Angamarca v. Da Ciro, Inc.

303 F.R.D. 445, 2012 WL 5077480, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 150225
CourtDistrict Court, S.D. New York
DecidedOctober 15, 2012
DocketNo. 10 Civ. 4792 (RLE)
StatusPublished
Cited by7 cases

This text of 303 F.R.D. 445 (Angamarca v. Da Ciro, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, S.D. New York primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Angamarca v. Da Ciro, Inc., 303 F.R.D. 445, 2012 WL 5077480, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 150225 (S.D.N.Y. 2012).

Opinion

OPINION AND ORDER

RONALD L. ELLIS, United States Magistrate Judge:

Before the Court is Defendant Da Ciro’s motion to dismiss Plaintiff Carlos Angamarea because of his failure to appear in person for his deposition and his assertion that he will not appear in person to testify at the trial of this action. Plaintiffs oppose the motion on the grounds that Angamarca’s deposition is available by remote means and dismissal of his claims is an extreme remedy not warranted by the circumstances. For the reasons which follow, Da Ciro’s motion is DENIED.

I. BACKGROUND

Plaintiffs bring this action against Defendant restaurant Da Ciro, Inc. (“Da Ciro”) and its principal, Ciro Verde, for violations of federal and state wage and hour laws. Da Ciro was notified on March 19, 2012, that Carlos Angamarea, a named Plaintiff, had returned to his native Ecuador and would be unable to appear in person for his deposition, or for trial, because as an undocumented immigrant, he is unauthorized to return to the United States. Def.’s Mot. Seeking Dismissal of Angamarea (“Def.’s Mot.”) 1. Plaintiffs’ counsel has offered to have Angamarea deposed via remote means, including by video or telephonic conferencing, which Da Ciro has rejected.

II. DISCUSSION

A. Angamarca’s Deposition Can Be Taken Via Remote Means

Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 30 generally allows for a noticing party to depose a witness in person, or via other requested means, except where the court orders otherwise on motion. Fed.R.Civ.P. 30(b)(4); see Braten v. Kaplan, No. 11 Civ. 3893(DAB) (RLE), 2012 WL 843496, *1 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 12, 2012) (allowing for plaintiffs deposition to be taken remotely by telephonic or video means). “[Cjourts must strive to achieve a balance between claims of prejudice and those of hardship.” Normande v. Grippo, No. 01 Civ. 7441(JSR)(THK), 2002 WL 59427, at * 1 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 16, 2002) (finding a hardship for the plaintiff, a resident of Latvia, to attend her deposition in person).

Da Ciro argues that “this Court has long enunciated the policy of requiring a nonresident plaintiff who chooses this district as [447]*447his forum to appear for deposition in this forum absent compelling circumstances,” Clem v. Allied Van Lines Int’l Corp., 102 F.R.D. 938, 939-40 (S.D.N.Y.1984), yet it is precisely because such circumstances exist here that an in person deposition is not required. The legal infeasibility of attending a deposition or trial in person because of one’s immigration status rises to the level of compelling circumstances since Angamarca cannot be compelled to attend without either securing requisite authorization or violating immigration laws. Rule 43(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure provides an exception to the general rule that a witness’s testimony must be taken in open court, that is, “for good cause in compelling circumstances and with appropriate safeguards, the court may permit testimony in open court by contemporaneous transmission from a different location.” Defendants offer no authority to undermine Angamarca’s assertion that compelling circumstances exist here and thus justify his providing virtual testimony for both his deposition and trial. Instead, Da Ciro argues that Angamarca’s departure to Ecuador does not constitute “good cause” and “compelling circumstances” given his pending litigation, and that he should have remained in the country with an undocumented status. Def.’s Mot. 6, The Court does not find merit in Da Ciro’s argument. See Stephens v. 1199 SEIU, No. 07 Civ. 0596(JFB)(AKT), 2011 WL 2940490, *2 (E.D.N.Y. July 19, 2011) (granting a telephonic deposition based upon plaintiffs immigration status that made her unavailable to appear in person).

Defendants also appear to have been aware of Angamarca’s undocumented status, and his departure to Ecuador should not come as a surprise. Pi’s Opp’n to Def.’s Mot. (“Opp’n”) 4, citing Dep. of Ciro Verde (“Verde Dep.”) (highlighting the fact that Defendants knew of Angamarca’s immigration status because they admitted to paying employees in cash who “did not have the proper documents.”). Da Ciro should not be allowed to assert Angamarca’s immigration status as a defense to a FLSA claim, particularly when the status was known at the time of employment. See Solis v. Cindy’s Total Care, Inc., No. 10 Civ. 7242, 2011 WL 6013844, at *3 (S.D.N.Y. Dee. 2, 2011) (employer cannot “assert a defense under the FLSA on the grounds of the employee’s immigration status” to deny “a claim for back-pay on behalf of undocumented workers who earned, but were not paid, overtime wages,” because such claims “vindicate[ ] not only the policy underlying the FLSA but also federal immigration policy.”). In distinguishing Hoffman Plastic Compounds, Inc. v. National Labor Relations Board, 535 U.S. 137, 122 S.Ct. 1275, 152 L.Ed.2d 271 (2002), the court in Solis found that the redress requested there “pertained only to a period of time following the subject employees’ termination,” whereas the plaintiffs in Solis were seeking backpay “exclusively for work that was performed.” Solis, 2011 WL 6013844, at *2; see also NLRB v. Domsey Trading Corp., 636 F.3d 33 (2d Cir.2011).

As in Solis, Angamarca seeks damages for compensation that was not paid for work that has been performed. The purpose of FLSA is to prevent employers from benefitting from the illegal practice of underpaying employees or refusing to pay employees just compensation for earned wages. Failing to enforce FLSA because the employer raises the immigration status of his employee as a defense to compensation allows the employer to “effectively be immunized from its duty under the statute to pay earned wages, and would thereby be able to undercut law-abiding employers who hired lawful workers, as those workers would not be disabled from vindicating their FLSA rights.” Id. at *3. While Hoffman pointed out that federal immigration policy does not condone an employee’s use of fraudulent means to secure employment, such as tendering a false birth certificate, the underlying policy in FLSA is to prevent “the unjust enrichment of employers who hire illegal workers so as to pay substandard wages.” Id.

Angamarca points out that in Ciro Verde’s deposition, Verde admitted to paying undocumented employees less precisely because of their immigration status. Opp’n 4; see also Dep. of Ciro Verde, Annexed to Deck of Jessica Tischler as Ex. A. at 45 (Verde testified that he paid “[cjash for [those] who did not have proper documents”). Defendants [448]*448also admitted to violating the law by failing to pay overtime and spread of hours pay. Id. at 11. Such admissions demonstrate the kind of willful violations which FLSA explicitly seeks to remedy. See McLaughlin v. Richland Shoe Co., 486 U.S. 128, 138, 108 S.Ct.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
303 F.R.D. 445, 2012 WL 5077480, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 150225, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/angamarca-v-da-ciro-inc-nysd-2012.