IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF WEST VIRGINIA
CHARLESTON DIVISION
JENNIFER ATWOOD,
Plaintiff,
v. CIVIL ACTION NO. 2:17–cv–02202
BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION,
Defendant.
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER (Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment) Pending before the court is the Motion for Summary Judgment [ECF No. 16] filed by defendant Boston Scientific Corporation (“BSC”). The Motion is ripe for adjudication because the briefing is complete. As set forth below, the Motion is GRANTED in part and DENIED in part. I. Background This action involves a Texas plaintiff who was implanted with the Advantage Transvaginal Mid-Urethral Sling System, a mesh product manufactured by BSC, on April 23, 2010 in Plano, Texas. This case resides in one of seven MDLs assigned to me by the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation (“MDL”) concerning the use of transvaginal surgical mesh to treat pelvic organ prolapse (“POP”) and stress urinary incontinence (“SUI”). In the six remaining active MDLs, there are more than 10,000 cases currently pending, approximately 2600 of which are in the BSC MDL, MDL No. 2326. In an effort to manage this MDL efficiently and effectively, I decided to conduct pretrial discovery and motions practice on an individualized basis. To this end, I selected certain cases to become part of a “wave” of cases to be prepared for trial and,
if necessary, remanded. I enter a docket control order subjecting each active case in the wave to the same scheduling deadlines, rules regarding motion practice, and limitations on discovery. , Pretrial Order (“PTO”) # 165, , No. 2:12-md-02326, June 21, 2017, http://www.wvsd.uscourts.gov/MDL/boston/orders.html. The instant case was selected as part of BSC Wave 3.
II. Legal Standards A. Summary Judgment To obtain summary judgment, the moving party must show that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Fed. R. Civ. P 56(a). In considering a motion for summary judgment, the court will not “weigh the evidence and determine the truth of the matter.” , 477 U.S. 242, 249 (1986). Instead, the
court will draw any permissible inference from the underlying facts in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party. , 475 U.S. 574, 587–88 (1986). The “party seeking summary judgment always bears the initial responsibility of informing the district court of the basis for its motion, and identifying those portions of the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, which it believes demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of material fact.” , 477 U.S. 317, 323 (1986). To discharge this burden, the moving party may produce an affidavit to demonstrate
the absence of a genuine issue of material fact. The moving party, however, is not required to do so and may discharge this burden “by ‘showing’—that is, pointing out to the district court—that there is an absence of evidence to support the nonmoving party's case.” at 325; , 906 F. Supp. 334, 336 (N.D. W. Va. 1995). If the moving party sufficiently points out to the court those portions of the record that show that there is an absence of evidence to
support the nonmoving party’s case, the burden shifts to the nonmoving party to come forward with record evidence establishing a genuine issue of material fact. , 166 F. App'x 674, 678 (4th Cir. 2006) (citing , 477 U.S. at 325). Should the burden shift, the nonmoving party must offer some “concrete evidence from which a reasonable juror could return a verdict” in his or her favor. , 477 U.S. at 256. The nonmoving party must satisfy this burden of proof by
offering more than a mere “scintilla of evidence” in support of his or her position. at 252. Likewise, conclusory allegations or unsupported speculations, without more, are insufficient to preclude the granting of a summary judgment motion. , 731 F.3d 303, 311 (4th Cir. 2013); , 105 F.3d 188, 191 (4th Cir. 1997). Summary judgment is therefore appropriate when, after adequate time for discovery, the moving party first discharges the initial burden and then the nonmoving party does not make a showing sufficient to establish a genuine issue of material fact. , 477 U.S. at 322–23. B. Choice of Law
The parties agree that Texas choice-of-law principles apply to this case and that these principles compel the application of Texas substantive law to the plaintiff’s claims. Under 28 U.S.C. § 1407, this court has authority to rule on pretrial motions in MDL cases. The choice of law for these pretrial motions depends on whether they concern federal or state law:
When analyzing questions of federal law, the transferee court should apply the law of the circuit in which it is located. When considering questions of state law, however, the transferee court must apply the state law that would have applied to the individual cases had they not been transferred for consolidation.
, 97 F.3d 1050, 1055 (8th Cir. 1996) (citations omitted). If a plaintiff files her claim directly into the MDL in the Southern District of West Virginia, as the plaintiff did in this case, the court consults the choice-of-law rules of the state where the plaintiff was implanted with the product. , 2:12–cv–05762, 2014 WL 202787, at *4 (S.D. W. Va. Jan. 17, 2014) (“For cases that originate elsewhere and are directly filed into the MDL, the court will follow the better-reasoned authority that applies the choice-of-law rules of the originating jurisdiction, which in our case is the state in which the plaintiff was implanted with the product.”). In this case, the implantation surgery took place in Texas. Thus, Texas’s choice-of-law principles guide the court’s choice-of-law analysis. Texas courts employ “the most significant relationship” test to determine which
state’s substantive law to apply in a tort action. , 46 S.W.3d 829, 484 (Tx. 2000). Under this test, “the ‘most significant relationship’ analysis does not turn on the number of contacts with one state, but more importantly on the qualitative nature of those contacts.” , 748 S.W.2d 273, 276 (Tex. App. 1988); , 146 S.W.3d 302, 314 (Tex. App. 2004) (“In the context of tort cases, the factors of the justified
expectations of the parties and of certainty, predictability, and uniformity of result are of lesser importance.”) (citing Restatement (Second) of Conflicts § 148(2) cmt. b (Am. Law Inst. 1971)). To determine which state has the most significant relationship with the case, the court should consider “(a) the place where the injury occurred, (b) the place where the conduct causing the injury occurred, (c) the domicil, residence, nationality, place of incorporation and place of business of the parties, and (d) the place where the relationship, if any, between the parties is centered.”
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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF WEST VIRGINIA
CHARLESTON DIVISION
JENNIFER ATWOOD,
Plaintiff,
v. CIVIL ACTION NO. 2:17–cv–02202
BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION,
Defendant.
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER (Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment) Pending before the court is the Motion for Summary Judgment [ECF No. 16] filed by defendant Boston Scientific Corporation (“BSC”). The Motion is ripe for adjudication because the briefing is complete. As set forth below, the Motion is GRANTED in part and DENIED in part. I. Background This action involves a Texas plaintiff who was implanted with the Advantage Transvaginal Mid-Urethral Sling System, a mesh product manufactured by BSC, on April 23, 2010 in Plano, Texas. This case resides in one of seven MDLs assigned to me by the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation (“MDL”) concerning the use of transvaginal surgical mesh to treat pelvic organ prolapse (“POP”) and stress urinary incontinence (“SUI”). In the six remaining active MDLs, there are more than 10,000 cases currently pending, approximately 2600 of which are in the BSC MDL, MDL No. 2326. In an effort to manage this MDL efficiently and effectively, I decided to conduct pretrial discovery and motions practice on an individualized basis. To this end, I selected certain cases to become part of a “wave” of cases to be prepared for trial and,
if necessary, remanded. I enter a docket control order subjecting each active case in the wave to the same scheduling deadlines, rules regarding motion practice, and limitations on discovery. , Pretrial Order (“PTO”) # 165, , No. 2:12-md-02326, June 21, 2017, http://www.wvsd.uscourts.gov/MDL/boston/orders.html. The instant case was selected as part of BSC Wave 3.
II. Legal Standards A. Summary Judgment To obtain summary judgment, the moving party must show that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Fed. R. Civ. P 56(a). In considering a motion for summary judgment, the court will not “weigh the evidence and determine the truth of the matter.” , 477 U.S. 242, 249 (1986). Instead, the
court will draw any permissible inference from the underlying facts in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party. , 475 U.S. 574, 587–88 (1986). The “party seeking summary judgment always bears the initial responsibility of informing the district court of the basis for its motion, and identifying those portions of the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, which it believes demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of material fact.” , 477 U.S. 317, 323 (1986). To discharge this burden, the moving party may produce an affidavit to demonstrate
the absence of a genuine issue of material fact. The moving party, however, is not required to do so and may discharge this burden “by ‘showing’—that is, pointing out to the district court—that there is an absence of evidence to support the nonmoving party's case.” at 325; , 906 F. Supp. 334, 336 (N.D. W. Va. 1995). If the moving party sufficiently points out to the court those portions of the record that show that there is an absence of evidence to
support the nonmoving party’s case, the burden shifts to the nonmoving party to come forward with record evidence establishing a genuine issue of material fact. , 166 F. App'x 674, 678 (4th Cir. 2006) (citing , 477 U.S. at 325). Should the burden shift, the nonmoving party must offer some “concrete evidence from which a reasonable juror could return a verdict” in his or her favor. , 477 U.S. at 256. The nonmoving party must satisfy this burden of proof by
offering more than a mere “scintilla of evidence” in support of his or her position. at 252. Likewise, conclusory allegations or unsupported speculations, without more, are insufficient to preclude the granting of a summary judgment motion. , 731 F.3d 303, 311 (4th Cir. 2013); , 105 F.3d 188, 191 (4th Cir. 1997). Summary judgment is therefore appropriate when, after adequate time for discovery, the moving party first discharges the initial burden and then the nonmoving party does not make a showing sufficient to establish a genuine issue of material fact. , 477 U.S. at 322–23. B. Choice of Law
The parties agree that Texas choice-of-law principles apply to this case and that these principles compel the application of Texas substantive law to the plaintiff’s claims. Under 28 U.S.C. § 1407, this court has authority to rule on pretrial motions in MDL cases. The choice of law for these pretrial motions depends on whether they concern federal or state law:
When analyzing questions of federal law, the transferee court should apply the law of the circuit in which it is located. When considering questions of state law, however, the transferee court must apply the state law that would have applied to the individual cases had they not been transferred for consolidation.
, 97 F.3d 1050, 1055 (8th Cir. 1996) (citations omitted). If a plaintiff files her claim directly into the MDL in the Southern District of West Virginia, as the plaintiff did in this case, the court consults the choice-of-law rules of the state where the plaintiff was implanted with the product. , 2:12–cv–05762, 2014 WL 202787, at *4 (S.D. W. Va. Jan. 17, 2014) (“For cases that originate elsewhere and are directly filed into the MDL, the court will follow the better-reasoned authority that applies the choice-of-law rules of the originating jurisdiction, which in our case is the state in which the plaintiff was implanted with the product.”). In this case, the implantation surgery took place in Texas. Thus, Texas’s choice-of-law principles guide the court’s choice-of-law analysis. Texas courts employ “the most significant relationship” test to determine which
state’s substantive law to apply in a tort action. , 46 S.W.3d 829, 484 (Tx. 2000). Under this test, “the ‘most significant relationship’ analysis does not turn on the number of contacts with one state, but more importantly on the qualitative nature of those contacts.” , 748 S.W.2d 273, 276 (Tex. App. 1988); , 146 S.W.3d 302, 314 (Tex. App. 2004) (“In the context of tort cases, the factors of the justified
expectations of the parties and of certainty, predictability, and uniformity of result are of lesser importance.”) (citing Restatement (Second) of Conflicts § 148(2) cmt. b (Am. Law Inst. 1971)). To determine which state has the most significant relationship with the case, the court should consider “(a) the place where the injury occurred, (b) the place where the conduct causing the injury occurred, (c) the domicil, residence, nationality, place of incorporation and place of business of the parties, and (d) the place where the relationship, if any, between the parties is centered.”
, 146 S.W.3d at 314–15 (paragraph breaks omitted) (quoting Restatement (Second) of Conflicts § 145(2)). Here, the plaintiff resides in Texas, she received her implant in Texas, and her alleged injuries and follow-up care occurred in Texas. Accordingly, I FIND that Texas has the most significant relationship to the lawsuit, and I apply Texas’s substantive law to this case. III. Analysis BSC argues that it is entitled to summary judgment on all of the plaintiff’s claims because they lack a legal or evidentiary basis.
A. Manufacturing Defect The plaintiff points to no evidence that the product departed from its intended design at the time it left BSC’s control. Accordingly, BSC’s Motion is GRANTED as to Count III (Strict Liability – Manufacturing Defect). B. Breach of Warranty To recover for the breach of an express or implied warranty, Texas law requires
that a plaintiff provide notice to the seller before filing suit. Section 2.607(c)(1) of the Texas Business & Commerce Code mandates that “the buyer must within a reasonable time after he discovers or should have discovered any breach notify the seller of breach or be barred from any remedy.” Tex. Bus. & Com. Code Ann. § 2.607; , 471 F. Supp. 2d 739, 745 (E.D. Tex. 2006) (“[T]he Court agrees that to maintain the claim for breach of warranty, notice was required.”), , 526 F.3d 203 (5th Cir. 2008); , 696
S.W.2d 423, 424–25 (Tex. App. 1985) (“[S]ection 2.607(c)(1) requires that a buyer notify any seller . . . of the product’s alleged defect within a reasonable time of discovering the defect and that failure to do so bars the buyer from any remedy for breach of warranty under the Texas Business & Commerce Code.”). The rule applies to manufacturers as well as sellers. , 110 S.W.3d 194, 199 (Tex. App. 2003) (“[U]nder section 2.607(c)(1), a buyer is required to give notice of an alleged breach of warranty to a remote manufacturer.”). Here, the plaintiff has not submitted any evidence that she provided the requisite pre-suit notice to BSC. Accordingly, BSC’s Motion is GRANTED as to Count V (Breach of Express Warranty) and Count VI (Breach of Implied Warranty). C. Remaining Claims I FIND that genuine disputes of material fact exist regarding the plaintiff's remaining claims challenged by BSC. Accordingly, BSC’s Motion as to all remaining claims is DENIED. IV. Conclusion For the reasons discussed above, it is ORDERED that BSC’s Motion for Summary Judgment [ECF No. 16] is GRANTED with respect to Count III (Strict Liability — Manufacturing Defect); Count V (Breach of Express Warranty); and Count VI (Breach of Implied Warranty), and these claims are DISMISSED with prejudice. It is further ORDERED that the Motion is DENIED in all other respects. The court DIRECTS the Clerk to send a copy of this Order to counsel of record and any unrepresented party. ENTER: August 7, 2018
fo / YO _AOSEPH R. GOODWIN { UNITED STATES DISTI CT JUDGE