Aleksejs Nosals v. Eric Holder, Jr.

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedApril 8, 2009
Docket08-2694
StatusUnpublished

This text of Aleksejs Nosals v. Eric Holder, Jr. (Aleksejs Nosals v. Eric Holder, Jr.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Aleksejs Nosals v. Eric Holder, Jr., (7th Cir. 2009).

Opinion

NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1

United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit Chicago, Illinois 60604

Argued February 20, 2009 Decided April 8, 2009

Before

WILLIAM J. BAUER, Circuit Judge

DANIEL A. MANION, Circuit Judge

DIANE S. SYKES, Circuit Judge

No. 08‐2694 Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals ALEKSEJS NOSALS, Petitioner, No. A98‐829‐309

v.

ERIC H. HOLDER, JR., Attorney General of the United States, Respondent.

O R D E R

Aleksejs Nosals, an ethnic Ukrainian who was born and has resided in Latvia, traveled to the United States in 2004 to work for the summer. After overstaying his visa, Nosals filed an asylum application and sought withholding of removal and relief under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). The asylum officer denied his application, and an immigration judge (“IJ”), after an evidentiary hearing, did the same. The Board of Immigration Appeals dismissed his appeal, and Nosals filed a timely petition for review in this court. For the following reasons, we deny his petition for review. No. 08-2694 Page 2

I.

Aleksejs Nosals was born in Riga, Latvia, in 1983.1 Though his surname is Latvian, Nosals and his family are not ethnic Latvians; they are of Ukranian descent. Nosals’s family has resided in Latvia since at least the time of his birth, and his parents, along with his younger brother, remain there. Nosals’s family is part of a significant minority—around forty percent of Latvia’s population—that is not ethnic Latvian. Despite being born and raised in Latvia, speaking fluent Latvian, and attending the University of Latvia, Nosals has chosen not to become a Latvian citizen.

Nosals believes that he will be subject to persecution because of his Ukrainian ethnicity if he returns to Latvia. During the hearing before the IJ, Nosals described three incidents that he claims support that belief. First, while he attended the University of Riga in 2002, a group of Latvians hit him from behind, causing him to fall down. Nosals claimed they told him he was “an occupant” and “should go away.” He also alleged that they threatened to kill him if he did not leave. Because he was covering his face, Nosals never saw his attackers. Although Nosals put ice on his head when he got home, he admitted that he bore no physical signs of the attack. Nosals testified that he reported this incident to the police but was unable to give the police officers any details about his attackers. The officers told him that they could not help. Nosals did not pursue his complaint any further, and he continued to attend the university.

The second incident occurred in March 2003 when Nosals joined a counter‐ demonstration protesting a neo‐Nazi rally in Riga. The neo‐Nazis had obtained governmental approval for their demonstration; the counter‐demonstrators had not. According to Nosals, the point of the counter‐protest was to stand up against violence. Despite their intention, events took a violent turn when the participants in both rallies clashed. The police were forced to intervene and to separate the groups. Nosals testified that he was beaten by the police, arrested, held in custody for a couple of hours, and fined. After that incident, Nosals returned to the university and continued his studies. A year later he participated in a similar protest without incident.

The third incident occurred in March 2004, shortly after Nosals participated in the second protest. Nosals and a friend were on a train back to Riga when members of Klubs

1 For purposes of this order we presume that Nosals testified credibly at the hearing before the immigration judge. See 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii). We therefore draw our account of the facts from his testimony at that hearing. No. 08-2694 Page 3

415, a neo‐Nazi youth organization, overheard them speaking in Russian. The neo‐Nazis accosted Nosals and his friend, beat them with clubs, and threw them from the train after pressing the emergency stop. Nosals suffered a broken arm and a hairline fracture on his foot. He received treatment from a local hospital and then went with his friend to the police. An officer listened to their report and wrote down their claims; however, Nosals could not identify who beat him up, and the police did not open a criminal case.

In addition to those three incidents, Nosals also described an episode involving his parents. Nosals testified that his parents had attempted to obtain the hospital and police records to support his asylum claim but were refused. Shortly after Nosals’s parents requested the records, a group of men claiming to be police officers came to their house and, after asking a few questions, recommended that Nosals’s parents not continue seeking his records. The next day, his parents discovered graffiti on their door stating “Russians go away to your Russia.” Nosals also acknowledged, however, that his parents are still living in Latvia and have never been arrested, harmed, or persecuted in any way.

Neither the IJ, nor the BIA, thought that those four incidents amounted to either past persecution in Latvia or justified a well‐founded fear of future persecution there. In its opinion, the BIA noted that the treatment Nosals received from the police after the counter‐ protest bore no relation to his ethnicity. The BIA also found that the other two incidents in which Nosals was physically harmed did not rise to the level of past persecution. In addition, the BIA found that Nosals had failed to establish a well‐founded fear of future persecution. The BIA therefore denied Nosals relief and dismissed the appeal. Nosals timely filed a petition for review in this court.

II.

Because the BIA issued its own opinion rather than merely supplementing or expressly adopting the IJ’s decision, we review only the BIA’s opinion. Moab v. Gonzales, 500 F.3d 656, 659 (7th Cir. 2007). We will uphold the BIA’s denial of relief if it is “supported by reasonable, substantial, and probative evidence on the record considered as a whole.” INS v. Elias‐Zacarias, 502 U.S. 478, 481 (1992). Reversal is appropriate only if the record compels granting the applicant asylum. See id.2

2 Nosals does not raise any arguments in his petition about either withholding of removal or CAT relief. We therefore will not address those claims. See Haxhiu v. Mukasey, 519 F.3d 685, 692 (7th Cir. 2008). No. 08-2694 Page 4

Asylum is available to persons who have suffered past persecution or have a well‐founded fear of future persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(42)(A); Boci v. Gonzales, 473 F.3d 762, 766 (7th Cir. 2007). Nosals first argues that the BIA erred in concluding that the three incidents described above did not meet the standard for past persecution. Persecution is “a high standard and one that is properly difficult to meet without powerful and moving evidence.” Dandan v. Ashcroft, 339 F.3d 567, 573–74 (7th Cir. 2003).

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Bluebook (online)
Aleksejs Nosals v. Eric Holder, Jr., Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/aleksejs-nosals-v-eric-holder-jr-ca7-2009.