Ali Ghafouri v. Kristi Noem, Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security, et al.

• Court: District Court, S.D. California
• Decided: October 16, 2025
• Docket: 3:25-cv-02675
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 ALI GHAFOURI, Case No.: 3:25-cv-02675-RBM-BLM

12 Petitioner, ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE AND 13 v. GRANTING MOTION FOR APPOINTMENT OF COUNSEL 14 KRISTI NOEM, Secretary of the Department

of Homeland Security, et al., 15 [Doc. 2] Respondents. 16 17 18 On October 8, 2025, Petitioner Ali Ghafouri (“Petitioner”) filed a Petition for Writ 19 of Habeas Corpus (“Petition”) pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241. (Doc. 1.) The same day, 20 Petitioner filed a Motion for Appointment of Counsel (Doc. 2) and a Notice of Motion and 21 Memorandum of Law in Support of a Temporary Restraining Order (“TRO”) (Doc. 3). In 22 his Petition, Petitioner claims he is being detained by United States Immigration and 23 Customs Enforcement (“ICE”) in violation of the Fifth Amendment’s Due Process Clause, 24 as well as regulatory and statutory procedural safeguards. (Doc. 1 at 2, 8–20.)1 25 26 27 28 1 1 I. ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE 2 Having reviewed the Petition and the accompanying TRO, the Court finds summary 3 dismissal of the Petition is unwarranted at this time. See Kourteva v. INS, 151 F. Supp. 2d 4 1126, 1128 (N.D. Cal. 2001) (“Summary dismissal is appropriate only where the 5 allegations in the petition are vague or conclusory, palpably incredible, or patently 6 frivolous or false.”) (citation omitted). 7 Accordingly, Respondents are ORDERED TO SHOW CAUSE on or before 8 October 20, 2025 at 4:30 p.m. as to why the Petition should not be granted by: (1) filing 9 a written response; (2) making a recommendation regarding the need for an evidentiary 10 hearing on the Petition; and (3) filing copies of all documents or evidence identified below 11 or otherwise relevant to the determination of the issues raised in the Petition and the TRO. 12 Petitioner may file a reply on or before October 24, 2025 at 4:30 p.m. The matter will be 13 deemed under submission at that time and the Parties shall await further order from the 14 Court. 15 As exhibits to the Response, the Court ORDERS Respondents to file copies of the 16 following documents or evidence, to the extent such copies exist: 17 1. Any documents or evidence reflecting the Government’s determination that 18 Petitioner’s release should be revoked. 19 2. The Notice of Revocation of Release, if any, issued to Petitioner. 20 3. Any documents or evidence otherwise indicating whether Petitioner received 21 notice of the reasons for the revocation of his release. 22 4. Any documents or evidence indicating the Government conducted an informal 23 interview in which Petitioner was allowed to respond to the reasons for the 24 revocation of his release. 25 5. Any documents or evidence indicating that Petitioner was otherwise provided 26 with an opportunity to be heard. 27 6. Any documents or evidence reflecting the Government’s efforts to obtain travel 28 documents for Petitioner prior to his arrest. 1 To maintain the status quo, Respondents, their officers, agents, servants, employees, 2 attorneys, and other persons who act in concert or participation with Respondents SHALL 3 NOT transfer Petitioner outside of the Southern District of California pending the Court’s 4 resolution of the Petition. 5 Moreover, the Clerk of the Court is DIRECTED TO TRANSMIT a copy of the 6 Petition (Doc. 1), the Motion for Appointment of Counsel (Doc. 2), the TRO (Doc. 3), and 7 this Order to the United States Attorneys’ Office. 8 II. MOTION FOR APPOINTMENT OF COUNSEL 9 Petitioner moves this Court to appoint Federal Defenders of San Diego, Inc. 10 (“Federal Defenders”) as his counsel. (Doc. 2 at 1.) 11 “Whenever the United States magistrate judge or the [C]ourt determines that the 12 interests of justice so require, representation may be provided for any financially eligible 13 person who . . . (B) is seeking relief under section 2241, 2254, or 2255 of title 28.” 18 14 U.S.C. § 3006A(a)(2). “In deciding whether to appoint counsel in a habeas proceeding, 15 the district court must evaluate the likelihood of success on the merits as well as the ability 16 of the petitioner to articulate his claims pro se in light of the complexity of the legal issues 17 involved.” Weygandt v. Look, 718 F.2d 952, 954 (9th Cir. 1983) (citations omitted). The 18 appointment of counsel is left to the sound discretion of the Court. See Terrovona v. 19 Kincheloe, 912 F.2d 1176, 1181–82 (9th Cir. 1990). 20 In his Motion for Appointment of Counsel, Petitioner states he has no savings, he is 21 the sole provider for his family, and his fiancée has sold two cars to pay the bills while he 22 has been in ICE custody. (Doc. 2 at 3.) Petitioner has therefore sufficiently alleged he 23 cannot afford to hire counsel. 24 Petitioner also asserts he “has a strong claim for release under Zadvydas v. Davis, 25 533 U.S. 678 (2001)” but Zadvydas cases are complex and often require an evidentiary 26 hearing. (Id. at 1.) Petitioner claims that he lacks legal education and unrestricted access 27 to the internet to contend with the complex legal issues implicated in Zadvydas cases, like 28 his, which are “grounded in constitutional law, statutory interpretation, administrative 1 procedure, [ ] habeas law,” and immigration law. (/d. at 5-6.) Indeed, as Petitioner 2 || correctly notes (id. at 2), Federal Defenders is routinely appointed to represent noncitizens 3 similar immigration habeas proceedings. See Bui v. Warden of the Otay Mesa Detention 4 || Facility, Case No. 3:25-cv-02111-JES-DEB, ECF No. 7 (S.D. Cal. Sept. 11, 2025); Hersi 5 || v. Mayorkas, Case No. 3:24-cv-0299-JES-DDL, ECF No. 8, (S.D. Cal. April 8, 2024); 6 || Severino-Zuniga v. Att’y Gen., Case No.: 17-cv-0529-AJB-KSC, 2017 WL 9916027, at *2 7 W(S.D. Cal. July 6, 2017); Chen v. Napolitano, No. 09cv563-IEG-NLS, 2009 WL 857628, 8 *1 (S.D. Cal. Mar. 27, 2009); Liu v. Chertoff, Civil No. 07CV1654 JAH (RBB), 2007 9 || WL 2429754, at *3 (S.D. Cal. Aug. 24, 2007); Castrillon v. Dep’t of Homeland Sec., CASE 10 |] NO. 05CV1552-BEN (NLS), 2006 WL 8448314, at *2 (S.D. Cal. Jan. 31, 2006). Thus, 11 || Petitioner has adequately shown that he cannot “articulate his claims” without counsel. See 12 || Weygandt, 718 F.2d at 954; see, e.g., Phan v. Warden, Case No. 25-cv-2369-AJB, ECF 13 5, 8 (S.D. Cal. Sept. 25, 2025) (appointing counsel for a habeas petitioner in the 14 ||immigration context whose claims implicated 8 U.S.C. § 1231(a)(6), Zadvydas, and 8 15 ||C.F.R. § 241.13(@)(2)). 16 Accordingly, the Court GRANTS Petitioner’s Motion for Appointment of Counsel 17 ||(Doc. 2). Given the organization’s expressed willingness to represent him in this matter 18 id. at 10-11), the Court appoints Federal Defenders of San Diego, Inc., to represent 19 || Petitioner. 20 IT IS SO ORDERED. 21 DATE: October 16, 2025 ele tea 73 ON. RUTH BERM@DEZ!' MONTENEGRO UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE 24 25 26 27 28