Filed 11/29/18; Modified and Certified for Pub. 12/20/18 (order attached)
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION TWO
ASSOCIATED CHINO TEACHERS, E068163
Plaintiff and Appellant, (Super.Ct.No. CIVDS1621798)
v. PUBLIC—REDACTED VERSION OF OPINION CHINO VALLEY UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT, Redacts material from sealed record.* (Cal. Rules of Court, Defendant and Respondent. rules 8.45, 8.46(f)(1) and (f)(2).)
APPEAL from the Superior Court of San Bernardino County. David Cohn, Judge.
Reversed with directions.
Schwartz, Steinsapir, Dohrmann & Sommers, Michael R. Feinberg and Amy
Moolin Cu for Plaintiff and Appellant.
*This case involves material from a sealed record. In accordance with California Rules of Court, rule 8.46(f)(1) and (f)(2), we have prepared both public (redacted) and sealed (unredacted) versions of this opinion. We hereby order the unredacted version of this opinion sealed.
1 Atkinson, Andelson, Loya, Ruud & Romo, Anthony P. De Marco and Jacquelyn
Takeda Morenz for Defendant and Respondent.
On December 21, 2016, plaintiff and appellant Associated Chino Teachers (ACT)
filed a verified petition for writ of mandate, seeking to prevent defendant and respondent
Chino Valley Unified School District (CVUSD) from releasing two documents relating to
the results of an investigation into a public high school teacher’s (Doe) actions as a girls’
volleyball coach. Doe’s actions did not result in any type of discipline or adverse action
from the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing (CTC). The trial court denied
the petition. ACT appeals contending the disclosure of these documents is not authorized
under the California Public Records Act. (CPRA; Gov. Code, § 6250, et seq.)1 It argues
that disclosure would significantly harm Doe’s privacy rights. (§ 6254, subd. (c).)
Alternatively, ACT asserts the public interest in not disclosing the documents outweighs
the public interest in disclosing them. (§ 6255.)
We conclude the CPRA does not require the production of the documents because
Doe’s privacy interests outweigh the public interest in their disclosure. We therefore do
not address ACT’s alternative argument. We reverse the judgment and remand the matter
to the trial court to enter a new order granting the petition.
1 Statutory references are to the Government Code unless otherwise indicated.
2 I. PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND AND FACTS
ACT is the employee organization that serves as the exclusive representative for
CVUSD’s teachers. Doe is a high school teacher in CVUSD and a member of ACT.
During their2 two-decade career with CVUSD, they have never received any warnings or
discipline relating to their assignment as a classroom teacher. During the fall of 2016,
while Doe was coaching the girls’ volleyball team, CVUSD received two separate
complaints from parents/guardians (hereinafter “complainants”) of student-athletes,
regarding Doe’s conduct, namely, yelling and belittling the student-athletes in public and
holding practice at their home. Complainants did not allege any sexual harassment,
sexual misconduct, physical violence, threats of violence, drug-related wrongdoing,
criminal activity, or any other egregious misconduct.
CVUSD investigated the allegations against Doe and provided complainants with
a written disposition of their complaints (dated Oct. 21 & Nov. 21, 2016, collectively
disposition letters). Doe received a letter of warning (dated Nov. 4, 2016) and a letter of
concern (dated Dec. 1, 2016), which were placed in their official personnel file. The
2 In order to protect the identity of Doe, we will use the gender-neutral pronoun “they.” (See American University, The Center for Diversity & Inclusion, Office of Campus Life, Pronouns: A Guide for the American University Community at [as of Nov. 29, 2018] [“When using ‘they’ as a singular gender inclusive pronoun, you would still conjugate associated verbs as you would for the plural version, as in ‘they are an activist’ or ‘they like to go shopping’, not ‘they is an activist’ or ‘they likes to go shopping.’”].)
3 disposition letters were not placed in Doe’s official personnel file. Doe resigned from the
coaching position in November 2016.
On or about November 14, 2016, Beau Yarbrough, a staff writer for the Southern
California News Group and a contributor to the Inland Valley Daily Bulletin, requested
(1) Doe’s “current job assignment and current salary,” (2) “information regarding
additional compensation or benefits for coaches at [CVUSD] and the length of coaching
assignments,” (3) “a copy of all complaints made against [Doe] in [their] career with
[CVUSD]” and (4) “any documents relating to the status or resolution of those
complaints.” Yarbrough later narrowed his request to records that demonstrated the
results of CVUSD’s investigation. After determining that the complaints against Doe
were substantial in nature and well founded, CVUSD informed Doe of its intent to
disclose the disposition letters, while providing them an opportunity to contest such
disclosure pursuant to the holding in Marken v. Santa Monica-Malibu Unified School
Dist. (2012) 202 Cal.App.4th 1250 (Marken). Doe objected to the release of the
disposition letters. Nonetheless, on December 13, 2016, CVUSD notified Doe that it
would be releasing them after December 23, 2016, unless prevented from doing so by a
court order. On December 19, 2016, CVUSD provided Doe with copies of the letters.
On December 21, 2016, ACT filed a verified petition for writ of mandate seeking
to prevent disclosure of the disposition letters. On December 22, 2016, ACT successfully
moved ex parte for a temporary restraining order (TRO) and order to show cause for a
preliminary injunction, enjoining CVUSD from disclosing Doe’s personnel records
during the pendency of the action, and the trial court sealed the relevant documents.
4 Subsequently, the parties stipulated that the preliminary injunction would be in effect
pending further order of the court following the hearing on the petition for writ of
mandate.
On February 21, 2017, the trial court denied the petition for writ of mandate
without providing substantive reasoning or analysis in support of its ruling. Judgment
was entered on April 5, 2017, and CVUSD filed a notice of entry of judgment on April
12, 2017.
II. DISCUSSION
A. Standard of Review.
Generally, “[a]n appellate court’s role in the CPRA process is to ‘conduct an
independent review of the trial court’s ruling; factual findings made by the trial court will
be upheld if based on substantial evidence. [Citation.]’” (Wilder v. Superior Court
(1998) 66 Cal.App.4th 77, 84.) Here, however, the pertinent facts are not disputed and
the question is simply whether the CPRA mandates disclosure of the disposition letters.
Since the issue involves the application of the CPRA to a given set of facts, it is a
question of law subject to de novo appellate review. (Lorig v. Medical Board (2000)
78 Cal.App.4th 462, 467.)
B. The CPRA.
“The California Constitution guarantees both the individual’s right of privacy
[citations] and the public’s ‘right of access to information concerning the public’s
business’ [citation], including ‘the writings of public officials and agencies.’ [Citations.]
With respect to the latter right, the Supreme Court has observed, ‘Openness in
5 government is essential to the functioning of a democracy. “Implicit in the democratic
process is the notion that government should be accountable for its actions. In order to
verify accountability, individuals must have access to government files. Such access
permits checks against the arbitrary exercise of official power and secrecy in the political
process.”’ [Citation.]
“In the CPRA the Legislature has sought to reconcile these two fundamental, but
sometimes conflicting, conditional rights. While ‘mindful of the right of individuals to
privacy’ [citation], the Legislature has declared ‘access to information concerning the
conduct of the people’s business is a fundamental and necessary right of every person in
this state.’ [Citation.] Thus, the CPRA generally provides ‘every person has a right to
inspect any public record . . .’ [citation], ‘[e]xcept with respect to public records exempt
from disclosure by express provisions of law . . . .’ [Citation.] Section 6254, in turn, lists
29 categories of documents exempt from the requirement of public disclosure, many of
which are designed to protect individual privacy, including, ‘Personnel, medical, or
similar files, the disclosure of which would constitute an unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy.’ [Citations.] Section 6255, subdivision (a), also permits a public
agency to withhold other records if it can demonstrate ‘on the facts of the particular case
the public interest served by not disclosing the record clearly outweighs the public
interest served by disclosure of the record.’
“These statutory exemptions from mandatory disclosure under the CPRA must be
narrowly construed. [Citations.] Moreover, the exemptions from disclosure provided by
section 6254 are permissive, not mandatory: They allow nondisclosure but do not
6 prohibit disclosure. [Citations.] Indeed, the penultimate sentence of section 6254
provides, ‘Nothing in this section prevents any agency from opening its records
concerning the administration of the agency to public inspection, unless disclosure is
otherwise prohibited by law.’ [Citation.]” (Marken, supra, 202 Cal.App.4th at pp. 1261-
1262.)
C. The Appeal Is Not Moot Because the Right to Assert Exemption Under the
CPRA Has Not Been Forfeited.
Because the disposition letters were disclosed to complainants, CVUSD contends
that they are public records, and the appeal therefore is moot. (Black Panther Party v.
Kehoe (1974) 42 Cal.App.3d 645, 656 [citizen complaints to the State Department of
Consumer Affairs alleging unethical practices by licensed collection agencies were public
records available for public inspection because the agency routinely disclosed them to the
affected collection agencies].) We disagree. CVUSD’s unilateral disclosure of the
disposition letters to complainants did not forfeit the right to assert the personnel and
similar files exemption under the CPRA, nor did it mandate the release of these
documents to the general public. (BRV, Inc. v. Superior Court (2006) 143 Cal.App.4th
742 (BRV).)
In BRV, a school district received complaints that its superintendent had sexually
harassed and verbally abused students. (BRV, supra, 143 Cal.App.4th at p. 747.) The
district investigated the complaints by retaining a private investigator (PI), who
interviewed numerous parents, students, and employees. (Id. at pp. 747-748.) The PI
prepared, inter alia, summaries of the interviews and submitted all documents to the
7 district. (Id. at p. 748.) The district sent to some complainants a copy of the summary of
their interview, soliciting their review and comments. (Ibid.) BRV, a newspaper
publisher, obtained copies of some of these documents. (Ibid.)
Meanwhile, the superintendent resigned on certain conditions, including the
district’s agreement not to release any documents in the superintendent’s personnel file
absent any consent or unless required by law. (BRV, supra, 143 Cal.App.4th at p. 748.)
Shortly thereafter, the district received approximately 40 tort claims based on the
superintendent’s alleged misconduct. (Id. at p. 749.) Pursuant to CPRA, BRV requested
copies of the PI’s report and any documentation pertaining to the district’s retention of
the PI and the superintendent’s resignation. When the district refused to provide the PI’s
report on the ground it was exempt under the CPRA, BRV filed a petition for writ of
mandate. (BRV, at p. 749.) The trial court determined that the PI’s report, including the
interview summaries, were not subject to disclosure, and the district did not waive its
right to prevent disclosure by transmitting the interview summaries to complainants for
review and comment. (Ibid.) The Court of Appeal held that the documents should be
disclosed. In reaching this decision, the court did not conclude that the interview
summaries became public records upon their disclosure to complainants. Rather, it
weighed the superintendent’s privacy interest against the public’s right to know and
found that the public’s right to know outweighed any privacy interests due to the
superintendent’s “position of authority as a public official and the public nature of the
allegations.” (Id. at p. 759.)
8 This case shares some factual similarities with BRV. Here, the relevant documents
were provided to the complainants; however, they were not provided to a newspaper.
Given the similarity of this case to BRV, we agree with the BRV court’s approach of
weighing the competing interests before ordering disclosure of the documents. We
therefore conclude that the right to assert confidentiality is not forfeited even though the
information contained in the disposition letters is the same as or like the information
available elsewhere in the public domain. (BRV, supra, 143 Cal.App.4th at pp. 748-749;
Pasadena Police Officers Association v. Superior Court (2015) 240 Cal.App.4th 268, 294
[“The fact that information in an officer’s personnel records may also be found in an
unprotected source does not impact the confidentiality of the personnel records
themselves.”].) The appeal therefore is not moot.
D. The Documents are Exempt from Disclosure.
ACT contends the trial court erred in finding that the disposition letters were not
exempt from disclosure under the CPRA. It argues that Doe’s privacy interest outweighs
any interest the public may have in viewing the insubstantial allegations and findings
pertaining to Doe’s actions in their former position as a high school girls’ volleyball
coach. We agree.
Public records are exempt from disclosure if they (1) are “[p]ersonnel, . . . or
similar files, the disclosure of which would constitute an unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy” (§ 6254, subd. (c)) or (2) fit within a catch-all exemption where “the
facts of the particular case” demonstrate that “the public interest served by not disclosing
the record clearly outweighs the public interest served by disclosure of the record”
9 (§ 6255, subd. (a)). “Courts apply a three-step analysis in determining whether [either of
these exemptions] applies. As a threshold matter, the court must determine whether the
records sought constitute a personnel file, . . . or other similar file. If so, the court must
determine whether disclosure of the information would ‘compromise substantial privacy
interests; if privacy interests in given information are de minimis disclosure would not
amount to a “clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy” . . . . Lastly, the court
must determine whether the potential harm to privacy interests from disclosure outweighs
the public interest in disclosure. [Citations.]’” (Versaci v. Superior Court (2005)
127 Cal.App.4th 805, 818.) In weighing these competing interests, “we must determine
‘the extent to which disclosure of the requested item of information will shed light on the
public agency’s performance of its duty.’ [Citation.]” (Id. at p. 820.)
1. The Disposition Letters Constitute Personnel or Other Similar Records.
The parties disagree on whether the disposition letters qualify as personnel or
other similar records exempt from disclosure. We conclude that they qualify as personnel
or other similar records.
The disposition letters contain personal information that applies specifically to
Doe. [REDACTED] Because they
include personal information about Doe to which access is limited to the employee’s
supervisors, they qualify as personnel records. The scope of personnel records generally
covers records “relating to the employee’s performance or to any grievance concerning
the employee.” (Lab. Code, § 1198.5, subd. (a); see also Ed. Code, § 44031, subd. (a)
[extending Lab. Code, § 1198.5 to Cal. teachers].)
10 Contrary to CVUSD’s claim that “the records indicate they do not contain
information pertaining to ‘confidential personnel matters,’” [REDACTED]
[REDACTED]
Because the letters contain information about Doe that is subject
to privacy issues (investigation into allegations of misconduct), they also qualify as other
similar files. The term “similar files” has been interpreted to “have a broad, rather than a
narrow, meaning.” (Department of State v. Washington Post Co. (1982) 456 U.S. 595,
600 [detailed government records on an individual qualify as other similar files
(addressing the federal Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) (5 U.S.C. § 552 et seq.)
request for documents indicating whether certain Iranian nationals held valid U.S.
passports)]; Versaci v. Superior Court, supra, 127 Cal.App.4th at 818 [CPRA was
modeled after the FOIA and thus “the ‘legislative history and judicial construction of the
FOIA . . . “serve to illuminate the interpretation of its California counterpart.”’
[Citation.]”].) Similar files may simply be government records containing “information
which applies to a particular individual.” (Department of State v. Washington Post Co.,
at p. 602; Dept. of Air Force v. Rose (1976) 425 U.S. 352, 353-354 [case summaries from
cadet ethics hearings at the Air Force Academy qualify as other similar files].)
Notwithstanding the above, CVUSD finds it significant that the letters “were not
placed in [Doe’s] personnel file,” and argues that because they “were specifically
prepared for disclosure to members of the public,” the letters do not qualify as personnel
11 or similar files. We are not persuaded by the argument. Regarding the failure to include
the letters in Doe’s personnel file, there are rational reasons for not including them.
However, the letters do not lose the protection of section 6254, subdivision (c), merely
because they are stored by CVUSD in a location other than personnel files. (City of San
Jose v. Superior Court (2017) 2 Cal.5th 608, 624 [“document’s status as public or
confidential does not turn on the arbitrary circumstance of where the document is
located”].) It is the contents of the documents themselves that determine their
confidential nature. (Commission on Peace Officer Standards & Training v. Superior
Court (2007) 42 Cal.4th 278, 291 [“unlikely the Legislature intended to render
documents confidential based on their location, rather than their content”].)
Likewise, the fact that the letters were addressed to the complainants does not
necessarily mean they are foreclosed from constituting personnel or other similar records.
Rather, the very nature of the complaints mandated confidential treatment and
communication. Thus, after the investigation was completed, it was logical for CVUSD
to provide complainants with responses to their complaints via written reports, namely
the disposition letters. These letters were addressed only to the relevant parties,
specifically each complainant, and CVUSD only provided each complainant with
information regarding its investigation into their allegations concerning their own child.
Everything was handled confidentially as evidenced by the statements informing the
parents
12 Contrary to CVUSD’s contention, the evidence demonstrates that the letters
constitute personnel or other similar records. In short, the disposition letters are part of
Doe’s personnel file or other similar file for purposes of evaluating the privacy balancing
of section 6254, subdivision (c).
2. Disclosure of the Disposition Letters Would Compromise Substantial Privacy
Interests.
The CPRA recognizes the right of privacy in one’s personnel files by the
exemption in section 6254, subdivision (c). (BRV, supra, 143 Cal.App.4th at pp. 756-
757; § 6254, subd. (c); Detroit Edison Co. v. NLRB (1979) 440 U.S. 301, 319, fn. 16 [“A
person’s interest in preserving the confidentiality of sensitive information contained in
his personnel files has been given forceful recognition in both federal and state legislation
governing the recordkeeping activities of public employers and agencies.”].) The
disposition letters are the kind of records the courts have found to implicate substantial
privacy interests: They identify allegations of Doe’s misconduct as a volleyball coach
and CVUSD’s findings based on an investigation. (Marken, supra, 202 Cal.App.4th at
pp. 1274-1276 [disclosure of allegations of teacher’s sexual harassment of students
involves substantial privacy interests that must be weighed against public’s right to
know]; BRV, at p. 759 [disclosure of report regarding retired school district
superintendent’s alleged misconduct involves substantial privacy interests]; and
Bakersfield City School Dist. v. Superior Court (2004) 118 Cal.App.4th 1041, 1045-1047
(Bakersfield) [disclosure of a school district employee’s alleged wrongdoing involves
substantial privacy interests].) We conclude that disclosure of the disposition letters
13 would compromise Doe’s significant privacy interest. We therefore turn to the final step
in our analysis.
3. The Potential Harm to Privacy Interests Outweighs the Public Interest in
Disclosure.
There is an “inherent tension between the public’s right to know and the society’s
interest in protecting private citizens (including public servants) from unwarranted
invasions of privacy. [Citation.] One way to resolve this tension is to try to determine
‘the extent to which disclosure of the requested item of information will shed light on the
public agency’s performance of its duty.’” (Los Angeles Unified School Dist. v. Superior
Court (2014) 228 Cal.App.4th 222, 241.) Here, the public has a significant interest in the
conduct of public school teachers and coaches, and in knowing how CVUSD handles
allegations of their misconduct. We must decide whether the potential harm that
disclosure of the disposition letters could cause to Doe’s privacy interest outweighs the
public interest in disclosure. We begin by considering whether the letters contain
allegations of misconduct that are substantial in nature.
“In Chronicle Pub. Co. v. Superior Court (1960) 54 Cal.2d 548 . . . , our Supreme
Court concluded that complaints confidentially made to the State Bar regarding an
attorney’s professional conduct, and the investigations of those complaints, that do not
result in public or private discipline, are confidential and not subject to disclosure. The
rule serves two public interests. First, it protects the proper functioning of the bar’s
disciplinary system by ensuring people may file complaints without risk of creating a
publicly accessible record and being subject to a libel action. [Citation.] [¶] Second, the
14 rule of nondisclosure protects individual members of the bar from unwarranted attacks
and accusations. [Citation.] ‘[The attorney] is not exposed to publicity where groundless
charges are made. . . . The fact that a charge has been made against an attorney, no
matter how guiltless the attorney might be, if generally known, would do the attorney
irreparable harm even though he be cleared by the State Bar.’ [Citation.]” (BRV, supra,
143 Cal.App.4th at pp. 757-758.)
The rule in Chronicle Pub. Co. v. Superior Court (1960) 54 Cal.2d 548, has been
applied to personnel records maintained by a school district. (Bakersfield, supra,
118 Cal.App.4th at pp. 1045-1046.) In Bakersfield, a newspaper sought complaints and
disciplinary records of a school district employee. (Id. at pp. 1043-1044.) The trial court
prevented disclosure of records that were not substantial in nature but allowed disclosure
as to complaints regarding one incident described as sexual-type conduct, threats of
violence, and violence. The court found these complaints to be substantial in nature and
reasonably well founded. (Ibid.) The Court of Appeal affirmed, finding that the
disclosure of the complaints to the public does not rest upon a finding that the complaints
were true or discipline was imposed. (Id. at p. 1046.) Rather, “[i]n evaluating whether a
complaint against an employee is well founded within the context of section 6250 et seq.,
both trial and appellate courts, . . . originally and upon review, are required to examine
the documents presented to determine whether they reveal sufficient indicia of reliability
to support a reasonable conclusion that the complaint was well founded. The courts must
consider such indicia of reliability in performing their ultimate task of balancing the
competing concerns of a public employee’s right to privacy and the public interest served
15 by disclosure. [Citations.]” (Id. at p. 1047; cf. Kelvin L. v. Superior Court (1976)
62 Cal.App.3d 823, 830-831 [under Evid. Code, § 1040, “the fact that the charges against
the officers were not substantiated [is a] factor[] which the court may weigh in deciding
whether the public interest favors disclosure”].)
Upon de novo review of the entire record, we conclude the disposition letters
provide a sufficient basis upon which to reasonably deduce the complaints against Doe
are not substantial. (Marken, supra, 202 Cal.App.4th at p. 1272 [“[A] proper
reconciliation between the right to information embodied in the CPRA and the
constitutional right to privacy requires ‘the recorded complaint be of a substantial nature
before public access is permitted.’”].) In comparison to Bakersfield and Marken, none of
the complaints against Doe involved allegations of sexual-type conduct, threats of
violence, and violence. (Bakersfield, supra, 118 Cal.App.4th at pp. 1043-1044; Marken,
at pp. 1274-1275.) Instead, they were limited to Doe yelling and belittling the student-
athletes in public,
and
holding practice at their home.3 The same complaints could most likely be made and
found true of every successful high school athletic coach across the nation. Doe’s
conduct was objectively reasonable. They did nothing more than what most dedicated
3 [REDACTED]
16 coaches do to motivate players, maintain discipline and team morale, and push athletes
toward their full potential.
Moreover, because CVUSD handled the investigation into the complaints
internally, they were not egregious enough to warrant the retention of an outside party to
independently conduct the investigation. (See BRV, supra, 143 Cal.App.4th at p. 747;
Marken, supra, 202 Cal.App.4th at p. 1255.) CVUSD took no formal disciplinary action
(suspension or dismissal) against Doe that required reporting to the CTC. (Ed. Code,
§§ 44242.5 [when a district imposes discipline on an employee such as a suspension for
more than 10 days or termination because of an allegation of misconduct, the district is
required to make a report to the CTC] & 44938 [district is required to give an employee
at least 45-calendar-day notice before acting upon any charges of unprofessional
conduct].) Doe is not a high profile public official such as the superintendent in BRV
who “had a significantly reduced expectation of privacy in the matters of his public
employment.” (BRV, at p. 758.) Instead, Doe is a teacher who resigned from coaching
the girls’ volleyball team. CVUSD’s concern that Doe could return to coaching is, at
best, speculative: It assumes that a girls’ volleyball coaching position becomes available,
Doe applies for it, and CVUSD chooses to hire them.
Based on the above, we conclude that Doe’s privacy interest in the disposition
letters outweighs the public’s minimal interest in the matter. The letters therefore are
exempt from disclosure under section 6254, subdivision (c).
Because of our conclusion, we need not address ACT’s remaining argument.
17 III. DISPOSITION
The judgment is reversed. On remand, the trial court shall enter a new order
granting ACT’s petition for writ of mandate. ACT is awarded costs on appeal.
McKINSTER Acting P. J. We concur:
CODRINGTON J.
FIELDS J.
18 Filed 12/20/18
CERTIFIED FOR PUBLICATION
v. ORDER RE REQUESTS TO PUBLISH PUBLIC—REDACTED CHINO VALLEY UNIFIED SCHOOL VERSION OF OPINION AND DISTRICT, ORDER MODIFYING PUBLIC— REDACTED VERSION OF Defendant and Respondent. OPINION
[NO CHANGE IN JUDGMENT]
Involves material from sealed record.1 (Cal. Rules of Court, rules 8.45, 8.46(f)(1) and (f)(2).)
The requests for publication, filed December 18, 2018, by appellant, Associated
Chino Teachers, and by the American Federation of State, County and Municipal
Employees, the California Faculty Association, the California Federation of Teachers, the
1This case involves material from a sealed record. In accordance with California Rules of Court, rule 8.46(f)(1) and (f)(2), we have prepared both public (redacted) and confidential (unredacted) versions of this opinion. We hereby order the confidential— unredacted version of this opinion sealed and nonpublished.
1 California School Employees Association, and the Service Employees International
Union, to publish the nonpublished public—redacted version of the opinion filed in the
above matter on November 29, 2018, are granted.
The opinion meets the standards for publication as specified in California Rules of
Court, rule 8.1105(c)(2), (3), (4) and (6).
It is so ordered that the public—redacted version of said opinion be certified for
publication pursuant to California Rules of Court, rule 8.1105(b).
On the court’s own motion, the public—redacted version of the opinion filed
November 29, 2018, and ordered published in this order, is modified as follows:
On page 11, the paragraph that begins “Contrary to CVUSD’s claim that . . .” is
modified to read:
We reject CVUSD’s claim that “the records indicate they do not contain
information pertaining to ‘confidential personnel matters.’” [REDACTED]
On page 12, in the last full paragraph, the sentence that begins “Everything was
handled confidentially . . .” is modified to read:
Everything was handled confidentially. [REDACTED]
These modifications do not change the judgment.