Ardis v. Sessions

682 S.E.2d 249, 383 S.C. 528, 2009 S.C. LEXIS 285
CourtSupreme Court of South Carolina
DecidedAugust 3, 2009
Docket26695
StatusPublished
Cited by9 cases

This text of 682 S.E.2d 249 (Ardis v. Sessions) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of South Carolina primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Ardis v. Sessions, 682 S.E.2d 249, 383 S.C. 528, 2009 S.C. LEXIS 285 (S.C. 2009).

Opinions

Justice KITTREDGE:

In this chiropractic malpractice action, the court of appeals reversed a defense jury verdict based on an erroneous jury instruction. Ardis v. Sessions, 370 S.C. 229, 633 S.E.2d 905 (Ct.App.2006). We granted a writ of certiorari to review the decision of the court of appeals. We reverse and reinstate the defense verdict, for we hold Respondents were not prejudiced by the jury charge.

[530]*530I.

Diana Ardis suffered a herniated disk which resulted in surgery on February 29, 1996. Ardis sued Dr. Edward L. Sessions in negligence for chiropractic malpractice, claiming Sessions caused the herniated disk when he performed a spinal manipulation on February 19, 1996.1 Sessions denied he performed a manipulation on February 19, and the trial centered on who was telling the truth about the February 19 office visit.

Ardis reported on February 19 to Sessions (and separately to his office assistant) “that she had slipped off of a ladder hurting her left low back and leg.” Ardis admitted she made the statements about falling off a ladder, but purportedly only in jest. “At trial, Sessions testified that instead of a manipulation that day, he used a less invasive treatment, which would have been insufficient to herniate [Ardis’] disk.”2 Ardis, 370 S.C. at 231, 633 S.E.2d at 906.

The jury returned a defense verdict. Ardis appealed, challenging the “good faith” portion of the jury charge, the refusal to charge the jury as requested, and certain evidentiary rulings. A panel majority of the court of appeals reversed and remanded based on its view that the “good faith” jury charge was erroneous and prejudicial. One member of the appellate panel dissented, noting that “[w]hen reviewing a jury instruction for alleged error, the appellate court must consider the charge as a whole in light of the evidence and issues presented [531]*531at trial.” Ardis, 370 S.C. at 234, 633 S.E.2d at 907 (Beatty, J. dissenting).

II.

A.

The challenged jury charge is as follows:

I ... charge you that a mistake in diagnosis of itself will not support a verdict in a malpractice suit. I charge you that a physician is not ordinarily liable for making an incorrect diagnosis where it is made in good faith and there is reasonable doubt as to the nature of the physical conditions involved or as to what should be done in accordance with recognized authority in good current practice or where it is made in good faith on observation of the patient and based upon physical evidences and symptoms which would warrant such diagnosis by a reasonably prudent and informed physician.3

The court of appeals agreed with Ardis and found the jury instruction erroneous and prejudicial.

We agree with the court of appeals majority that a “good faith” jury charge in a professional malpractice case is improper due to the implication that “an error in judgment is actionable only if made in bad faith.” McCourt ex rel. McCourt v. Abernathy, 318 S.C. 301, 306, 457 S.E.2d 603, 606 (1995). The “good faith” instruction requires a plaintiff in a malpractice action to demonstrate not only a departure from the standard of care, but additionally that such error was made in bad faith. The “good faith” instruction impermissibly adds a subjective component contrary to our objective professional negligence law.

B.

The “good faith” instruction, while erroneous, did not prejudice Ardis.

[532]*532When an appellate court reviews an alleged error in a jury charge, it “must consider the court’s jury charge as a whole in light of the evidence and issues presented at trial. If, as a whole, the charges are reasonably free from error, isolated portions which might be misleading do not constitute reversible error.” Keaton ex rel. Foster v. Greenville Hosp. Sys., 334 S.C. 488, 497, 514 S.E.2d 570, 575 (1999) (citations omitted). This holistic approach to jury instructions is linked to the principle of appellate procedure that “[a]n error not shown to be prejudicial does not constitute grounds for reversal.” Brown v. Pearson, 326 S.C. 409, 417, 483 S.E.2d 477, 481 (Ct.App.1997); see also Cole v. Rant, 378 S.C. 398, 405, 663 S.E.2d 30, 33 (2008) (reciting the rule that a charge must be erroneous and prejudicial to warrant reversal); Ellison v. Simmons, 238 S.C. 364, 372, 120 S.E.2d 209, 213 (1961) (noting that a jury “charge, even if erroneous, on a matter not in issue, is not always considered prejudicial”).

The “good faith” jury instruction was limited to liability associated with “an incorrect diagnosis.” Ardis, 370 S.C. at 232, 633 S.E.2d at 906. At best, the malpractice claim of Ardis only tangentially concerned an incorrect diagnosis. Because the outcome of the malpractice claim turned on who was telling the truth about the February 19 office visit, the trial focused on the conflicting testimony and the records of the February 19 visit.

As counsel for Sessions argued to the jury, “we come back to this piece of paper [concerning the February 19 office visit] because the case turns on the accuracy of this document.” Sessions’ counsel further argued in closing that “the bottom line issue is[,] did she get a chiropractic adjustment on February the 19th, 1996? Because if she didn’t, her whole case is gone.”4

Most professional negligence actions involve scrutiny of the professional’s exercise of judgment. This case, however, presents an exception to the typical professional malpractice claim in that the outcome of this malpractice claim turned on who was telling the truth about the February 19 office visit. [533]*533Accordingly, when the challenged jury charge is viewed “in light of the evidence and issues presented at trial[,]” it becomes apparent that the challenged “good faith” jury charge resulted in no prejudice to Ardis. Keaton, 334 S.C. at 497, 514 S.E.2d at 575.

C.

Because the court of appeals reversed the defense verdict based on the “good faith” jury charge, the court of appeals did not reach Ardis’ other appellate issues. We have reviewed the record and find no prejudicial errors in the exclusion of evidence or the trial court’s refusal to give a requested instruction. We affirm the trial court pursuant to Rule 220(b)(1), SCACR, and the following authorities: Issues II, III, and V: Gamble v. Int’l Paper Realty Corp. of S.C., 323 S.C. 367, 373, 474 S.E.2d 438, 441 (1996) (“The admission or exclusion of evidence is a matter within the sound discretion of the trial court and absent clear abuse, will not be disturbed on appeal.”); and Issue IV: Daves v. Cleary, 355 S.C. 216, 224, 584 S.E.2d 423

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Ardis v. Sessions
682 S.E.2d 249 (Supreme Court of South Carolina, 2009)

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Bluebook (online)
682 S.E.2d 249, 383 S.C. 528, 2009 S.C. LEXIS 285, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/ardis-v-sessions-sc-2009.