Angel Houston v. C.G. Security Services, Inc.

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedApril 25, 2016
Docket15-1518
StatusPublished

This text of Angel Houston v. C.G. Security Services, Inc. (Angel Houston v. C.G. Security Services, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Angel Houston v. C.G. Security Services, Inc., (7th Cir. 2016).

Opinion

In the

United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit ____________________ No. 15‐1518 ANGEL HOUSTON, Plaintiff‐Appellee,

v.

C.G. SECURITY SERVICES, INC., Defendant‐Appellant. ____________________

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana, Indianapolis Division. No. 1:12‐cv‐00328 — William T. Lawrence, Judge. ____________________

ARGUED FEBRUARY 26, 2016 — DECIDED APRIL 25, 2016 ____________________

Before POSNER, FLAUM, and EASTERBROOK, Circuit Judges. FLAUM, Circuit Judge. This appeal arises out of a lawsuit brought by plaintiff‐appellee Angel Houston, who sustained injuries from a fall during a New Year’s Eve party at a Hyatt hotel in Indianapolis. Defendant‐appellant C.G. Security Ser‐ vices, Inc. (“C.G.”) provided security personnel for the party. During litigation, Houston filed several motions for sanctions against C.G. The district court referred the matter to a magis‐ 2 No. 15‐1518

trate judge, who issued a report and recommendation regard‐ ing sanctions against C.G. for discovery violations. The dis‐ trict court adopted the magistrate judge’s report and recom‐ mendation to impose sanctions. C.G. appeals. Specifically, C.G. claims that the district court abused its discretion by adopting the report and recom‐ mendation, as well as by awarding Houston’s counsel attor‐ ney’s fees. We conclude that there was no abuse of discretion and affirm the judgment of the district court. I. Background In March 2012, Houston sued Hyatt Corporation and the Hyatt Regency Indianapolis (collectively, “Hyatt”) for breach of contract, intentional misconduct, and negligence in connec‐ tion with injuries she sustained after falling at the downtown Indianapolis Hyatt hotel during a hotel‐sponsored New Year’s Eve party on December 31, 2010. Houston claimed that Hyatt failed to provide a safe and secure environment for the party and that this failure was the proximate cause of her in‐ juries as well as consequential damages arising out of those injuries. Houston sought damages in excess of one million dollars. Several months later, Houston joined C.G. as a defendant in an amended complaint based upon C.G.’s provision of se‐ curity personnel for the New Year’s Eve party. Discovery re‐ vealed that Hyatt had used C.G.’s security services for years. Houston alleged that C.G. failed to provide adequate security services and that this failure proximately caused her injuries and damages. On May 1, 2013, both Hyatt and C.G. moved for summary judgment. A discovery conference was held several weeks No. 15‐1518 3

later, on May 22. The district court granted Hyatt’s summary judgment motion on February 3, 2014. However, it delayed ruling on C.G.’s motion due to Houston’s filing of three mo‐ tions for sanctions against C.G. for various discovery matters. The district court referred the matter of sanctions to a magis‐ trate judge pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B). The magistrate judge examined the three motions for sanc‐ tions and found that C.G. had engaged in a pattern of obstrep‐ erous discovery behavior by testifying falsely about its docu‐ ments and discovery efforts, failing timely to correct false rep‐ resentations regarding its discovery, falsifying documents, and impeding the fair conduct of depositions. The magistrate judge recommended that the district court impose monetary sanctions against C.G. In particular, the magistrate judge ad‐ vised the district court to compel C.G. to pay Houston reason‐ able attorney’s fees for the work of her counsel in the conduct of discovery after C.G. joined the litigation. Following the magistrate judge’s issuance of the report and sanctions recommendation, the district court granted C.G.’s motion for summary judgment on March 14, 2014. The district court declined to enter final judgment pending a de‐ termination as to the amount of sanctions to be levied against C.G. C.G. subsequently objected to the magistrate judge’s re‐ port and recommendation. The district court considered C.G.’s objection and con‐ ducted a de novo review of the magistrate judge’s report and recommendation. On September 16, 2014, the district court overruled C.G.’s objection, adopted the report and recom‐ mendation, and ordered Houston’s counsel to file a petition for fees. Houston’s counsel moved for $146,050.00 in attor‐ ney’s fees and $18,512.10 in costs. 4 No. 15‐1518

In February 2015, the district court granted in part Hou‐ ston’s motion for attorney’s fees. In so doing, the district court considered various objections lodged by C.G. and excluded more than 100 billed hours that appeared unrelated to discov‐ ery efforts. The district court ultimately ordered C.G. to pay Houston $118,925.00 in attorney’s fees and $16,498.91 in costs, for a total of $135,423.91. C.G. appeals the district court’s adoption of the magistrate judge’s report and recommendation regarding sanctions, as well as its order awarding Houston attorney’s fees. II. Discussion A. Report and Recommendation Regarding Sanctions On appeal, C.G. argues that the district court abused its discretion by awarding sanctions. We may reverse the district court’s determination of factual issues underlying the award of sanctions only if its findings are clearly erroneous. Ordower v. Feldman, 826 F.2d 1569, 1574 (7th Cir. 1987). By contrast, we review the decision to award sanctions for abuse of discretion. Id. In reviewing for abuse of discretion, we “keep in mind that because the trial court alone has an intimate familiarity with the relevant proceedings it is in a far superior position to pass on an attorney’s conduct than a reviewing court.” Id. (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). C.G.’s initial contention is that the district court abused its discretion by awarding sanctions because Houston failed to comply with procedural prerequisites. C.G. relies in part on Local Rule 7‐1(g)(1) of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Indiana, which requires movant’s counsel to file a motion showing that she made reasonable efforts to confer with opposing counsel and resolve the issues raised in the No. 15‐1518 5

motion. S.D. Ind. L.R. 7‐1(g)(1). Relatedly, Local Rule 37‐1(a) requires movant’s counsel to confer in good faith before in‐ volving the court in discovery disputes. S.D. Ind. L.R. 37‐1(a); see also Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(a)(1) (requiring certification of such efforts). C.G. argues that because Houston did not engage in a discovery conference before her second motion for sanc‐ tions, the award of fees for issues raised in the second motion was improper. According to C.G., the sole discovery confer‐ ence held on May 22, 2013—before the first motion for sanc‐ tions was filed—did not satisfy the court’s meet‐and‐confer requirements with regard to Houston’s second and third mo‐ tions for sanctions. C.G. asserts that Houston should have called for an additional discovery conference and provided proper certification of efforts to confer with opposing counsel. The evidence in the record indicates that Houston’s coun‐ sel met the meet‐and‐confer requirements through participa‐ tion in the May 2013 discovery conference, as well as through email exchanges and calls to opposing counsel. In the context of what the magistrate judge referred to as C.G.’s “obstreper‐ ous” conduct and “improper gamesmanship,” we cannot ac‐ cept C.G.’s contention that one discovery conference was in‐ sufficient. The record shows that Houston’s counsel made various attempts to confer with C.G.’s counsel but that C.G. rebuffed these efforts. Because C.G.

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