UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT DISTRICT OF NEVADA * * * GUSTAVO ALVIZAR, Case No. 3:18-cv-00425-HDM-CLB Petitioner, v. ORDER STATE OF NEVADA, et al., Respondents. I. Introduction This action is a pro se petition for writ of habeas corpus by Nevada prisoner Gustavo Alvizar. The action is before the Court for adjudication of the merits of Alvizar’s claims. The Court will deny Alvizar’s petition, will deny him a certificate of appealability, and will direct the Clerk of the Court to enter judgment accordingly. II. Background On May 22, 2013, a grand jury in Nevada’s Second Judicial District Court, Washoe County, issued an indictment charging Alvizar with open murder with the use of a firearm and attempted murder with the use of a firearm. See Indictment, Exh. 3 (ECF No. 11-3). On November 1, 2013, Alvizar entered a plea agreement with the State and pled guilty to one count of second-degree murder. See Guilty Plea Memorandum, Exh. 19 (ECF No. 11-19); Transcript of Proceedings, November 1, 2013, Exh. 21 (ECF No. 11-21). On January 14, 2014, Alvizar was sentenced to life in prison with the possibility of parole after ten years. See Transcript of Sentencing, Exh. 28 (ECF No. 11-28). The judgment of conviction was entered the same day. See Judgment of Conviction, Exh. 27 (ECF No. 11-27). Alvizar filed a notice of appeal on April 8, 2014. See Notice of Appeal, Exh. 29 (ECF No. 11-29). On July 23, 2014, the Nevada Supreme Court dismissed the appeal as untimely. See Order Dismissing Appeal, Exh. 37 (ECF No. 12-7). Alvizar filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus in the state district court on July 21, 2014. See Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus, Exh. 35 (ECF No. 12-5). Counsel was appointed, and with counsel Alvizar filed a supplemental habeas petition on February 11, 2015. See Supplemental Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus, Exh. 55 (ECF No. 12-25). The state district court held an evidentiary hearing on October 24, 2016. See Transcript of Evidentiary Hearing, Exh. 65 (ECF No. 13-5). The state district court denied Alvizar’s petition on February 6, 2017. See Order Denying Petition and Supplemental Petition, Exh. 66 (ECF No. 13-6). Alvizar appealed, and the Nevada Court of Appeals affirmed on April 11, 2018. See Order of Affirmance, Exh. 86 (ECF No. 13-26). This Court received Alvizar’s pro se federal habeas corpus petition for filing, initiating this action, on August 31, 2018 (ECF No. 4). Alvizar’s petition includes the following claims:
Ground 1: Alvizar’s federal constitutional rights were violated as a result of ineffective assistance of counsel because his trial counsel did not properly advise him regarding the possibility of an appeal and did not file a notice of appeal on his behalf. See Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus (ECF No. 4), pp. 3–4.
Ground 2: Alvizar’s federal constitutional rights were violated as a result of ineffective assistance of counsel because his trial counsel failed to adequately investigate his case before he pled guilty. See id. at 5–6, 10.
Ground 3: Alvizar’s federal constitutional rights were violated as a result of ineffective assistance of counsel because his trial counsel had a conflict of interest with respect to Alvizar’s request to withdraw his guilty plea, because his trial counsel did not secure appointment of separate counsel with respect to his request to withdraw his guilty plea, because his trial counsel did not properly advise him with respect to his request to withdraw his guilty plea, and because his trial counsel did not challenge or correct the trial court’s mischaracterization of the sentence he could receive if he withdrew his guilty plea. See id. at 7–8, 11. On January 30, 2019, Respondents filed a motion to dismiss (ECF No. 10), contending that part of Ground 3 is unexhausted in state court. The Court denied that motion. See Order entered July 1, 2019 (ECF No. 14). Respondents then filed their answer (ECF No. 23) on February 4, 2020, and Alvizar filed a reply (ECF No. 24) on February 28, 2020. On February 28, 2020, Alvizar also filed a motion for appointment of counsel (ECF No. 25), and Respondents filed a motion to strike Alvizar’s reply (ECF No. 26). III. Discussion A. Standard of Review of Merits of Claims Under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA), a federal court may not grant a petition for a writ of habeas corpus on any claim that was adjudicated on the merits in state court unless the state court decision was contrary to, or involved an unreasonable application of, clearly established federal law as determined by United States Supreme Court precedent, or was based on an unreasonable determination of the facts in light of the evidence presented in the state- court proceeding. 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d). A state-court ruling is “contrary to” clearly established federal law if it either applies a rule that contradicts governing Supreme Court law or reaches a result that differs from the result the Supreme Court reached on “materially indistinguishable” facts. See Early v. Packer, 537 U.S. 3, 8 (2002) (per curiam). A state-court ruling is “an unreasonable application” of clearly established federal law under section 2254(d) if it correctly identifies the governing legal rule but unreasonably applies the rule to the facts of the case. See Williams v. Taylor, 529 U.S. 362, 407–08 (2000). To obtain federal habeas relief for such an “unreasonable application,” however, a petitioner must show that the state court’s application of Supreme Court precedent was “objectively unreasonable.” Id. at 409–10; see also Wiggins v. Smith, 539 U.S. 510, 520–21 (2003). Or, in other words, habeas relief is warranted, under the “unreasonable application” clause of section 2254(d), only if the understood and comprehended in existing law beyond any possibility for fairminded disagreement.” Harrington v. Richter, 562 U.S. 86, 103 (2011). B. Standards Governing Claims of Ineffective Assistance of Counsel In Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984), the Supreme Court propounded a two-part test for analysis of claims of ineffective assistance of counsel: the petitioner must demonstrate (1) that the attorney’s representation “fell below an objective standard of reasonableness,” and (2) that the attorney’s deficient performance prejudiced the defendant such that “there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 688, 694. A court considering a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel must apply a “strong presumption” that counsel’s representation was within the “wide range” of reasonable professional assistance. Id. at 689. The petitioner’s burden is to show “that counsel made errors so serious that counsel was not functioning as the ‘counsel’ guaranteed the defendant by the Sixth Amendment.” Id. at 687. To establish prejudice under Strickland, it is not enough for the habeas petitioner “to show that the errors had some conceivable effect on the outcome of the proceeding.” Id. at 693. Rather, the errors must be “so serious as to deprive the defendant of a fair trial, a trial whose result is reliable.” Id. at 687. Where a state court previously adjudicated a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel under Strickland, establishing that the state court’s decision was unreasonable is especially difficult. See Harrington, 562 U.S. at 104–05. In Harrington, the Supreme Court instructed:
The standards created by Strickland and § 2254(d) are both “highly deferential,” [Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689]; Lindh v. Murphy, 521 U.S. 320, 333, n.7, 117 S.Ct. 2059, 138 L.Ed.2d 481 (1997), and when the two apply in tandem, review is “doubly” so, Knowles [v. Mirzayance, 556 U.S. 111, 123 (2009)]. The Strickland standard is a general one, so the range of reasonable applications is substantial. 556 U.S., at 123, 129 S.Ct. at 1420. Federal habeas courts must guard against the danger of equating unreasonableness under Strickland with unreasonableness under § 2254(d). When § 2254(d) applies, the question is not whether counsel’s Harrington, 562 U.S. at 105; see also Cheney v. Washington, 614 F.3d 987, 995 (9th Cir. 2010) (“When a federal court reviews a state court’s Strickland determination under AEDPA, both AEDPA and Strickland’s deferential standards apply; hence, the Supreme Court’s description of the standard as ‘doubly deferential.’ [Yarborough v. Gentry, 540 U.S. 1, 6 (2003) (per curiam)].”). C. Ground 1 In Ground 1, Alvizar claims that his federal constitutional rights were violated as a result of ineffective assistance of counsel because his trial counsel did not properly advise him regarding the possibility of an appeal and did not file a notice of appeal on his behalf. See Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus (ECF No. 4), pp. 3–4. Alvizar asserted this claim in his state habeas action. See Supplemental Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus, Exh. 55, pp. 3–5 (ECF No. 12-25, pp. 4–6). The state district court held an evidentiary hearing, and then denied relief on the claim. See Transcript of Evidentiary Hearing, Exh. 65 (ECF No. 13-5); Order Denying Petition and Supplemental Petition, Exh. 66 (ECF No. 13-6). Alvizar appealed and asserted this claim on the appeal. See Appellant’s Opening Brief, Exh. 78, pp. 18–20 (ECF No. 13-18, pp. 26–28). The Nevada Court of Appeals affirmed the denial of relief on this claim, as follows:
... Alvizar claimed defense counsel was ineffective for failing to file a direct appeal and misinforming him as to his right to an appeal. The district court conducted an evidentiary hearing and found Alvizar did not indicate to defense counsel that he wanted to file a direct appeal or otherwise act in a manner giving rise to a duty to file an appeal. We conclude the district court’s finding is supported by substantial evidence and is not clearly wrong, Alvizar failed to demonstrate counsel’s performance was deficient, and the district court did not err in rejecting this claim. See Toston v. State, 127 Nev. 971, 978, 267 P.3d 795, 800 (2011) (“[Defense] counsel has a constitutional duty to file a direct appeal in two circumstances: when requested to do so and when the defendant expresses dissatisfaction with his conviction.”); Means v. State, 120 Nev. 1001, 1012–13, 103 P.3d 25, 33 (2004) (petitioner bears the burden of proving ineffective assistance). Order of Affirmance, Exh. 86, p. 2 (ECF No. 13-26, p. 3). This ruling was not unreasonable. In Roe v. Flores-Ortega, 528 U.S. 470 (2000), the Supreme Court held as follows:
We ... hold that counsel has a constitutionally imposed duty to consult with the defendant about an appeal when there is reason to think either (1) that a rational defendant would want to appeal (for example, because there are nonfrivolous grounds for appeal), or (2) that this particular defendant reasonably demonstrated to counsel that he was interested in appealing. In making this determination, courts must take into account all the information counsel knew or should have known. See [Strickland, 466 U.S. at 690] (focusing on the totality of the circumstances). Although not determinative, a highly relevant factor in this inquiry will be whether the conviction follows a trial or a guilty plea, both because a guilty plea reduces the scope of potentially appealable issues and because such a plea may indicate that the defendant seeks an end to judicial proceedings. Even in cases when the defendant pleads guilty, the court must consider such factors as whether the defendant received the sentence bargained for as part of the plea and whether the plea expressly reserved or waived some or all appeal rights. Only by considering all relevant factors in a given case can a court properly determine whether a rational defendant would have desired an appeal or that the particular defendant sufficiently demonstrated to counsel an interest in an appeal. Flores-Ortega, 528 U.S. at 480. With respect to the question of prejudice, the Flores- Ortega Court stated further: “[T]o show prejudice in these circumstances, a defendant must demonstrate that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s deficient failure to consult with him about an appeal, he would have timely appealed.” Id. at 484. At the evidentiary hearing in state court, Alvizar testified—somewhat ambiguously—that he spoke with his attorney about appealing, and his attorney told him not to worry about it, and that he had a year to initiate the appeal. See Transcript of Evidentiary Hearing, Exh. 65, pp. 8–9 (ECF No. 13-5, pp. 9–10) (“I don’t remember if it was when I, after I got sentenced or from another, from another charge I caught.”). Alvizar’s counsel testified at the evidentiary hearing that he had been practicing law since 1988 and doing criminal defense work since 1998. Id. at 46 (ECF No. 13-5, p. 47). He testified further as follows:
Q. After or at any point during your representation of Mr. Alvizar did he indicate to you that he wanted to appeal his conviction? A. No, not -- well, after the case was over I think I received something, either a letter or maybe it went to the Court, I’m not sure, but it you know, predictably in a guilty plea unless something goes wrong with sentencing there is not, you know, a lot of appellate [fodder] there.
Q. If he had asked you to file an appeal within -- well, what is the deadline to file an appeal? A. The notice of appeal has to be filed within 30 days of the judgment of conviction.
Q. Did Mr. Alvizar ever request you to file an appeal within that time frame? A. No. Q. What would you have done if he did? A. Filed a notice of appeal. Q. Did you ever tell him that that time frame was one year? A. One year to file the appeal? Q. Yes, the notice of appeal? A. No. No, I would not say that. Q. Why not? A. Well, that’s not true. Id. at 53–54 (ECF No. 13-5, pp. 54–55). The state courts reasonably found that this testimony by Alvizar’s counsel’s was credible, and that Alvizar did not reasonably demonstrate that he was interested in appealing. Furthermore, the evidence showed that there was no reason for Alvizar’s counsel to believe that a reasonable defendant in Alvizar’s situation would want to appeal. Alvizar’s counsel testified, as follows, about his impression of the State’s case:
Q. Did you look at the discovery provided to you by the prosecutor? A. I did. Q. And what was your sense of the strength of the State's case against Mr. Alvizar?
A. It was relatively strong. The identification was good. One of the victims of the shooting survived, so that would have been the State’s, you know, star witness and he made a very solid identification of Mr. Id. at 48 (ECF No. 13-5, p. 49). Alvizar pled guilty to second-degree murder, in exchange for the State stipulating to a sentence of life with the possibility of parole after ten years; the State agreed to drop the charges of open murder with use of a deadly weapon and attempted murder with use of a deadly weapon and agreed not to pursue any firearm or gang enhancement. See Guilty Plea Memorandum, Exh. 19 (ECF No. 11-19). In short, by entering the plea agreement Alvizar avoided the possibility of a significantly longer prison sentence, and he was sentenced exactly as contemplated in the plea agreement. See Judgment of Conviction, Exh. 27 (ECF No. 11-27). It was, therefore, reasonable for the state courts to find that Alvizar’s counsel had no reason to believe that a rational defendant in Alvizar’s situation would want to appeal his conviction and risk the possibility of a longer prison sentence if he went to trial. There is no showing that Alvizar’s counsel’s performance was unreasonable with respect to the possibility of Alvizar pursuing a direct appeal. The Nevada Court of Appeals’ ruling was not contrary to, or an unreasonable application of, Strickland or Flores-Ortega, or any other Supreme Court precedent, and was not based on an unreasonable determination of the facts in light of the evidence. See 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d). The Court will deny Alvizar habeas corpus relief on Ground 1. D. Ground 2 In Ground 2, Alvizar claims that his federal constitutional rights were violated as a result of ineffective assistance of counsel because his trial counsel failed to adequately investigate his case before he pled guilty. See Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus (ECF No. 4), pp. 5–6, 10. Alvizar asserted this claim in his state habeas action. See Supplemental Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus, Exh. 55, pp. 5–7 (ECF No. 12-25, pp. 6–8). The state district court held an evidentiary hearing, and then denied relief on the claim. See Transcript of Evidentiary Hearing, Exh. 65 (ECF No. 13-5); Order Denying Petition and Supplemental Petition, Exh. 66 (ECF No. 13-6). Alvizar appealed and asserted this claim on the appeal. See Appellant’s Opening Brief, Exh. 78, pp. 21–24 (ECF No. 13-18, pp. 29–32). The Nevada Court of Appeals affirmed the denial of relief on this claim, as follows:
... Alvizar claimed defense counsel was ineffective for failing to conduct an adequate investigation. The district court conducted an evidentiary hearing and made the following findings. Alvizar failed to allege or prove any facts that an independent investigation would have revealed. He did not identify what prejudice resulted from any failure to investigate. And he did not provide defense counsel with any direction that would have given rise to an obligation to conduct an independent investigation. We conclude the district court’s finding is supported by substantial evidence and is not clearly wrong, Alvizar failed to demonstrate counsel’s performance was deficient, and the district court did not err in rejecting this claim. See Means, 120 Nev. at 1012–13, 103 P.3d at 33; Molina v. State, 120 Nev. 185, 192, 87 P.3d 533, 538 (2004) (a petitioner claiming counsel did not conduct an adequate investigation must specify what a more thorough investigation would have uncovered). Order of Affirmance, Exh. 86, pp. 2–3 (ECF No. 13-26, pp. 3–4). This ruling was not unreasonable. This claim raises the question whether any information that could have been discovered through further investigation “would have led counsel to change his recommendation as to the plea.” Hill v. Lockhart, 474 U.S. 52, 59 (1985); see also Lambert v. Blodgett, 393 F.3d 943, 982 (9th Cir. 2004). This, in turn, depends on whether any information that could have been discovered through investigation would have supported a successful defense. See id. The Strickland Court instructed:
[S]trategic choices made after thorough investigation of law and facts relevant to plausible options are virtually unchallengeable; and strategic choices made after less than complete investigation are reasonable precisely to the extent that reasonable professional judgments support the limitations on investigation. In other words, counsel has a duty to make reasonable investigations or to make a reasonable decision that makes particular investigations unnecessary. In any ineffectiveness case, a particular decision not to investigate must be directly assessed for reasonableness in all the circumstances, applying a heavy measure of deference to counsel's judgments. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 691. At the evidentiary hearing, Alvizar’s counsel testified that he reviewed the discovery provided by the prosecutor and determined that the State’s case was strong because one of the two shooting victims survived and identified Alvarez based upon his facial tattoos. Transcript of Evidentiary Hearing, Exh. 65, p. 48 (ECF No. 13-5, p. 49). Asked if Alvizar ever identified any evidence that would support a defense, Alvizar’s trial counsel testified as follows:
Q. In your discussions with Mr. Alvizar what, if anything, did he ever tell you that would have assisted in some sort of defense against the original charges?
A. What did he tell me?
Q. Did he ever identify something that would support a defense? A. No. Like an alibi you mean or something like that? Q. Sure, anything. A. No. I think he -- no, I don't recall anything like that. Id. at 55 (ECF No. 13-5, p. 56). Alvizar makes no showing that his counsel’s investigation was unreasonable, or that any further investigation would have revealed information that could have supported a defense. Alvizar makes no showing that any further investigation would have affected his decision to plead guilty to second-degree murder. Alvizar claims that, if his counsel had conducted further investigation before he pled guilty, he would have discovered that Alvizar has a learning disability. But—putting aside the fact that this is information apparently within Alvizar’s knowledge, and investigation was not necessary for its discovery—there is no showing how evidence of a learning disability could have provided support for any defense, or how developing evidence of such would have affected Alvizar’s decision to plead guilty to second- degree murder. There is no showing that the Nevada Court of Appeals’ ruling on this claim was contrary to, or an unreasonable application of, Strickland, Hill, or any other Supreme Court precedent, or that it was based on an unreasonable determination of the facts in light of the evidence presented. The Court will deny Alvizar habeas corpus relief on Ground 2. E. Ground 3 In Ground 3, Alvizar claims that his federal constitutional rights were violated as a result of ineffective assistance of counsel because his trial counsel had a conflict of interest with respect to Alvizar’s request to withdraw his guilty plea, because his trial counsel did not secure appointment of separate counsel with respect to his request to withdraw his guilty plea, because his trial counsel did not properly advise him with respect to his request to withdraw his guilty plea, and because his trial counsel did not challenge or correct the trial court’s mischaracterization of the sentence he could receive if he withdrew his guilty plea. See Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus (ECF No. 4), pp. 7–8, 11. Alvizar asserted this claim in his state habeas action. See Supplemental Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus, Exh. 55, pp. 7–8 (ECF No. 12-25, pp. 8–9). The state district court held an evidentiary hearing, and then denied relief on the claim. See Transcript of Evidentiary Hearing, Exh. 65 (ECF No. 13-5); Order Denying Petition and Supplemental Petition, Exh. 66 (ECF No. 13-6). Alvizar appealed and asserted this claim on the appeal. See Appellant’s Opening Brief, Exh. 78, pp. 24–26 (ECF No. 13-18, pp. 32–34). The Nevada Court of Appeals affirmed the denial of relief on this claim, as follows:
... Alvizar claimed defense counsel was ineffective for failing to ensure conflict-free counsel was appointed during the status hearing to consider his request to withdraw his guilty plea. The district court conducted an evidentiary hearing and made the following findings. Alvizar failed to identify any facts that gave rise to an actual conflict with his defense counsel. If Alvizar had chosen to proceed with a motion to withdraw his guilty plea, the district court would have appointed independent counsel for the purposes of an evidentiary hearing. Alvizar chose not to attempt to withdraw his guilty plea; therefore, the appointment of independent counsel was not warranted. We conclude the district court’s finding is supported by substantial evidence and is not clearly wrong. Alvizar failed to demonstrate counsel’s performance was deficient, and the district court did not err in rejecting this claim. See Means, 120 Nev., at 1012–13, 103 P.3d at 33; Hargrove v. State, 100 Nev. 498, 502–08, 686 P.2d 222, 225 (1984) (a petitioner is not entitled to Order of Affirmance, Exh. 86, p. 3 (ECF No. 13-26, p. 4). This ruling was not unreasonable. After he pled guilty to second-degree murder, but before he was sentenced, Alvizar indicated that he wanted to withdraw his plea, and the trial court held a hearing regarding that request on December 17, 2013. See Inmate Request Form, Exh. 24 (ECF No. 11-24); Transcript of Status Hearing, Exh. 25 (ECF No. 11-25). At the hearing, Alvizar withdrew his request to withdraw his guilty plea. See Transcript of Status Hearing, Exh. 25, p. 30 (ECF No. 11-25, p. 31). As the Court understands Alvizar’s claim, it is that, if not for ineffective assistance of his counsel, Alvizar would have persisted with a motion to withdraw his plea. Alvizar first claims that his attempt to withdraw his plea gave rise to a conflict with his counsel, and his counsel was ineffective for not informing the trial court of the conflict and seeking appointment of independent counsel for Alvizar. This part of Ground 3, though, is belied by the record. At the December 17, 2013 hearing, Alvizar’s counsel pointed out his disagreement with Alvizar. See Transcript of Status Hearing, Exh. 25, p. 4 (ECF No. 11-25, p. 5) (“And my position was I was not going to be adopting his so-called motion to withdraw his plea. And I, of course, deny that I rendered ineffective assistance to him in this process.”); see also id. at 8 (ECF No. 11- 25, p. 9) (“Perhaps my motion to withdraw might be appropriate, but --”). The court indicated that if Alvizar sought to withdraw his plea, independent counsel would be appointed. See id. at 10 (ECF No. 11-25, p. 11) (“If you want a formal evidentiary hearing, we’ll bring Judge Stiglich in, you know. I would probably have to get another lawyer involved, and he can make a record of this. But there has to be something extraordinary to allow you to withdraw your plea.”). Alvizar then stated that is not what he wanted to do, and he abandoned his motion to withdraw his plea. Id. at 10–13, 31 (ECF No. 11-25, pp. 11–14, 32). Alvizar also claims that during the course of the December 17, 2013 hearing, the went to trial and was convicted, and his counsel was ineffective for not challenging or correcting the judge’s mischaracterization. However, the transcript of the hearing reveals that this claim is meritless. It is plain from a reading of the transcript that the judge was not advising Alvizar of what exactly his sentence would be if he went to trial and was convicted, but, rather, was simply making the point that in that case his sentence could be substantially greater than the sentence agreed upon in the plea agreement. See, e.g., id. at 9–10 (ECF No. 11-13, pp 10–11). It is plain that counsel performed reasonably in not challenging or correcting the judge’s statements. And, at any rate, Alvizar cannot show that he was prejudiced by his counsel not challenging or correcting the judge’s comments about the sentence he could receive if he went to trial and was convicted. The point was that, under the plea agreement, the State agreed to a sentence of life with the possibility of parole after ten years, but if Alvizar went to trial he could receive a much longer sentence, Alvizar understood that, and he decided not to seek to withdraw his plea. See Transcript of Evidentiary Hearing, Exh. 65, pp. 18–20, 31, 36, 43–45 (ECF No. 13-5, pp. 19–21, 32, 37, 44–46) (Alvizar testified that he decided not to seek to withdraw his guilty plea because he was concerned about the sentence he could receive if he withdrew his guilty plea and went to trial). Alvizar does not show that his counsel performed unreasonably with respect to Alvizar’s motion to withdraw his guilty plea, or that Alvizar was prejudiced. The Nevada Court of Appeals’ ruling on this claim was not contrary to, or an unreasonable application of, Strickland, or any other Supreme Court precedent, and was not based on an unreasonable determination of the facts in light of the evidence. The Court will deny Alvizar habeas corpus relief on Ground 3. F. Motions On February 28, 2020, the same day that Alvizar filed his reply to Respondents’ answer, Alvizar also filed a motion for appointment of counsel (ECF No. 25). Alvizar’s motions for appointment of counsel. See Order entered September 24, 2018 (ECF No. 7); Order entered August 9, 2019 (ECF No. 16). “Indigent state prisoners applying for habeas corpus relief are not entitled to appointed counsel unless the circumstances of a particular case indicate that appointed counsel is necessary to prevent due process violations.” Chaney v. Lewis, 801 F.2d 1191, 1196 (9th Cir. 1986) (citing Kreiling v. Field, 431 F.2d 638, 640 (9th Cir. 1970) (per curiam)). The court may, however, appoint counsel at any stage of the proceedings “if the interests of justice so require.” See 18 U.S.C. § 3006A; see also Rule 8(c), Rules Governing § 2254 Cases; Chaney, 801 F.2d at 1196. The Court determines that, under the circumstances of this case, appointed counsel is not necessary to prevent a due process violation. The Court will deny Alvizar’s further motion for appointment for appointment of counsel. Also, on February 28, 2020, Respondents filed a motion to strike (ECF No. 26), requesting that the Court strike Alvizar’s reply. Respondents point out that the reply is not properly signed by Alvizar. Taking into consideration that Alvizar appears pro se, and in the interest of entertaining all arguments by Alvizar in support of his claims, the Court will deny Respondents’ motion to strike. The Court has considered the arguments in Alvizar’s reply. G. Certificate of Appealability The standard for the issuance of a certificate of appealability requires a “substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right.” 28 U.S.C. §2253(c). The Supreme Court has interpreted 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c) as follows:
Where a district court has rejected the constitutional claims on the merits, the showing required to satisfy § 2253(c) is straightforward: The petitioner must demonstrate that reasonable jurists would find the district court’s assessment of the constitutional claims debatable or wrong. The issue becomes somewhat more complicated where, as here, the district court dismisses the petition based on procedural grounds. We hold as follows: When the district court denies a habeas petition on procedural grounds without reaching the prisoner’s underlying constitutional claim, a COA should issue when the prisoner shows, at least, that jurists of reason would find it debatable whether the petition states a valid claim of the denial of a constitutional right and that jurists of reason would find it Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000); see also James v. Giles, 221 F.3d 1074, 1077–79 (9th Cir. 2000). Applying the standard articulated in Slack, the Court finds that a certificate of appealability is unwarranted. The Court will deny Alvizar a certificate of appealability. This, however, does not preclude an appeal by Alvizar. Alvizar can seek to appeal by filing a timely notice of appeal in this action and seeking a certificate of appealability from the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. IV. Conclusion IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that Petitioner’s Motion for Appointment of Counsel (ECF No. 25) is DENIED. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Respondents’ Motion to Strike (ECF No. 26) is IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Petitioner’s Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus (ECF No. 4) is DENIED. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Petitioner is denied a certificate of appealability. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Clerk of the Court is directed to enter judgment accordingly. DATED THIS _2_9_th day of ____J_u_n_e_______________, 2020. HOWARD D. McKIBBEN, UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE