Abbott v. State

278 S.W.3d 929, 2009 Tex. App. LEXIS 7085, 2009 WL 944198
CourtCourt of Appeals of Texas
DecidedApril 8, 2009
Docket10-07-00295-CR
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 278 S.W.3d 929 (Abbott v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Abbott v. State, 278 S.W.3d 929, 2009 Tex. App. LEXIS 7085, 2009 WL 944198 (Tex. Ct. App. 2009).

Opinions

CONCURRENCE

TOM GRAY, Chief Justice.

I agree with almost everything stated in the dissenting opinion. The problem with the analysis in the dissenting opinion, and why I cannot join in the procedure it advocates, is that it simply stops short of the relevant rule. In this proceeding, this Court’s original opinion, Abbott v. State, 245 S.W.3d 19, 22 (Tex.App.-Waco 2007) to which I dissented, was reversed by the Court of Criminal Appeals. Abbott v. State, 271 S.W.3d 694, 697 (Tex.Crim.App. 2008). On remand, the Clerk is now inquiring why we have not received a brief from the appellant and also noting we are questioning our jurisdiction. This letter is in compliance with over 20 years of precedent from the Court of Criminal Appeals and the applicable Rules of Appellate Procedure.

The case to which the relevant legal analysis can be traced is a writ of habeas corpus proceeding. Ex parte Lopez, 745 S.W.2d 29 (Tex.Crim.App.1988). The Court of Criminal Appeals held that on remand the defendant “stood in the same position as he did when the initial appeal was filed.” Lopez, 745 S.W.2d at 30. The Court noted that the allegation of the applicant in the petition was that on remand he had been abandoned by his original counsel and that no counsel was appointed to represent him. Id. at 29. The Court noted that the United States Constitution requires the appointment of counsel to represent indigent defendants in a first level of appeal as a matter of right. Id. at 30. Therefore, because the record was unclear whether Lopez was represented by counsel on remand, the Court remanded the proceeding to the trial court for an evidentiary hearing. When the case was returned to the Court of Criminal Appeals on the record developed by the trial court, the Court stated as follows.

It becomes apparent then that applicant was in fact not represented by counsel in front of the Corpus Christi Court of Appeals when they heard his case in 1985 on remand from this court, and affirmed the judgment of the convicting court. (Citation omitted). The question now becomes: Was applicant entitled to representation of counsel upon remand. We answer in the affirmative.

Ex parte Lopez, 763 S.W.2d 427, 429 (Tex.Crim.App.1989).

In a pair of cases decided on the same day in the year following Lopez, the Court of Criminal Appeals elaborated on the mechanism designed to insure the protection of the defendant’s right to counsel. Robinson v. State, 790 S.W.2d 334 (Tex.Crim.App.1990); Williams v. State, 790 S.W.2d 336 (Tex.Crim.App.1990). In this pair of cases, the Court discussed the relevant rules to protect the defendant from not being represented by counsel. The Court made the following statement in both cases.

Appellant was represented by appointed counsel in his original appeal and first petition for discretionary review. On remand no new brief was filed by counsel. This record does not indicate whether the clerk of the Court of Appeals notified the trial court or counsel for the parties that no brief was filed, nor does it reflect that the trial court was ordered to conduct a hearing as to why no brief was filed. See Tex.R.App. Pro. 74(l )(2). (Now Rule 38.8(b)).

[931]*931Robinson, 790 S.W.2d at 335 (footnote omitted); Williams, 790 S.W.2d at 337 (footnote omitted).

The Court went on to clarify the precise procedural posture of the case after remand and how the rules applied. The Court made the following statement in both cases.

The Rules of Appellate Procedure do not specifically address procedures in the courts of appeals after remand by this Court. However, because an appellant whose case is remanded to the Court of Appeals stands “in the same position as he did when the initial appeal was filed,” the appellate rules apply just as though the appeal were on original submission.
In this case the return of the record to the Court of Appeals was equivalent to “the filing of the transcript and statement of facts,” such that appellant’s counsel had thirty days to file a brief for appellant. Tex.R.App.Pro. 74(k). When no such brief was timely filed, the Court of Appeals was required to inquire as to the reason for that omission. Tex. RAppJPro. 74(i)(2). In the absence of any brief by counsel or inquiry by the Court of Appeals it must be presumed that an indigent appellant was not represented by counsel.
The question of whether appellant will succeed on the merits, see Arnold v. State, 784 S.W.2d 372 (Tex.Cr.App.1990), is not relevant to this inquiry. The absence of any assistance of counsel after remand entitles appellant to have this cause returned to the Court of Appeals for reconsideration with the assistance of counsel. Lopez, 763 S.W.2d at 430.

Robinson, 790 S.W.2d at 335-336 (footnotes omitted); Williams, 790 S.W.2d at 337-338.

The Court has consistently followed this requirement in subsequent cases. Reich-Bacot, 952 S.W.2d 542 (Tex.Crim.App.1997); Theus v. State, 863 S.W.2d 489 (Tex.Crim.App.1993). And for the clarification of the procedure, the San Antonio Court of Appeals discussed the procedure to be used in some detail, including quoting Local Rule 12 of this Court (now Local Rule 19) which specifically addresses the time to file briefs on remand. Muniz v. State, 865 S.W.2d 513, 514-16 (Tex.App.San Antonio 1993, pet ref d).

The only case that is in the least inconsistent with this line of authority is Bell v. State, 956 S.W.2d 560 (Tex.Crim.App.1997). Bell discussed and distinguished only Theus. And while it does not fit neatly within the rule and precedent, it is important to note that it was decided on the basis that the appellant was not harmed by the lack of additional briefing and does not address whether the record made clear that the appellant was in fact represented by counsel on appeal after remand. In any event, the Court of Criminal Appeals seems to conclude that under the unique facts of that case, it was error, but it was harmless, to not give the appellant the opportunity to submit briefing on remand.

In summary, the Clerk is doing exactly what the Court of Criminal Appeals and the Rules of Appellate Procedure require — notifying the parties that a brief is due but none has been filed. If the parties want to expedite the proceeding, they should immediately inforhi the Court that they will rely upon their briefs on original submission, which either party is entitled to do. But the critical inquiry will come from this Court if we do not get a brief or a letter that indicates that counsel will rely upon his original brief for the representation of the appellant.

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Related

Carmell v. State
331 S.W.3d 450 (Court of Appeals of Texas, 2010)
Scott Leslie Carmell v. State
Court of Appeals of Texas, 2010
Abbott v. State
278 S.W.3d 929 (Court of Appeals of Texas, 2009)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
278 S.W.3d 929, 2009 Tex. App. LEXIS 7085, 2009 WL 944198, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/abbott-v-state-texapp-2009.