Abascal v. Fleckenstein

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Second Circuit
DecidedApril 29, 2016
Docket14-1591-cv
StatusPublished

This text of Abascal v. Fleckenstein (Abascal v. Fleckenstein) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Abascal v. Fleckenstein, (2d Cir. 2016).

Opinion

14‐1591‐cv Abascal v. Fleckenstein, et al.

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

August Term, 2015

(Argued: January 6, 2016 Decided: April 29, 2016)

Docket No. 14‐1591‐cv ________________________________________________________________________

ISIDRO ABASCAL,

Plaintiff‐Appellee,

‐ v. ‐

DENNIS FLECKENSTEIN AND CHESTER KOSMOWSKI,

Defendants‐Appellants,

WILLIAM KUMP, JAMES T. CONWAY, THOMAS G. EAGEN,

Defendants. ________________________________________________________________________

Before: POOLER, HALL, and CARNEY, Circuit Judges.

Defendants Dennis Fleckenstein and Chester Kosmowski appeal from a July 15, 2013 judgment of the United States District Court for the Western District of New York (Schroeder, M.J.), entered against them pursuant to a jury verdict, and an April 7, 2014 order of the district court denying their motion to set aside the verdict. The jury found that both defendants had violated Isidro Abascal’s constitutional right to nutritionally adequate food and awarded Abascal $1 in nominal damages and $150,000 in punitive damages ($75,000 per defendant). At trial, the district court admitted into evidence a report authored by the Correctional Association of New York regarding conditions at the Attica 1

Correctional Facility, where Abascal’s alleged abuse took place. The report included statements by other inmates alleging abuse at Attica, as well as the report’s authors’ views about the pervasive culture of abuse at the facility. On appeal, the defendants argue that the district court’s admission of the report constitutes reversible error that warrants a new trial. We hold that the district court abused its discretion when it admitted the report into evidence because it was inadmissible hearsay and did not qualify for the business records or public records exceptions. We vacate the judgment and remand the case to the district court because this error was not harmless.

VACATED and REMANDED.

MARTIN A. HOTVET, Assistant Solicitor General (Barbara D. Underwood, Solicitor General, Andrea Oser, Deputy Solicitor General, and Frederick A. Brodie, Assistant Solicitor General, on the brief), for Eric T. Schneiderman, Attorney General of the State of New York, Albany, NY for Defendants‐Appellants Dennis Fleckenstein and Chester Kosmowski.

JEFFREY F. BAASE, Rupp Baase Pfalzgraf Cunningham LLC, Buffalo, NY for Plaintiff‐Appellee Isidro Abasacal.

HALL, Circuit Judge:

I. BACKGROUND

Plaintiff‐Appellee Isidro Abascal was an inmate with the New York State

Department of Corrections and Community Supervision from April 1997 to 2

September 2005. In November 2003, the Department of Corrections transferred

Abascal to the Attica Correctional Facility in upstate New York. While at Attica,

Abascal alleges, he was prevented from leaving his cell during fourteen

mealtimes and during several recreational periods. He also contends that Officer

Fleckenstein physically assaulted him. These abuses allegedly were in retaliation

for filing grievances against individual corrections officers. The retaliatory abuse

occurred between November 2003 and March 2005.

In March 2005—a few weeks after the last alleged incident of abuse—

members of the Correctional Association of New York (the “Association”) visited

the Attica Correctional Facility to conduct research for a prison monitoring

report (the “Report”), which was published six months later. The Association is a

private, nonprofit corporation that is registered with the New York State

Department of State, Division of Corporations. See NYS Department of State,

Division of Corporations, Entity Information,

http://www.dos.ny.gov/corps/bus_entity_search.html (last visited February 29,

2016). The Association describes itself as an “independent non‐profit

organization that advocates for a more humane and effective criminal justice

system.” Correctional Association of New York, “Who We Are,”

http://www.correctionalassociation.org/about‐us/mission‐history (last visited

February 29, 2016).

The Report found a “widespread sense of fear and intimidation among

inmates” and that corrections officers at Attica abused inmates by, among other

things, refusing to let inmates out of their cells at mealtimes and physically

assaulting them. Joint App’x at 75, 79. The Report further states that “[i]nmates

said that prisoners who make complaints about abuse or file grievances are

retaliated against by staff and many are too intimidated to even raise allegations

of abuse.” Id. at 79. Although generally critical of the facility, the Report also

contained positive information about the Attica Correctional Facility including

that many inmates were “generally satisfied with their [mental health] treatment,

and the staff and inmates who work there [were] understanding and sensitive to

the needs of inmates with mental illness.” Id. at 76.

Members of the Association gathered the underlying information in the

Report by distributing anonymous questionnaires to inmates, interviewing

guards, and observing the facility firsthand. The Report is fourteen pages long

and contains summaries of the information collected by the investigators but

does not contain the underlying data upon which the Report relies. The authors

of the Report—who are nowhere identified—note that “[d]uring [the] visit we

could not adequately investigate the amount and severity of the abuse or

evaluate the factors that contribute to the problems between inmates and staff.”

Id. at 79.

II. PROCEDURAL HISTORY

Abascal, proceeding pro se, brought suit under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 alleging,

among other things, that while he was incarcerated at Attica Correctional

Facility, defendant corrections officers Dennis Fleckenstein and Chester

Kosmowski subjected him to cruel and unusual punishment by depriving him of

meals and defendant Fleckenstein physically assaulted him in violation of his

Eighth Amendment rights. Abascal sought declaratory relief, compensatory

damages, and punitive damages.

Before trial, defendants objected to the Report’s admission into evidence.

The magistrate judge initially admitted the Report under the public records

exception to the rule against hearsay. The court mistakenly classified the

Association as a state agency of the State of New York. A few days after the

decision, the defendants moved for reconsideration on the grounds that the

Association was a public advocacy group and not a state actor. In response to

that motion, the district court altered its rationale for admitting the Report and

ultimately admitted the Report under the business records exception.

At trial, the jury found that both defendants had violated Abascal’s

constitutional right to nutritionally adequate food and awarded Abascal $1 in

nominal damages and $150,000 in punitive damages ($75,000 per defendant). The

jury did not find Fleckenstein liable for use of excessive force. The district court

denied defendants’ motion for a new trial. On appeal, defendants argue that the

district court’s admission of the Report constitutes reversible error that warrants

a new trial.

III. DISCUSSION

a. Standard of Review

We review for abuse of discretion the admission of evidence. United States

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Cameron v. City of New York
598 F.3d 50 (Second Circuit, 2010)
Potamkin Cadillac Corp. v. B.R.I. Coverage Corp.
38 F.3d 627 (Second Circuit, 1994)
United States v. Richard T. Strother
49 F.3d 869 (Second Circuit, 1995)
United States v. Reyes
157 F.3d 949 (Second Circuit, 1998)
United States v. Patricia J. Ford
435 F.3d 204 (Second Circuit, 2006)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
Abascal v. Fleckenstein, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/abascal-v-fleckenstein-ca2-2016.