Apgar v. State Employes' Retirement System

655 A.2d 185, 1994 Pa. Commw. LEXIS 705
CourtCommonwealth Court of Pennsylvania
DecidedDecember 21, 1994
StatusPublished
Cited by15 cases

This text of 655 A.2d 185 (Apgar v. State Employes' Retirement System) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Apgar v. State Employes' Retirement System, 655 A.2d 185, 1994 Pa. Commw. LEXIS 705 (Pa. Ct. App. 1994).

Opinion

COLINS, President Judge.

Petitioner Marie E. Apgar seeks review by this Court of the Order of the State Employes’ Retirement Board (board) discontinuing the pension benefits Apgar had been receiving in retirement.

The facts are undisputed. Ms. Apgar began service with this Commonwealth in the [187]*187Department of Public Welfare (DPW) on July 6,1971. Her time was interrupted from August 1973 to February 1974 and again from July 1, 1975 to. July 19, 1975 when Ms. Apgar took leave without pay. On April 22, 1988, Ms. Apgar was promoted to income maintenance casework supervisor for DPW, and she served the Commonwealth in this position until her voluntary resignation on August 23, 1991.

On August 7, 1992, Ms. Apgar pled guilty to Theft by Deception;1 Tampering with Records or Identification;2 and Tampering with Public Records.3 The Board, bound by the Public Employee Pension Forfeiture Act (hereinafter “Act 140”),4 issued an order dated December 13, 1993, mandating a forfeiture of those benefits which had inured to petitioner and which either had been or should have been paid to Ms. Apgar as of August 7, 1992. Also, the Board ordered that any monies paid to Ms. Apgar from August 7,1992, be collected by the Commonwealth from Ms. Apgar.

As of 1971, Ms. Apgar was a member of the State Employees Retirement Plan. Under her membership contract, Ms. Apgar contributed a fixed sum into the retirement fund through deductions from her paycheck over her approximately 20 years of service. On July 8, 1978, Act 140 was enacted by the legislature. Section 3(a) of the Act provides for the mandatory disqualification and forfeiture of benefits upon “conviction[ ] or plea[ ] of guilty or no defense to any crime related to public office or public employment.” Section 3(b) defines the conviction or plea as a breach of the public employee’s contract with his employer. The employment contract is terminated and renewed “each time a public officer or public employee is elected, appointed, promoted, or otherwise changes a job classification.”

Ms. Apgar elected to receive her pension benefits pursuant to both Option 4 and Option 1 of the State Employees Retirement Plan. Option 4 enabled Ms. Apgar to withdraw from her retirement account an amount equal to her total contributions plus the earned statutory interest. The balance of Ms. Apgar’s benefits were then to be paid pursuant to Option 1. Option 1 is in the form of a single life annuity having a guaranteed total payment equal to the initial present value of the maximum single life annuity Ms. Apgar was able to receive, minus the lump sum previously paid to Ms. Apgar pursuant to Option 4. Ms. Apgar did apply for and receive a lump sum payment in an amount equal to her total contributions plus earned statutory interest.

Upon learning Ms. Apgar pled guilty to criminal conduct committed during the course of her employment, the board sought to discontinue payment of benefits. After proper notice and review the board did order the discontinuance of benefits and petitioner seeks reversal of that order.

One question Ms. Apgar poses is whether the Pennsylvania Employee Pension Forfeiture Act violates the constitutional prohibition against impairment of obligation of contract when it provides retroactively that pension benefits being received by a retired Commonwealth employee shall be forfeited when the employee pleads guilty to a crime. related to public employment.5 Ms. Apgar asks this Court to consider her question in light of the Zimmerman I & II6 lines of cases rather than Shiomos v. State Employees’ Retirement Board, 533 Pa. 588, 626 A.2d 158 (1993). For the following reasons we find that Ms. Apgar’s situation is not analogous to the Zimmerman cases but rather closely mirrors the Shiomos case. We, therefore, affirm the decision of the board.

[188]*188In Zimmerman I & II, our Pennsylvania Supreme Court upheld the decision where this Court opined that when a member of the State Employees Retirement System has •both a vested pension prior to the enactment of Act 140 and non-changing continuing employment, the mandate of Act 140 cannot be retroactively applied to that member, or those similarly situated, because such an application results in an impairment of contract. Notably, that line of cases is extraordinarily fact specific.

Our courts continue to recognize that “[o]nce a contractual obligation vests, no matter how innocuous it may appear, the same cannot be altered, amended or changed by unilateral action.” Zimmerman II, 503 Pa. at 224, 469 A.2d at 144 (Concurring Opinion of Zappala, J.). Thus, to fall within the ambit of Zimmerman, the entire employment period must be unchanging. Here petitioner’s employment was not static. Therefore, we conclude there was not a unilateral change in the conditions of employment, but rather a mutual assent to the change in employment. Therefore, the Zimmerman cases are not applicable. Shiomos.

In Shiomos, Justice Cappy, speaking for a majority of the Court, found that “when appellant Shiomos assumed his second term in office in 1982 he did so fully aware of the existence of Act 140 and its applicability to public employees.” Id. 533 Pa. at 595, 626 A.2d at 162 (1993). Both this Court and the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania in Shiomos affirmed section 3 of Act 140 which declares: “Each time a public officer or public employee is elected, appointed, promoted, or otherwise changes a job classification, there is a termination and renewal of the contract for purposes of this act.” 43 P.S. § 1313(c).

The record sets forth that petitioner was a worker for DPW beginning in 1971 and was promoted in 1988. In accepting the promotion of 1988 Ms. Apgar affirmed her contract of employment for the purposes of Act 140. It is petitioner’s acceptance of her new job as Supervisor which triggered the statutorily-mandated affirmation of the terms of employment.

Petitioner states that while she was promoted, there really was no change in duties. However, petitioner was both promoted and received a change in job classification. Therefore, she is within the purview of Act 140.

Again, petitioner’s criminal conduct occurred after petitioner received a promotion. The promotion was an affirmation of the conduct governing state employees and an assent to the terms set forth in Act 140. The Board’s action in revoking petitioner’s pension benefits as of the date of entry of the guilty plea was proper and well within both case law and the statutory authority granted the Board under Act 140.

Petitioner also asks this Court to distinguish between a “judge” and a “rank and file” worker. Petitioner states that because she is a “rank and file” worker she is not bound by Act 140. Initially, we must note that petitioner did not raise this issue to the Board and therefore the issue is waived. Wing v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 496 Pa. 113, 436 A.2d 179 (1981). Nonetheless, due to the future importance of this issue, we will review her argument.

Petitioner does not dispute the point that she is an employee within the meaning of Act 140.

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655 A.2d 185, 1994 Pa. Commw. LEXIS 705, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/apgar-v-state-employes-retirement-system-pacommwct-1994.