AMUNDSON, Justice.
John and Alice Anderson (Andersons) appeal from trial court’s grant of summary judgment in favor of Production Credit Association (PCA). Andersons’ attorney, Gwendolyn Laprath (Laprath), appeals from trial court’s grant of SDCL 15-6-11(b) sanctions against her in the amount of $6,085.56. We affirm.
FACTS
On January 24, 1990, Andersons commenced an action against PCA alleging fraudulent conduct on the part of PCA. Andersons alleged in their complaint that PCA defrauded them of an undetermined amount of money during a period from approximately March, 1967 to October, 1970. The action was commenced by La-prath and served on PCA on February 20, 1990.
PCA timely responded to Andersons’ complaint by filing and serving a motion to dismiss on the basis that the claim was barred by the statute of limitations. La-prath’s office received the motion on March 22, 1990, which also contained notice of a hearing to be held the morning of March 28, 1990. Laprath was apparently out of the office and thus did not personally receive notice of the hearing until the afternoon of March 28. In the meantime, the trial court had held the hearing and granted PCA’s motion to dismiss. An order granting the motion was signed March 30, 1990, and notice of entry of that order was served April 11, 1990.
Andersons thereafter filed objections to the order of dismissal, alleging that they did not receive timely notice of the hearing on the motion to dismiss. PCA renewed its motion to dismiss and Laprath then filed a notice of intent to take judgment by default on May 11, 1990, inartfully arguing that a motion to dismiss was not sufficient appearance in the matter to avoid the entry of a default judgment. Amidst the various motions and notices being filed in the case, counsel for PCA notified Laprath of its intention to pursue SDCL 15-6-ll(b) (Rule 11) sanctions if Andersons persisted in prosecuting this untimely action. Laprath also made an untimely request for the trial judge to recuse himself from the case after he had granted PCA’s original motion to dismiss, which request was appropriately rejected.
A hearing on PCA’s renewed motion to dismiss was held on June 27, 1990. After considering the arguments of counsel, the trial court issued a memorandum opinion denying PCA’s motion to dismiss. PCA then filed its answer to the original complaint on August 24, 1990.
PCA then proceeded to depose both John and Alice Anderson. Following the depositions, PCA filed a motion for summary judgment. In response, Andersons served, but never filed, an affidavit signed by their counsel and a motion seeking Andersons’ costs and attorney fees in defending the motion for summary judgment.
The trial court held a hearing and entered an order granting PCA’s motion for summary judgment, and awarded costs in the amount of $274.44. Subsequent to entry of summary judgment, PCA filed a motion for Rule 11 sanctions, or, in the alternative, for costs and attorney fees pursuant to SDCL 15-17-35. Laprath did not file any affidavit or pleading with the court reflecting her efforts in making a reasonable inquiry to formulate her belief that this cause of action was supported by facts and legal precedent in this state based on her research and investigation of this action.
After a hearing, trial court granted PCA’s motion, but required PCA to file a detailed affidavit outlining its expenditures. An affidavit of costs was filed and served on April 19, 1991. Subsequently, PCA prepared and served findings of fact and conclusions of law in accordance with trial court’s ruling on this issue. Laprath never served objections to the affidavit nor to the proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law. Laprath never submitted any proposed findings and conclusions stating her factual or legal position on this aspect [644]*644of the case. Trial court entered a judgment against Laprath for violation of SDCL 15-6-ll(b) and ordered her to pay PCA’s expenses in the amount of $6,085.56. This appeal followed.
ISSUES
1. Whether trial court erred in granting summary judgment to PCA?
2. Whether trial court erred in granting Rule 11 sanctions against Laprath?
ANALYSIS
1) Summary Judgment
The standard of review for a grant or denial of summary judgment is as follows:
1 “In reviewing a grant or a denial of summary judgment under SDCL 15-6-56(c), we must determine whether the moving party demonstrated the absence of any genuine issue of material fact and showed entitlement to judgment on the merits as a matter of law. The evidence must be viewed most favorably to the nonmoving party and reasonable doubts should be resolved against the moving party. The nonmoving party, however, must present specific facts showing that a genuine, material issue for trial exists. Our task on appeal is to determine only whether a genuine issue of material fact exists and whether the law was correctly applied. If there exists any basis which supports the ruling of the trial court, affirmance of a summary judgment is proper.” ’
Waddell v. Dewey County Bank, 471 N.W.2d 591, 593 (S.D.1991) (quoting Garrett v. Bankwest, Inc., 459 N.W.2d 833, 836-837 (S.D.1990), and Pickering v. Pickering, 434 N.W.2d 758, 760-61 (S.D.1989)). With these considerations in mind, we address the merits of Andersons’ appeal.
The trial court granted PCA’s motion on the basis that Andersons’ claim was barred by the statute of limitations. The statute of limitations for fraud and deceit is six years after the cause of action accrues. SDCL 15-2-13(6). Pursuant to SDCL 15-2-3, a cause of action for fraud “shall not be deemed to have accrued until the aggrieved party discovers, or has actual or constructive notice of, the facts constituting the fraud.” Andersons argue that they did not actually discover the fraud until 1987, when they obtained copies of notes, ledgers, and other records from PCA.
The essential question which determines when the statute of limitations began to toll is when Andersons actually were aware of facts giving actual or constructive notice to suspect they were being defrauded. Andersons’ complaint specifically says “[t]hat the Plaintiff [Andersons] had from 1969 to date maintained that the PCA/Farm Credit was demanding more money from them than they were owed[.]” Additionally, the deposition testimony of Andersons clearly and specifically shows they had knowledge of the facts surrounding their claim at the time of the alleged wrongful actions in 1970.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
AMUNDSON, Justice.
John and Alice Anderson (Andersons) appeal from trial court’s grant of summary judgment in favor of Production Credit Association (PCA). Andersons’ attorney, Gwendolyn Laprath (Laprath), appeals from trial court’s grant of SDCL 15-6-11(b) sanctions against her in the amount of $6,085.56. We affirm.
FACTS
On January 24, 1990, Andersons commenced an action against PCA alleging fraudulent conduct on the part of PCA. Andersons alleged in their complaint that PCA defrauded them of an undetermined amount of money during a period from approximately March, 1967 to October, 1970. The action was commenced by La-prath and served on PCA on February 20, 1990.
PCA timely responded to Andersons’ complaint by filing and serving a motion to dismiss on the basis that the claim was barred by the statute of limitations. La-prath’s office received the motion on March 22, 1990, which also contained notice of a hearing to be held the morning of March 28, 1990. Laprath was apparently out of the office and thus did not personally receive notice of the hearing until the afternoon of March 28. In the meantime, the trial court had held the hearing and granted PCA’s motion to dismiss. An order granting the motion was signed March 30, 1990, and notice of entry of that order was served April 11, 1990.
Andersons thereafter filed objections to the order of dismissal, alleging that they did not receive timely notice of the hearing on the motion to dismiss. PCA renewed its motion to dismiss and Laprath then filed a notice of intent to take judgment by default on May 11, 1990, inartfully arguing that a motion to dismiss was not sufficient appearance in the matter to avoid the entry of a default judgment. Amidst the various motions and notices being filed in the case, counsel for PCA notified Laprath of its intention to pursue SDCL 15-6-ll(b) (Rule 11) sanctions if Andersons persisted in prosecuting this untimely action. Laprath also made an untimely request for the trial judge to recuse himself from the case after he had granted PCA’s original motion to dismiss, which request was appropriately rejected.
A hearing on PCA’s renewed motion to dismiss was held on June 27, 1990. After considering the arguments of counsel, the trial court issued a memorandum opinion denying PCA’s motion to dismiss. PCA then filed its answer to the original complaint on August 24, 1990.
PCA then proceeded to depose both John and Alice Anderson. Following the depositions, PCA filed a motion for summary judgment. In response, Andersons served, but never filed, an affidavit signed by their counsel and a motion seeking Andersons’ costs and attorney fees in defending the motion for summary judgment.
The trial court held a hearing and entered an order granting PCA’s motion for summary judgment, and awarded costs in the amount of $274.44. Subsequent to entry of summary judgment, PCA filed a motion for Rule 11 sanctions, or, in the alternative, for costs and attorney fees pursuant to SDCL 15-17-35. Laprath did not file any affidavit or pleading with the court reflecting her efforts in making a reasonable inquiry to formulate her belief that this cause of action was supported by facts and legal precedent in this state based on her research and investigation of this action.
After a hearing, trial court granted PCA’s motion, but required PCA to file a detailed affidavit outlining its expenditures. An affidavit of costs was filed and served on April 19, 1991. Subsequently, PCA prepared and served findings of fact and conclusions of law in accordance with trial court’s ruling on this issue. Laprath never served objections to the affidavit nor to the proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law. Laprath never submitted any proposed findings and conclusions stating her factual or legal position on this aspect [644]*644of the case. Trial court entered a judgment against Laprath for violation of SDCL 15-6-ll(b) and ordered her to pay PCA’s expenses in the amount of $6,085.56. This appeal followed.
ISSUES
1. Whether trial court erred in granting summary judgment to PCA?
2. Whether trial court erred in granting Rule 11 sanctions against Laprath?
ANALYSIS
1) Summary Judgment
The standard of review for a grant or denial of summary judgment is as follows:
1 “In reviewing a grant or a denial of summary judgment under SDCL 15-6-56(c), we must determine whether the moving party demonstrated the absence of any genuine issue of material fact and showed entitlement to judgment on the merits as a matter of law. The evidence must be viewed most favorably to the nonmoving party and reasonable doubts should be resolved against the moving party. The nonmoving party, however, must present specific facts showing that a genuine, material issue for trial exists. Our task on appeal is to determine only whether a genuine issue of material fact exists and whether the law was correctly applied. If there exists any basis which supports the ruling of the trial court, affirmance of a summary judgment is proper.” ’
Waddell v. Dewey County Bank, 471 N.W.2d 591, 593 (S.D.1991) (quoting Garrett v. Bankwest, Inc., 459 N.W.2d 833, 836-837 (S.D.1990), and Pickering v. Pickering, 434 N.W.2d 758, 760-61 (S.D.1989)). With these considerations in mind, we address the merits of Andersons’ appeal.
The trial court granted PCA’s motion on the basis that Andersons’ claim was barred by the statute of limitations. The statute of limitations for fraud and deceit is six years after the cause of action accrues. SDCL 15-2-13(6). Pursuant to SDCL 15-2-3, a cause of action for fraud “shall not be deemed to have accrued until the aggrieved party discovers, or has actual or constructive notice of, the facts constituting the fraud.” Andersons argue that they did not actually discover the fraud until 1987, when they obtained copies of notes, ledgers, and other records from PCA.
The essential question which determines when the statute of limitations began to toll is when Andersons actually were aware of facts giving actual or constructive notice to suspect they were being defrauded. Andersons’ complaint specifically says “[t]hat the Plaintiff [Andersons] had from 1969 to date maintained that the PCA/Farm Credit was demanding more money from them than they were owed[.]” Additionally, the deposition testimony of Andersons clearly and specifically shows they had knowledge of the facts surrounding their claim at the time of the alleged wrongful actions in 1970.
2) Rule 11 Sanctions
Laprath argues that sanctions against her were not appropriate because she was not a party to the action, and for trial court to award PCA all its costs and attorney [645]*645fees was an abuse of discretion. SDCL 15-6-ll(a) requires attorneys to sign all pleadings and papers they file, and such signature represents “that to the best of [attorney’s] knowledge, information and belief formed after reasonable inquiry [the pleadings and papers are] well grounded in fact and [are] warranted by existing law, ... and not interposed for any improper purpose, such as to harass or to cause unnecessary delay or needless increase in the cost of litigation.” The trial court awarded PCA costs and attorney fees pursuant to SDCL 15-6-ll(b), which provides:
If a pleading, motion or other paper is signed in violation of this rule [15 — 6— 11(a) ], the court, upon motion or upon its own initiative, shall impose upon the person who signed it, a represented party, or both, an appropriate sanction, which shall include an order to pay to the other party or parties the amount of the reasonable expenses incurred because of the filing of the pleading, motion or other paper, including a reasonable attorney’s fee. (Emphasis added.)
Clearly, the statutes provide that the trial court may impose sanctions upon an attorney or any person who signed the pleading or other papers, even though that person is not a party to the action. Thus, we uphold trial court’s decision to impose sanctions against Laprath, and turn to the appropriateness of those sanctions.
Our review of appeals under SDCL 15-6-11(d) is conducted without any presumption of correctness for the trial court’s findings of fact and conclusions of law. Tri-State Refining v. Apaloosa Company, 431 N.W.2d 311 (S.D.1988). SDCL 15-6-11(b) allows the trial court to impose “an appropriate sanction” and other courts have held that a trial court’s determination of an appropriate Rule 11 sanction should not be overturned absent an abuse of discretion. Cheek v. Doe, 828 F.2d 395 (7th Cir.1987) cert. denied, 484 U.S. 955, 108 S.Ct. 349, 98 L.Ed.2d 374; Zaldivar v. City of Los Angeles, 780 F.2d 823 (9th Cir.1986); Eastway Const. Corp. v. City of New York, 762 F.2d 243 (2nd Cir.1985) cert. denied, 484 U.S. 918, 108 S.Ct. 269, 98 L.Ed.2d 226; Davis v. Veslan Enterprises, 765 F.2d 494 (5th Cir.1985).
It is an attorney’s duty under SDCL 15-6-ll(a) to conduct a “reasonable inquiry” into the facts and law prior to commencing any action. SDCL 15-6-ll(a) clearly states that the attorney’s signature represents that the signer has undertaken such an inquiry and believes the action is well grounded in law and fact.
In Rodgers v. Lincoln Towing Service, Inc., 771 F.2d 194 (7th Cir.1985), the court, having granted sanctions against counsel, explained the purpose behind Rule 11 as follows:
Rule 11 was amended in August 1983 to increase its effectiveness in deterring abuses. [S.D. adopted Rule 11 in 1986.] Most importantly, the previous requirement that the attorney against whom sanctions were imposed must have acted in bad faith was eliminated. “The new language is intended to reduce the reluctance of courts to impose sanctions * * * by emphasizing the responsibilities of the attorney and reenforcing those obligations by the imposition of sanctions.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 11 advisory committee note (citation omitted). The standard used is an objective “one of reasonableness under the circumstances,” id., rather than a subjective one.
Rodgers, 771 F.2d at 205. We do not question that Laprath had good faith intentions in filing this suit, however, mere good faith is not enough to withstand a motion for sanctions.
The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals stated: “Simply put, subjective good faith no longer provides the safe harbor it once did.... There is no room for a pure heart, empty head defense under Rule 11.” Zaldivar, 780 F.2d at 829 (citations omitted). Thus, the standard under which La-prath’s conduct is reviewed, is whether her actions were reasonable under the circumstances, not whether she acted in good faith. Rodgers, supra. Applying this objective standard, trial court found that attorney Laprath failed to establish what reasonable efforts she made to inquire into the law and facts of this case. Our review of [646]*646the record, under the same objective standard, reveals that Laprath failed to present any data or records reflecting what reasonable efforts she made to inquire into the worthiness of Andersons’ claim. Further, Laprath failed to present any objections to the costs and fees claimed by PCA in this matter. Based on these deficiencies by counsel in the presentation of any objections, we cannot say the trial court abused its discretion and the award of sanctions is affirmed.
PCA further urges this court to award sanctions on appeal pursuant to SDCL 15-6-ll(d) for the costs and expenses incurred in defending this appeal. Based on the undisputed facts and record in this appeal, we conclude that PCA should be awarded its costs and attorney fees in the amount of $2,128.96 pursuant to SDCL 15-6-11(d).
On notice of review, PCA urged this court to consider whether the trial court erred in denying PCA’s motion to dismiss based on the statute of limitations. In light of our holding on the issues herein, we find consideration of this issue to be moot and, therefore, deem it unnecessary to reach a decision regarding trial court’s denial of PCA’s motion to dismiss. The judgment of the trial court is affirmed in all respects.
MILLER, C.J., and WUEST, J., concur.
HENDERSON, J., concurs in part and concurs in result in part.
SABERS, J., concurs in part and dissents in part.
John Anderson’s deposition testimony is as follows:
Attorney Engel: And when you went in and finally paid off the debt to the PCA in 1970, you knew then that they were asking you for more money than you owed them?
Anderson: Yes. I had a suspicion.
Engel: But you couldn’t prove it?
Anderson: No.
Engel: But you knew in your own mind they were charging you more than you owed them?
Anderson: Yes, sir.