Allen Lamont Cooper v. Commonwealth of Kentucky

• Court: Court of Appeals of Kentucky
• Decided: January 17, 2025
• Docket: 2023-CA-1417
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

RENDERED: JANUARY 17, 2025; 10:00 A.M. NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

Commonwealth of Kentucky Court of Appeals NO. 2023-CA-1417-MR

ALLEN LAMONT COOPER APPELLANT

APPEAL FROM FAYETTE CIRCUIT COURT v. HONORABLE DIANE MINNIFIELD, JUDGE ACTION NO. 22-CR-00887

COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY APPELLEE

OPINION AFFIRMING

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BEFORE: COMBS, A. JONES, AND MCNEILL, JUDGES.

COMBS, JUDGE: In this criminal case, Appellant, Allen Lamont Cooper, appeals

from the trial court’s Order denying his motion to suppress evidence recovered

from the search of a vehicle. After our review, we affirm.

On October 10, 2022, a Fayette Grand Jury indicted Cooper and

charged him with: Count I: Convicted Felon in Possession of a Handgun; Count

2: Trafficking in Controlled Substance First Degree First Offense Greater Than or

Equal to Four Grams Cocaine; Count 3: Theft by Unlawful Taking or Disposition Greater Than $10,000 But Less Than $1,000,000; Count 4: Theft by Unlawful

Taking or Disposition Firearm; Count 5: Terroristic Threatening Third Degree;

Count 6: Operation of Motor Vehicle Under the Influence of Alcohol First

Offense (DUI); Count 7: Operating Vehicle with Expired Operator’s License;

Count 8: Possession of Open Alcohol Beverage Container in Motor Vehicle; and

Count 9: Persistent Felony Offender First Degree (PFO).

On January 18, 2023, Cooper filed a motion to suppress evidence

seized as the result of a vehicle search. On February 14, 2023, the trial court

conducted a hearing on Cooper’s motion. The Commonwealth called two

witnesses -- Detective Monica Rozalski and Officer Donald Childers, both of the

Lexington Police Department.

Detective Rozalski testified that she was assigned the case on July 29,

2022, and contacted by phone1 Sharonda Cooper, the victim of the Appellant’s act

of terroristic threatening. Sharonda said that while she was making dinner, she and

Cooper got into an argument; he had been drinking. They continued to argue. At

one point Cooper said he was “done arguing,” grabbed the car keys, and fled in

Sharonda’s vehicle. Later, Sharonda went to her brother’s house because Cooper

was sending threatening text messages. Sharonda related that Cooper was

1 Sharonda Cooper was defendant’s girlfriend. For clarity, we refer to her as Sharonda because she and the defendant coincidently have the same last name. They are not married.

-2- threating to kill her or her family members because she had called the police; that

he was going to shoot up her brother’s house; and that he was not going to return

the car, claiming to have sold it in Cincinnati. Cooper continued to call Sharonda

throughout the night, still threatening her. Sharonda said she heard three shots

fired. Shortly thereafter, dispatch received a call reporting gun shots within a

couple of houses from Sharonda’s brother’s house.

According to Detective Rozalski, Sharonda had let Cooper use the car

in the past, but this time she did not give him permission because he was

intoxicated. Sharonda did report the vehicle stolen to Detective Rozalski.

Sharonda also related that her 9mm gun was in the console. Based upon

Sharonda’s reporting the car and firearm stolen, Detective Rozalski filed for

warrants for theft of the automobile and theft of the firearm. The detective

explained that the report of the stolen car would have been entered into the

database systems and that when officers ran the vehicle they would be alerted a

firearm might be involved.

Officer Childers testified that while he was on patrol on July 30, 2022,

in the area of Woodhill and New Circle Road, he saw the vehicle which he knew

had been reported as stolen. Officer Childers activated his emergency lights to

make a traffic stop on the vehicle. Cooper did not attempt to elude. Ultimately, he

turned onto Merrick Drive, pulled over, and stopped. While behind the subject

-3- vehicle and prior to stopping on Merrick Drive, Officer Childers ran the

registration plates through NCIC,2 which reported that it was a stolen vehicle and

that the operator possibly was armed with a 9mm firearm. Also prior to stopping

the vehicle, dispatch advised that the suspect was listed as Allen Lamont Cooper

and that he was possibly armed.

Officer Childers testified that he ordered Cooper out of the vehicle.

He was cooperative. Officer Baker, who had been following Officer Childers,

placed Cooper in handcuffs. Cooper was taken behind Officer Baker’s cruiser and

Mirandized.3 Nothing was found on Cooper when he was searched. Officer

Childers testified that the fact nothing was found on Cooper’s person gave them

reason to believe that the firearm was still in the vehicle. Officer Childers was

aware of Cooper’s possibly having been involved in a domestic incident earlier.

Officer Childers ran Cooper’s information through NCIC and learned that Cooper

had two outstanding warrants for his arrest.

Officer Steele arrived on the scene after the stop was made and

conducted a DUI (driving under the influence) investigation after detecting an odor

of alcohol on Cooper. Officer Steele advised Officer Childers that he was placing

2 National Crime Information Center. 3 Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S. Ct. 1602, 16 L. Ed. 2d 694 (1966).

-4- Cooper under arrest for driving under the influence. At that point, Cooper was

being charged with the two warrants and the DUI.

Officer Childers testified that they conducted a search of the vehicle

incident to arrest and found a half-empty bottle of tequila in plain view in the

passenger seat, two bags containing a white substance suspected of being cocaine,

a 9mm handgun with a loaded magazine in the glove box, 23 unspent 9mm bullets,

one spent 9mm casing, a digital scale, and $527.00.

According to Officer Childers, the search of the vehicle was

conducted incident to the arrest for the DUI. The search was also undertaken for

further evidence that Cooper was under the influence. Officer Childers did not

have any information that Cooper previously had permission to use the vehicle.

Officer Childers testified that the only knowledge he had was that it was a

confirmed stolen vehicle.

Following closing statements, the trial court denied the motion to

suppress, explaining as follows:

Mr. Cooper, I am going to not suppress this evidence. I do believe it was a valid opportunity for the police to search the vehicle. One, it’s not your car. Two, you know the person who owns the car indicated you had taken it without her permission, she reported it stolen, she indicated there was a gun in that vehicle. . . . But once you pulled over and [the officer] approached the vehicle and of course, they had information that the person who believed to be in possession of that vehicle was probably going to be armed because there is a gun that was

-5- expected to be in that vehicle. So, they approached it with caution. But then, once you had gotten out, I think that he indicated Officer Steele was the one who smelled alcohol, which gives them probable cause at that point to do the necessary tests for DUI, driving under the influence. There was an open bottle of alcohol seen in the vehicle, and that in and of itself allows for a search incident to arrest. And within that vehicle, there was cocaine, there was the gun, there was scales, there was evidence of a furtherance of the DUI crime but additional evidence was found in furtherance of other crimes, and those can be, you know, obtained as well because of their initial exposure to that vehicle was legitimate and fair and met the exceptions for having the necessity of a warrant. . . . [A]nd the fact that it had been reported stolen by her does not require them to get consent from her to look at that vehicle so the county [sic] is going to overrule your motion to suppress the evidence and allow the evidence to move this case forward.

On February 17, 2023, the trial court entered its written Order denying

Cooper’s motion “for the reason stated on the record.”

On August 30, 2023, Cooper entered a conditional guilty plea to being

a convicted felon in possession of a handgun; first-degree possession of a

controlled substance; unauthorized use of a motor vehicle;4 DUI; terroristic

4 As the Commonwealth explains at page 6, footnote 4 of its Appellee’s brief, “[w]hile the case was pending, the victim backpedaled on her initial stolen-vehicle report and asked for Cooper to be released from jail. The Commonwealth amended the theft by unlawful taking to unauthorized use of a motor vehicle.” (Citations in brief to record omitted.)

-6- threatening; and second-degree PFO.5 Cooper was sentenced to ten years,

probated for five.

He now appeals.

On appellate review of a trial court’s denial of a motion to suppress, we must apply the two-step process set out in Ornelas v. U.S., 517 U.S. 690, 116 S. Ct. 1657, 134 L. Ed. 2d 911 (1996), and adopted by Kentucky in Adcock v. Commonwealth, 967 S.W.2d 6 (Ky.1998). First, we review the trial court’s findings of fact under a clearly erroneous standard. Welch v. Commonwealth, 149 S.W.3d 407, 409 (Ky.2 004). Under this standard, the trial court’s findings of fact will be deemed conclusive if they are supported by substantial evidence. Drake v. Commonwealth, 222 S.W.3d 254, 256 (Ky. App. 2007).

We then conduct a de novo review of the trial court’s application of the law to the established facts to determine whether its ruling was correct as a matter of law. Id. Under this standard, we afford no deference to the trial court’s application of the law to the facts found. Cinelli v. Ward, 997 S.W.2d 474, 476 (Ky. App. 1998).

Lynn v. Commonwealth, 257 S.W.3d 596, 598 (Ky. App. 2008).

Cooper’s first argues is that the trial court failed to make sufficient

findings of fact and that it failed to clearly delineate between its findings of fact

and conclusions of law. We disagree. We are satisfied from our review of the

record that the trial court’s findings of fact have a substantial evidentiary

5 The guilty pleas to being a convicted felon in possession of a handgun and DUI were Alford pleas. North Carolina v. Alford, 400 U.S. 25, 91 S. Ct. 160, 27 L. Ed. 2d 162 (1970).

-7- foundation. Thus, they are conclusive. Accordingly, “our remaining task is

focused solely upon whether the trial court properly applied the law to [the] facts

[as found].” Id. As noted below, the trial court did not err in its legal analysis in

applying the law to the facts.

Next Cooper makes an unwieldy argument that no exception to the

warrant requirement existed. He queries whether he had a reasonable expectation

of privacy since it was not his car, whether the arrest for DUI allowed for a search

incident to arrest, and whether Sharonda implicitly consented to a search of the

entire car when she reported it as stolen.

As the Commonwealth notes, “[a] person driving a stolen vehicle has

no reasonable expectation of privacy entitling him to suppress anything found

during a search of the stolen vehicle.” Commonwealth v. Roden, 565 S.W.3d 635,

638 (Ky. App. 2018). Roden involved suppression of a lockbox and its contents

seized during a warrantless search of a stolen car which the defendant was driving

when stopped by police. This Court explained:

To challenge the warrantless search of the lockbox . . . Roden must establish he had standing, a burden requiring proof of two points: “a subjective expectation of privacy in the object of the challenged search” and “society is prepared to recognize that expectation as legitimate.” United States v. Sangineto-Miranda, 859 F.2d 1501, 1510 (6th Cir. 1988) (citations omitted). Roden did not testify and offered no proof.

Id. at 638.

-8- In the case before us, the testimony presented at the suppression

hearing was uncontroverted that the vehicle Cooper was driving at the time of his

arrest was reported as stolen. Cooper did not testify and offered no proof at the

suppression hearing to establish that he had standing to challenge the warrantless

search of the vehicle. Thus, the trial court did not err in denying the motion to

suppress.

The trial court correctly determined that the police had probable cause

to search the vehicle that had been reported as stolen -- despite the fact that

Sharonda later recanted that allegation. Because the existence of probable cause is

dispositive of this case, we need not address Cooper’s remaining arguments. Lynn,

257 S.W.3d at 599 (This Court may affirm trial court’s decision for any reason

sustainable under the record.).

We affirm.

ALL CONCUR.

BRIEFS FOR APPELLANT: BRIEF FOR APPELLEE:

Emily Holt Rhorer Russell Coleman Frankfort, Kentucky Attorney General of Kentucky

Joseph A. Beckett Assistant Attorney General Frankfort, Kentucky

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