for paying their pro rata share of the cost. Rather, for the first time, on April
7, 2004, 17 months after completion of the project, appellant filed a copy of the
commissioners’ resolution to enter the private sewer extension agreement with the
Trumbull County Auditor.
{¶11} On December 13, 2003, the Trumbull County Health Department sent
letters to appellees advising them that they were required to abandon their own septic
systems and to tap into the new sewer extension. Appellees were also advised by
these letters that when they tapped-in, they would have to pay to the county their total
pro rata share of appellant’s costs for the sewer extension in one lump sum. However,
the notice did not provide them with an exact or even an approximate amount of their
cost.
{¶12} Jay Walton, Senior Environmental Engineer with the Trumbull County
Sanitary Engineer’s Office, testified he has the sole authority and discretion to approve
the statement of costs submitted by individuals, such as appellant, with respect to
private sewer construction projects. This includes reviewing the statement of costs and
determining which, if any, of the submitted costs should be approved for reimbursement
by the other abutting property owners. Walton’s decision is final and not subject to any
objection, hearing, or appeal. He testified that a property owner who tapped into the
sewer extension would have to pay whatever amount he determined and would have no
say in the matter.
4 {¶13} Walton found $29,281 of the $103,460 cost statement to be improper and
approved the total cost of the sewer extension project as $74,179, which was still
$14,000 over the original $61,000 cost estimate. The property owners on St. Mary’s
Drive were never sent any notice as to the approved cost. The first time any owner
would have discovered the cost of the tap-in would be when the property owner came to
the Board of Health in response to the Board’s letter advising them that they were
required to tap into the sewer extension and to pay their share of appellant’s costs.
{¶14} Thomas Holloway, Trumbull County Sanitary Engineer at the time the
subject project was approved, testified that, pursuant to R.C. 307.73, Walton has full
discretion in determining the amount property owners who tap into a sewer extension
will be required to pay. He said that whatever amount Walton determined the final cost
to be, the property owner tapping into the extension is required to pay it and has no
appeal from Walton’s decision. Under that procedure, the property owner is not given
notice of the cost or an opportunity to object to it. He said there is an alternative
procedure for a sewer construction project provided for at R.C. Chapter 6117. Under
these provisions, the commissioners put the project out for bid and the improvement is
ultimately paid for by an assessment. He said that, pursuant to Chapter 6117, the
affected property owners are given notice of the preliminary assessment. Further, under
that statute, property owners have the right to file objections, the right to a hearing, and
the right to appeal the commissioners’ decision to the Probate Court.
{¶15} The magistrate issued her decision on July 2, 2013, in favor of appellees
and against appellant and the commissioners. The magistrate decided that R.C. 307.73
is unconstitutional as applied in that it violated appellees’ procedural due process rights.
The magistrate found that because appellees did not have proper notice under R.C.
5 307.73 and because appellees were required by Ohio Adm. Code 3701-29-02 to tie into
the new sewer line, R.C. 307.73 is unconstitutional as applied to appellees and, thus,
they were not required to pay the prorated cost of the sewer improvement project. The
commissioners and appellant filed objections to the magistrate’s decision. The trial
court, by its judgment filed on February 6, 2015, overruled the objections; modified the
magistrate’s decision by also finding R.C. 307.73 to be unconstitutional on its face; and
adopted the magistrate’s decision as modified.
{¶16} The commissioners appealed the trial court’s judgment to this court on
March 5, 2015. That appeal was assigned Case No. 2015-T-0019. On March 16, 2015,
appellant filed a separate appeal, which was assigned Case No. 2015-T-0029. This
court sua sponte consolidated the two appeals on April 17, 2015. On that same date,
the commissioners filed a notice of dismissal of their appeal (Case No. 2015-T-0019).
This court construed that notice as a motion to dismiss, and granted that motion on
June 8, 2015. The dismissal of the commissioners’ appeal left only appellant’s appeal.
{¶17} Appellant asserts six assignments of error. Because the third through
sixth assigned errors are interrelated, they are considered together. They allege:
{¶18} “[3.] The Trial Court’s Decision That Revised Code Section 307.73 is
Unconstitutional as applied to the Sablecreek Plaintiffs is error.
{¶19} “[4.] The Trial Court erred in finding that the Appellees did not have the
Required Notice Pursuant to Revised Code Section 307.73.
{¶20} “[5.] The Trial Court Erred in finding that Separate Sablecreek Plaintiffs
Michael and Joanne Hanysh did not have constructive notice of the private extension
agreement.
6 {¶21} “[6.] The Trial Court erred in concluding that the Sablecreek
Plaintiffs/Appellees did not have Actual Notice of the Ventling Private Extension
Agreement.”
{¶22} “On appeal, a trial court’s adoption of a magistrate’s decision will not be
overruled unless the trial court abused its discretion in adopting the decision.” Brown v.
Gabram, 11th Dist. Geuaga No. 2004-G-2605, 2005-Ohio-6416, ¶11. Accord In the
Matter of Gibbs, 11th Dist. Lake No. 97-L-067, 1998 Ohio App. LEXIS 997, *12 (Mar.
13, 1998) (an appellate review of the trial court’s decision under Civ.R. 53 is limited to a
determination of whether the court abused its discretion in adopting the magistrate’s
decision). The term “abuse of discretion” is one of art, “connoting judgment exercised by
a court, which does not comport with reason or the record.” Gaul v. Gaul, 11th Dist.
Ashtabula No. 2009-A-0011, 2010-Ohio-2156, ¶24, citing State v. Ferranto, 112 Ohio
St. 667, 676-678 (1925).
{¶23} R.C. 307.73, entitled, “Contract for private construction of * * * sewer
lines,” provides that a board of county commissioners may, upon application by any
individual or private entity, authorize such individual/entity to construct sewer lines
under the board’s supervision.
{¶24} R.C. 307.73 also provides that the board of commissioners shall collect
and return to such individual/entity a prorated share of the cost of such improvement
when such improvement is tapped into by a nonparticipant in the original cost, i.e., an
abutting property owner who did not pay any part of the original cost. The prorated
share is based on the front footage of improvement to the nonparticipant, and shall not
exceed the amount the nonparticipant would have paid if he had participated in said
project.
7 {¶25} R.C. 307.73 also provides that a copy of the commissioners’ resolution
granting permission to construct sewer lines and authorizing the collection of a prorated
share shall be filed by the applicant (here, appellant) with the county auditor, who shall
keep an index of all such resolutions. The filing of such resolution constitutes
constructive notice thereof. Significantly, R.C. 307.73 provides that “[n]o nonparticipant
shall be required to pay the prorated share of the cost of such improvement permitted
by resolution without such notice.”
{¶26} Further, pursuant to R.C. 3701.34, the Ohio Department of Health is given
the authority to establish sanitary sewer regulations of general application throughout
the state. Pursuant to this authority, the health department established a policy
requiring the elimination of individual septic systems and connection to a sanitary
sewerage system when such a system becomes accessible. Ohio Adm. Code 3701-29-
02 provides:
{¶27} (L) No household sewage disposal system shall be installed, maintained, or operated on property accessible to a sanitary sewerage system.
{¶28} (M) Whenever a sanitary sewerage system becomes accessible to the property, a household sewage disposal system shall be abandoned and the house sewer directly connected to the sewerage system.
{¶29} The Supreme Court of Ohio upheld the constitutionality of Ohio Adm.
Code 3701-29-02 in DeMoise v. Dowell, 10 Ohio St.3d 92 (1984). In DeMoise, the
Court held that local health boards possess “the authority to require that whenever a
sanitary sewerage system becomes accessible to a property, the household sewage
disposal system shall be abandoned and the house sewer directly connected to the
sewerage system.” Id. at syllabus. The Court held the connection “requirement bears a
8 real and substantial relationship to the public health, is not unreasonable or arbitrary,
and does not constitute a deprivation of due process of law.” Id.
{¶30} While the Ohio Supreme Court found Ohio Adm. Code 3701-29-02
(requiring connection to an accessible public sewer) to be constitutional in DeMoise, the
Court did not address the constitutionality of R.C. 307.73 (providing for private sewer
construction agreements) in that case.
{¶31} “It is well settled that an enactment of the General Assembly is entitled to
a strong presumption of constitutionality.” State v. Cowan, 103 Ohio St.3d 144, 2004-
Ohio-4777, ¶7. “Therefore, challenged legislation will not be invalidated unless the
challenger establishes the unconstitutional nature of the statute beyond a reasonable
doubt.” Cowan, supra.
{¶32} There are two different ways of challenging a statute on constitutional
grounds: 1) by arguing that it is unconstitutional on its face, or 2) by arguing that it is
unconstitutional as applied to a particular set of facts. Cleveland Gear Co. v. Limbach,
35 Ohio St.3d 229, 231 (1988). “An as applied challenge asserts that a statute is
unconstitutional as applied to the challenger’s particular conduct.” Kruppa v. Warren,
11th Dist. Trumbull No. 2009-T-0017, 2009-Ohio-4927, ¶12. In contrast, a facial
challenge asserts the statute is unconstitutional in “all of its applications.” Id.
{¶33} The Supreme Court of Ohio in State v. Mateo, 57 Ohio St.3d 50, 52
(1991), discussed the requirements of procedural due process, as follows:
{¶34} The United States Supreme Court has stated that the essence of due process is notice and an opportunity to be heard: “For more than a century the central meaning of procedural due process has been clear: ‘Parties whose rights are to be affected are entitled to be heard; and in order that they may enjoy that right they must first be notified.’ * * * [Citations omitted.] It is equally fundamental that the right to notice and an opportunity to be heard ‘must be granted
9 at a meaningful time and in a meaningful manner.’ (Emphasis added.) Armstrong v. Manzo, 380 U.S. 545, 552 [1965].” Fuentes v. Shevin, 407 U.S. 67, 80 (1972). See also Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319, 333 (1976). “As a general rule, due process requires that the government give notice and an opportunity to be heard before taking an individual’s liberty or property.” (Emphasis sic.) United States v. 141st Street Corp., 911 F.2d 870, 874 (2d Cir.1990). * * * “Due process of law involves only the essential rights of notice, hearing or opportunity to be heard before a competent tribunal. * * *” State v. Luff, 117 Ohio St. 102 (1927), paragraph four of the syllabus. See also State v. Edwards, 157 Ohio St. 175, 178 (1952), paragraph one of the syllabus.
{¶35} The trial court, in addition to finding that R.C. 307.73 is facially
unconstitutional, expressly found, at p. 11 of its judgment entry, that “R.C. 307.73, as
applied under the facts of the Sablecreek Plaintiffs [i.e., appellees], is unconstitutional[.]”
(Emphasis added.) Further, appellant does not challenge on appeal the trial court’s
finding that R.C. 307.73 is facially unconstitutional.
{¶36} Since appellant appeals only the trial court’s as-applied finding and does
not appeal the court’s facial finding, the trial court’s conclusion that the statute is
unconstitutional on its face stands. As such, the statute is unconstitutional in all of its
applications, Kruppa, supra, including its application to appellees.
{¶37} Because appellant did not appeal the trial court’s finding that R.C. 307.73
is unconstitutional on its face, there is nothing for us to consider and we therefore
uphold this finding. In any event, the trial court’s record fully supports this finding. The
trial court demonstrated in its judgment the lack of procedural due process in R.C.
307.73 by way of a chart. That graphic contrasted the lack of due process in R.C.
307.73 with the multiple layers of due process in R.C. Chapter 6117, which sets forth an
alternative method for constructing sewers by the county commissioners. Under
Chapter 6117, the commissioners are authorized to construct sewers and to assess the
10 costs against the affected property owners. The trial court noted that under R.C.
6117.06, the sanitary engineer is required to prepare plans and cost estimates in a
“tentative assessment” for “the information of property owners” prior to any levy. Notice
must be mailed to all affected property owners prior to adoption of the resolution. The
statute provides for objections to the project in general, the tentative assessment, and
the physical boundaries. A hearing must then be held on any objections after notice to
all affected property owners of the hearing, which includes details of the project. A
property owner can file objections up to five days after the hearing. Under R.C.
6117.09, a property owner can also appeal to the Probate Court.
{¶38} In contrast to R.C. Chapter 6117, the trial court noted on its graphic that
under R.C. 307.73, the filing of the commissioners’ resolution adopting a private sewer
construction agreement with the county auditor constitutes constructive notice to
affected property owners, but there is no time requirement as to when the resolution
must be filed. Further, pursuant to this statute, affected property owners are only
entitled to notice of the resolution itself; the statute does not require that the total or
even the estimated cost of the project be included in the notice. R.C. 307.73 does not
require any oversight of the private contractor’s costs. Property owners are not entitled
to review any costs and there is no provision for objections. There is no provision for
any affected property owner to be heard or for any judicial review of the decision of the
Sanitary Engineer’s Office regarding the amount abutting property owners must pay in
order to reimburse the individual/private entity that constructed the sewer.
{¶39} Thus, the trial court’s comparison demonstrates that R.C. 6117, et seq.,
provides due process protections for affected property owners, while R.C. 307.73 is
devoid of due process.
11 {¶40} The trial court found there are no circumstances in which the statute can
provide procedural due process protections. The court found there is no way to
challenge appellant’s unreasonable charges as there are no meaningful due process
rights built into R.C. 307.73 The court stated, “[T]he landowner in Trumbull County is
getting nailed with unfounded and unreasonable charges because R.C. 307.73 simply
does not provide the protection necessary to contest these matters. Additionally, the
constructive notice requirement of R.C. 307.73 does not provide the landowner with
sufficient information in a timely manner to know the actual costs to challenge any
unreasonable costs that are charged.” The court stated: “R.C. 307.73, by providing no
safeguards or even minimal due process, leaves innocent landowners with no choice
but to tap in and pay whatever costs are charged or be criminally prosecuted by the
Board of Health.” In addition, the trial court found “the lack of judicial oversight” is “a
continuation of the affront to the right of due process present in R.C. 307.73.”
{¶41} The trial court noted the total lack of procedural due process is best
summed up by Jay Walton of the Trumbull County Sanitary Engineer’s Office. When
asked as to how the taxpayers are to be “protected from a contractor who * * *
overcharges in a case like this,” Walton answered, “Jeez. I don’t know what to say. I
guess there is no protection.”
{¶42} While the trial court’s facial finding includes the finding that R.C. 307.73 is
unconstitutional as applied to appellees, the record supports such finding. Although
R.C. 307.73 provides that the filing of the resolution with the county auditor constitutes
constructive notice, here, the resolution was not filed by appellant with the county
auditor until 17 months after completion of the sewer project. Although appellant
correctly argues that R.C. 307.73 does not provide an express time limit by which an
12 applicant must file a copy of the commissioners’ resolution, in order for the resolution to
constitute constructive notice, it must pre-date the work for which the resolution is
providing notice. Mateo, supra. Because appellant did not file the resolution until 17
months after completion of the project, it was too late for appellees to effectively
challenge the project or its costs. Thus, the “constructive notice” provided to appellees
pursuant to R.C. 307.73 was not meaningful and did not satisfy procedural due process.
{¶43} Moreover, R.C. 307.73 does not require that any reference to the cost of
the project be included in the resolution, and appellees were not given any advance
notice regarding the cost of the project, not even the original estimated cost of the
project. However, without such notice, appellees could not possibly have known
whether there was any need for them to object to the project or to the costs submitted
by appellant.
{¶44} Appellant argues that because appellees, Michael Hanysh and Joanne
Hanysh, bought their property in August 2004 (four months after appellant filed the
commissioners’ resolution), the Hanyshes had constructive notice of the project.
However, this argument misses the point. As successors in interest to the prior owners,
the Hanyshes had the right to assert appellant’s failure to provide notice and an
opportunity to be heard to their predecessors.
{¶45} Next, appellant argues that even if appellees did not have constructive
notice pursuant to R.C. 307.73, they had actual notice of the project because the sewer
extension project would have required construction equipment to be near appellees’
properties. In Edgar v. Hines, 35 Ohio App.3d 23 (12th Dist.1987), the Twelfth District
held that, “[a]lthough R.C. 307.73 provides that constructive notice, as set forth in the
statute, is a prerequisite to obtaining reimbursement for private construction of a sewer
13 line, actual notice to the concerned property owners is also sufficient.” Id. at paragraph
three of the syllabus. In Edgar, supra, the appellate court held that if the property
owner had actual notice of the cost of construction of the sewer, constructive notice is
not necessary. Id. at 25.
{¶46} Appellant argues that because appellees were in a position to see this
installation, they had actual notice of the project and, thus, constructive notice was not
necessary. However, the magistrate rejected this argument, finding that, although
appellees had actual notice of the installation of the sewer extension near their homes,
they did not have actual notice as to the required tie-in or the cost associated therewith.
The magistrate also found that the newspaper articles referenced by appellant as
evidence of actual notice merely addressed the residents’ objections to the general
concept of sewer tie-in requirements and that these articles were not evidence that
appellees had actual notice of the cost of the project.
{¶47} Significantly, appellant concedes that any knowledge appellees acquired
took place after the commissioners’ resolution approving the sewer extension was
adopted and after construction of the project had already begun. There is no evidence
in this record that, before the project was approved by the commissioners and
construction had begun, appellees knew (1) of the sewer extension agreement between
the commissioners and appellant, (2) the commissioners’ resolution approving that
agreement, (3) the cost of the project, or (4) appellees’ pro rata share of the costs.
Thus, the presence of construction equipment did not provide actual notice of the cost
of the project.
{¶48} Further, the magistrate found that the lack of procedural due process in
R.C. 307.73 prevented appellees from being able to assert legitimate challenges to
14 unreasonable costs submitted by appellant for reimbursement. From the original cost
statement submitted by appellant in the amount of $103,460, Walton determined that
several of the cost items (totaling $29,281) were obviously improper and subtracted
them, including a $10,573 charge for unsubstantiated “miscellaneous” items; $15,975 in
interest charged by appellant’s engineering firm, Ady & Sons, due to appellant’s failure
to timely pay that firm’s bills on the project; and $2,555 for charges that were
attributable to appellant’s own home. Further, the magistrate found the fact that
appellant sought reimbursement for such obviously improper charges made the other
charges in his bill all the more suspect.
{¶49} The magistrate also found that many other costs were improper and
unreasonable and should have been – but were not - subtracted by Walton from the
$74,179 final approved cost of the project. These included an unexplained $12,000
charge for rock excavation; $6,960 in attorney fees (which appellant was ordered to pay
a non-party who successfully sued appellant in an unrelated action for trespass on his
property); $2,985 (which was assessed against appellant personally in that trespass
action for his failure to comply with the settlement agreement requiring appellant to
repair the damage he caused to the plaintiff’s property); and $7,500 in attorney fees
(which appellant’s own attorney charged him for defending him in that trespass action).
The court found it was improper and unreasonable for appellant to pass these cost
items on to the taxpayers and for the Sanitary Engineer’s Office to approve these costs
without appropriate review and oversight. In addition, the magistrate found the invoice
submitted by appellant’s construction firm in the amount of $46,759, which was nearly
double their original proposal with no legitimate substantiation, was unreasonable. The
magistrate found that Walton essentially approved any cost submitted by appellant’s
15 construction firm without requiring any documentation to show the cost was reasonable
or necessary.
{¶50} The trial court was appalled at the near complete lack of oversight by the
Sanitary Engineer’s Office through its agent, Walton, of appellant’s statement of costs.
Walton admitted he approved obviously suspect cost items without requiring any
substantiation or explanation. He even approved costs that were unrelated to the
project and costs that were caused by appellant’s improper conduct. Incredibly, Walton
said he still planned to charge the taxpayers several substantial cost items submitted by
appellant even after Walton acknowledged they were improper and wrong.
{¶51} To make matters worse, although the sewer extension agreement
required appellant to provide a “certified notarized cost statement” within 90 days of
completion of the project, he never certified the accuracy of his cost statement. After
the project was completed, Walton wrote two letters to appellant in May and June 2003,
demanding the certification. Walton told appellant that without the certification, the
sewer extension agreement would become void and he would lose his right to any
reimbursement. Despite these demands and warnings, appellant never provided the
required certification. Even more incredible, Walton said he ultimately decided to
overlook this omission and to simply pass the charges on to the taxpayers without the
certification.
{¶52} We therefore uphold the trial court’s finding that R.C. 307.73 is
unconstitutional on its face. Since appellant did not appeal that finding, his argument
that the trial court erred in finding R.C. 307.73 unconstitutional as applied lacks merit.
{¶53} Appellant’s third, fourth, fifth, and sixth assignments of error are overruled.
16 {¶54} Appellant’s first and second assigned errors are related and thus
considered together. They allege:
{¶55} “[1.] The Trial Court’s Order that Appellees have the right to tap into the
Sablecreek Sanitary Sewer Line at no cost is an unconstitutional taking.
{¶56} “[2.] The Appropriate Remedy to be awarded Appellees is that the
Sablecreek Sanitary Sewer Lines Are Not Available and that Appellees Are Not
Required to Tap into the Sanitary Sewer Lines.”
{¶57} The Ohio Constitution states that “private property shall ever be held
inviolate, but subservient to the public welfare. * * * Where private property shall be
taken for public use, a compensation therefore shall first be made in money * * * and
such compensation shall be assessed by a jury * * *.” State ex rel. OTR v. City of
Columbus, 76 Ohio St.3d 203, 206 (1996), quoting Section 19, Article I, Ohio
Constitution. A taking occurs when a landowner experiences a substantial or
unreasonable interference with property. OTR, supra. That interference may involve an
actual physical taking of real property or it may include the deprivation of an intangible
interest in the premises. Id.
{¶58} Appellant argues the trial court’s judgment interfered with his property right
to reimbursement in the sewer extension agreement, resulting in a taking. In support,
he cites Stop The Beach Renourishment v. Florida Dept. of Environmental Protection,
560 U.S. 702 (2010). However, his reliance on this case is misplaced. In Stop the
Beach, the Supreme Court stated, “The takings clause only protects property rights as
they are established under state law * * *.” Stop The Beach at 732. Appellant’s claimed
property right to reimbursement is based on a statute that violates procedural due
17 process. Because R.C. 307.73 is unconstitutional, appellant’s taking claim fails
because it is not based on a valid state law.
{¶59} In any event, even if R.C. 307.73 was constitutional, it provides that
property owners who tap into the sewer line are not required to pay the prorated share
of the cost of the project if the applicant fails to provide constructive notice of the
project. Thus, constructive notice is a prerequisite to reimbursement. Edgar, supra, at
paragraph three of the syllabus. Since appellant did not file the commissioners’ 2001
resolution until April 2004, 17 months after the project was completed, appellant failed
to give the affected property owners constructive notice at a meaningful time and he is
not entitled to reimbursement.
{¶60} Further, appellant argues that, to avoid a taking, the trial court should have
declared the sewer extension to be unavailable and, this way, appellees would have
been allowed to disconnect from the sewer. However, the remedy appellant seeks
would have required the trial court to find that the sewer line is not physically available
to appellees when, in fact, it is. Moreover, appellant’s proposed remedy would violate
Ohio Adm. Code 3701-29-02, which requires that when a sanitary sewerage system
becomes accessible to the property, the house must abandon the household sewage
system and be connected to the sanitary sewerage system. Moreover, appellant’s
proposed remedy would impliedly overrule the Ohio Supreme Court’s decision in
DeMoise, supra. As noted above, the Ohio Supreme Court in that case held that when
a public sewer system is available to a property owner, he must abandon his personal
sewer system and connect to the public system. There is no dispute in this record that
construction of the sewer extension made it available to appellees and thus appellees
are legally bound to tie into it. However, as a result of the due process violations
18 discussed herein, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in adopting the magistrate’s
decision that appellees were entitled to tie into the sewer system at no cost.
{¶61} Appellant’s first and second assignments of error are overruled.
{¶62} For the reasons stated in this opinion, the assignments of error lack merit
and are overruled. It is the order and judgment of this court that the judgment of the
Trumbull County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
DIANE V. GRENDELL, J.,
COLLEEN MARY O’TOOLE, J.,
concur.