Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the Dec 17 2013, 9:32 am purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
BARBARA J. SIMMONS GREGORY F. ZOELLER Oldenburg, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
LARRY D. ALLEN Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
AYANNA EARLS, ) ) Appellant-Defendant, ) ) vs. ) No. 49A02-1304-CR-364 ) STATE OF INDIANA, ) ) Appellee-Plaintiff. )
APPEAL FROM THE MARION SUPERIOR COURT The Honorable Deborah Shook, Commissioner Cause No. 49F07-1208-CM-60171
December 17, 2013
MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION
ROBB, Chief Judge Case Summary and Issue
Following a bench trial, Ayanna Earls was convicted of battery, a Class A
misdemeanor. On appeal Earls raises the sole issue of whether sufficient evidence was
presented to sustain her conviction. Concluding that sufficient evidence was presented,
we affirm.
Facts and Procedural History
On July 23, 2012, Danyetta Blanton, a Speedway gas station employee, was
working the second shift. Blanton’s shift began after she relieved Earls, also a Speedway
gas station employee. The two originally met through David Howgate, whose romantic
relationship with Blanton had recently ended. During Blanton’s shift, she and Earls were
arguing via text message because Blanton believed Earls was spreading too much
information about her personal life. Blanton had sent Earls a text message stating “keep
my name out of your mouth.” Transcript at 14.
Around 9:45 p.m., Blanton, a coworker, and a customer were standing outside the
gas station talking. Blanton noticed Cristina Howgate, her ex-boyfriend’s sister, pull into
the gas station with Earls and two other individuals in the vehicle. Earls exited the car
while the others remained inside. Earls walked toward Blanton, pushed the coworker
aside, and struck Blanton in the face multiple times. Blanton fell to the ground, and some
of the gas station customers and coworkers came outside and immediately broke up the
fight. Earls then ran back to the car, and the car drove off. Blanton walked inside, called
the police, and reported the altercation. Blanton sustained scratches and broken nails, and
her left eye was blackened and swollen.
2 Sergeant Richard Ray with the Domestic Violence Unit of the Indianapolis
Metropolitan Police Department arrived on the scene to investigate the incident. Blanton
told Sergeant Ray that Earls attacked her. Sergeant Ray spoke with the witnesses,
observed Blanton’s injuries, and spoke with David Howgate. He attempted to speak with
Christina Howgate, but she failed to return his calls. He then filed an affidavit against
Earls, alleging she had committed battery resulting in bodily injury.
On August 29, 2012, the State charged Earls with battery. Following a bench trial,
the trial court found Earls guilty, and sentenced her to 365 days suspended to probation.
Earls was also required to attend sixteen hours of anger management classes and
complete thirty-two hours of community service. The probation period concluded upon
completion of both the anger management classes and community service. Earls now
appeals her conviction.
Discussion and Decision
I. Standard of Review
Earls contends there is insufficient evidence to support her battery conviction
because the evidence supports a finding that she acted in self-defense. The standard for
reviewing a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence to rebut a claim of self-defense is
the same standard applied to any sufficiency of the evidence claim. Wallace v. State, 725
N.E.2d 837, 840 (Ind. 2000). We do not assess witness credibility or reweigh the
evidence, and “we consider only the evidence that is favorable to the judgment along
with the reasonable inferences to be drawn therefrom to determine whether there was
sufficient evidence of probative value to support a conviction.” Staten v. State, 844
N.E.2d 186, 187 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006), trans. denied. Specifically, “[i]f there is sufficient 3 evidence of probative value to support the conclusion of the trier of fact, then the verdict
will not be disturbed.” Wallace, 725 N.E.2d at 840.
II. Self-Defense Claim
To convict Earls of battery as a Class A misdemeanor, the State needed to prove
beyond a reasonable doubt that she knowingly or intentionally touched another person in
a rude, insolent, or angry manner, resulting in bodily injury to any other person. Ind.
Code § 35-42-2-1(a)(1)(A).
Earls challenges her battery conviction by claiming she acted in self-defense. A
valid claim of self-defense is a legal justification to an otherwise criminal act. Wallace,
725 N.E.2d at 840. Our self-defense statute states in relevant part:
(c) A person is justified in using reasonable force against any other person to protect the person or a third person from what the person reasonably believes to be the imminent use of unlawful force. . . .
Ind. Code § 35-41-3-2. For a successful self-defense claim, Earls must show that 1) she
was in a place where she had a right to be; 2) she acted without fault; and 3) she had a
reasonable fear of death or great bodily harm. Wallace, 725 N.E.2d at 840.
The State has the burden of disproving at least one of the elements of self-defense
beyond a reasonable doubt. Hood v. State, 877 N.E.2d 492, 497 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007),
trans. denied. The State may meet its burden “by rebutting the defense directly, by
affirmatively showing the defendant did not act in self-defense, or by simply relying upon
the sufficiency of its evidence in chief.” Id.
Earls and Christina Howgate testified that Earls did not initiate the physical
altercation, but rather Blanton started the fight when she spit on Earls and then charged
towards her. Earls claimed that she pushed Blanton away and then fell to the ground with 4 Blanton on top of her and repeatedly hitting her. She further contends that she pushed
Blanton away by grabbing her wrists, did not use more force than was necessary to
defend herself from Blanton’s attack, and then ran back to the car and left the gas station.
She claims this proves she acted in self-defense.
Earls essentially asks that we assess witness credibility and reweigh the evidence
in her favor, which is the role of the fact-finder, not the role of this court. Wright v.
State, 828 N.E.2d 904, 906 (Ind. 2005). The trial court specifically stated, “I don’t
believe you, Ms. Earls and I don’t find your testimony credible, nor that of your friend.”
Tr. at 54.
It was reasonable for the trial court to conclude that Earls’s testimony lacked
credibility and, therefore, failed to support her self-defense claim. Earls and Blanton
clearly had a contentious relationship. Earls knew that Blanton was working at the gas
station that night because Blanton relieved her from her shift earlier that day. After
arriving at the gas station with a group of other women, only Earls exited the car.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the Dec 17 2013, 9:32 am purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
BARBARA J. SIMMONS GREGORY F. ZOELLER Oldenburg, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
LARRY D. ALLEN Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
AYANNA EARLS, ) ) Appellant-Defendant, ) ) vs. ) No. 49A02-1304-CR-364 ) STATE OF INDIANA, ) ) Appellee-Plaintiff. )
APPEAL FROM THE MARION SUPERIOR COURT The Honorable Deborah Shook, Commissioner Cause No. 49F07-1208-CM-60171
December 17, 2013
MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION
ROBB, Chief Judge Case Summary and Issue
Following a bench trial, Ayanna Earls was convicted of battery, a Class A
misdemeanor. On appeal Earls raises the sole issue of whether sufficient evidence was
presented to sustain her conviction. Concluding that sufficient evidence was presented,
we affirm.
Facts and Procedural History
On July 23, 2012, Danyetta Blanton, a Speedway gas station employee, was
working the second shift. Blanton’s shift began after she relieved Earls, also a Speedway
gas station employee. The two originally met through David Howgate, whose romantic
relationship with Blanton had recently ended. During Blanton’s shift, she and Earls were
arguing via text message because Blanton believed Earls was spreading too much
information about her personal life. Blanton had sent Earls a text message stating “keep
my name out of your mouth.” Transcript at 14.
Around 9:45 p.m., Blanton, a coworker, and a customer were standing outside the
gas station talking. Blanton noticed Cristina Howgate, her ex-boyfriend’s sister, pull into
the gas station with Earls and two other individuals in the vehicle. Earls exited the car
while the others remained inside. Earls walked toward Blanton, pushed the coworker
aside, and struck Blanton in the face multiple times. Blanton fell to the ground, and some
of the gas station customers and coworkers came outside and immediately broke up the
fight. Earls then ran back to the car, and the car drove off. Blanton walked inside, called
the police, and reported the altercation. Blanton sustained scratches and broken nails, and
her left eye was blackened and swollen.
2 Sergeant Richard Ray with the Domestic Violence Unit of the Indianapolis
Metropolitan Police Department arrived on the scene to investigate the incident. Blanton
told Sergeant Ray that Earls attacked her. Sergeant Ray spoke with the witnesses,
observed Blanton’s injuries, and spoke with David Howgate. He attempted to speak with
Christina Howgate, but she failed to return his calls. He then filed an affidavit against
Earls, alleging she had committed battery resulting in bodily injury.
On August 29, 2012, the State charged Earls with battery. Following a bench trial,
the trial court found Earls guilty, and sentenced her to 365 days suspended to probation.
Earls was also required to attend sixteen hours of anger management classes and
complete thirty-two hours of community service. The probation period concluded upon
completion of both the anger management classes and community service. Earls now
appeals her conviction.
Discussion and Decision
I. Standard of Review
Earls contends there is insufficient evidence to support her battery conviction
because the evidence supports a finding that she acted in self-defense. The standard for
reviewing a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence to rebut a claim of self-defense is
the same standard applied to any sufficiency of the evidence claim. Wallace v. State, 725
N.E.2d 837, 840 (Ind. 2000). We do not assess witness credibility or reweigh the
evidence, and “we consider only the evidence that is favorable to the judgment along
with the reasonable inferences to be drawn therefrom to determine whether there was
sufficient evidence of probative value to support a conviction.” Staten v. State, 844
N.E.2d 186, 187 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006), trans. denied. Specifically, “[i]f there is sufficient 3 evidence of probative value to support the conclusion of the trier of fact, then the verdict
will not be disturbed.” Wallace, 725 N.E.2d at 840.
II. Self-Defense Claim
To convict Earls of battery as a Class A misdemeanor, the State needed to prove
beyond a reasonable doubt that she knowingly or intentionally touched another person in
a rude, insolent, or angry manner, resulting in bodily injury to any other person. Ind.
Code § 35-42-2-1(a)(1)(A).
Earls challenges her battery conviction by claiming she acted in self-defense. A
valid claim of self-defense is a legal justification to an otherwise criminal act. Wallace,
725 N.E.2d at 840. Our self-defense statute states in relevant part:
(c) A person is justified in using reasonable force against any other person to protect the person or a third person from what the person reasonably believes to be the imminent use of unlawful force. . . .
Ind. Code § 35-41-3-2. For a successful self-defense claim, Earls must show that 1) she
was in a place where she had a right to be; 2) she acted without fault; and 3) she had a
reasonable fear of death or great bodily harm. Wallace, 725 N.E.2d at 840.
The State has the burden of disproving at least one of the elements of self-defense
beyond a reasonable doubt. Hood v. State, 877 N.E.2d 492, 497 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007),
trans. denied. The State may meet its burden “by rebutting the defense directly, by
affirmatively showing the defendant did not act in self-defense, or by simply relying upon
the sufficiency of its evidence in chief.” Id.
Earls and Christina Howgate testified that Earls did not initiate the physical
altercation, but rather Blanton started the fight when she spit on Earls and then charged
towards her. Earls claimed that she pushed Blanton away and then fell to the ground with 4 Blanton on top of her and repeatedly hitting her. She further contends that she pushed
Blanton away by grabbing her wrists, did not use more force than was necessary to
defend herself from Blanton’s attack, and then ran back to the car and left the gas station.
She claims this proves she acted in self-defense.
Earls essentially asks that we assess witness credibility and reweigh the evidence
in her favor, which is the role of the fact-finder, not the role of this court. Wright v.
State, 828 N.E.2d 904, 906 (Ind. 2005). The trial court specifically stated, “I don’t
believe you, Ms. Earls and I don’t find your testimony credible, nor that of your friend.”
Tr. at 54.
It was reasonable for the trial court to conclude that Earls’s testimony lacked
credibility and, therefore, failed to support her self-defense claim. Earls and Blanton
clearly had a contentious relationship. Earls knew that Blanton was working at the gas
station that night because Blanton relieved her from her shift earlier that day. After
arriving at the gas station with a group of other women, only Earls exited the car.
Although Earls argues she was attacked and repeatedly punched, the court noted that if
Earls had been attacked as she claimed, all three women would have jumped out of the
car to help her. However, none of the women did anything to help her. The trial court
also observed Blanton weighed significantly less than Earls. Earls testified that she only
pushed Blanton away by grabbing her wrists and did not use more force than necessary.
Her testimony failed to account for the scratches, broken nails, and blackened and
swollen left eye Blanton suffered. Moreover, after leaving the scene of the incident,
neither Earls nor anyone else in the car called the police. Even though Earls had a right
5 to be at the gas station, she cannot claim self-defense after initiating a physical
altercation.
As for Christina Howgate’s testimony, “[a] witness’s bias, prejudice or ulterior
motives are always relevant at trial in that they may discredit her or affect the weight of
her testimony.” Shanholt v. State, 448 N.E.2d 308, 316 (Ind. Ct. App. 1983). Christina
Howgate and Earls had both been deployed as part of the same Indiana National Guard
unit. They were close friends and Christina Howgate previously stated that she would
take a bullet for Earls, clearly indicating a bias.
Additionally, Sergeant Ray testified that he spoke with Blanton and other
witnesses about the incident, and he observed Blanton’s injuries before filing an affidavit
against Earls alleging battery resulting in bodily injury. The testimony of Blanton and
Sergeant Ray support the trial court’s conclusion that Earls initiated the physical
altercation and intentionally touched Blanton in a rude or angry manner, resulting in
bodily injury. The State presented sufficient evidence to convict Earls of battery and to
rebut her self-defense claim.
Conclusion
Sufficient evidence was presented to sustain Earls’s conviction, and therefore we
affirm.
Affirmed.
BARNES, J., and BROWN, J., concur.