In the Missouri Court of Appeals Eastern District DIVISION ONE
AARON H. JOHNSON, ) No. ED100117 ) Appellant, ) Appeal from the Circuit Court ) of St. Louis County vs. ) ) Honorable Michael T. Jamison STATE OF MISSOURI, ) ) Respondent. ) FILED: April 15, 2014
Aaron Johnson ("Johnson") appeals from the motion court's order denying his
Rule 24.035 motion for post-conviction relief without an evidentiary hearing. Johnson
absconded after he claims the motion court erred and, therefore, we apply the escape rule
and dismiss his appeal on Point I. Because Johnson has failed to show that an actual
conflict of interest exists, Point II is denied and we affirm the motion court's denial of
post-conviction relief.
I. BACKGROUND
Johnson was charged in St. Louis County with robbery in the first degree, armed
criminal action, and tampering with a motor vehicle. On September 13, 2010, Johnson
entered an Alford 1 plea of guilty to all three counts. Sentencing was set for October 21,
1 In North Carolina v. Alford, 400 U.S. 25, 37-38 (1970), the U.S. Supreme Court recognized a defendant could choose to plead guilty to a charged offense and accept criminal penalty, although not admit actual guilt, when the record strongly supported a finding of guilt. 2010, but later continued to November 18, 2010. On that date, Johnson failed to appear
and a capias warrant was issued for his arrest. On August 17, 2011, the warrant was
executed and Johnson was taken into custody. On October 3, 2011, the court sentenced
Johnson to fifteen years on robbery in the first degree and five years for both armed
criminal action and tampering with a motor vehicle. All sentences were ordered to run
concurrently with each other for a total of fifteen years' imprisonment.
II. DISSCUSSION
A. The Escape Rule
In his first point on appeal, Johnson contends the motion court clearly erred in
denying his Rule 24.035 motion for post-conviction relief without an evidentiary hearing.
Johnson claims that his plea of guilty to one count of first-degree robbery was not
voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently made because his plea counsel ("Counsel")
assured him that he would enter a blind plea of guilty to the lesser charge of second-
degree robbery. Johnson claims he was denied his right to effective assistance of counsel
and due process of law as guaranteed by the Fifth, Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to
the United States Constitution and Article I, Sections 10 and 18(a) of the Missouri
Constitution.
"The escape rule is a judicially-created doctrine that operates to deny the right of
appeal to a criminal defendant who escapes justice." Crawley v. State, 155 S.W.3d 836,
837 (Mo. App. E.D. 2005). The escape rule is applicable in both appeals on the merits
and motions for post-conviction relief under Rules 29.15 and 24.035. Fogle v. State, 155
S.W.3d 63, 65 (Mo. App. E.D. 2003). In applying the escape rule, the relevant inquiry is
whether the escape adversely affected the criminal justice system. State v. Troupe, 891
2 S.W.2d 808, 811 (Mo. banc 1995). If it is determined the escape has produced or created
adverse effects upon our criminal justice system, dismissal of the appeal is appropriate.
Nichols v. State, 131 S.W.3d 863, 865 (Mo. App. E.D. 2004). Determining whether to
apply the escape rule is left to the sound discretion of the appellate court. Troupe, 891
S.W.2d at 811. The escape rule only applies to errors that occurred prior to and up to the
time of escape. Nichols, 131 S.W.3d at 865.
Johnson claims his guilty plea was not made knowingly, voluntarily, and
intelligently due to ineffective assistance of counsel. The plea was entered prior to
Johnson absconding. Because the alleged error occurred before the appellant absconded;
the escape rule applies at the discretion of the Court.
There is no threshold amount of time an appellant must have escaped justice
before dismissal is allowed under the escape rule. Pradt v. State, 219 S.W.3d 858, 862
(Mo. App. S.D. 2007) (quoting Holmes v. State, 92 S.W.3d 193, 196 (Mo. App. W.D.
2005). The relevant inquiry in determining whether to apply the escape rule is deciding
whether the escape adversely affected the criminal justice system. Pradt, 219 S.W.3d at
862 (quoting Smith v. State, 174 S.W.3d 74, 75 (Mo. App. E.D. 2005). In the exercise of
this Court's sound discretion we conclude that the appellant adversely affected the criminal
justice system and his appeal on Point I is dismissed.
Johnson comes before this Court seeking vindication for his due process rights.
However, when Johnson absconded prior to his sentencing hearing, he showed his
disregard for the trial court and the criminal justice system. Johnson thwarted the usual
orderly process by his extended absence and has succeeded in delaying his sentencing, and
his appeal, by almost nine months. By absconding, Johnson shows contempt for the very
3 process he now seeks to utilize. "[T]hose who seek protection from the legal system in the
form of post-conviction relief must be willing to abide by all the rules and decisions of that
legal system." Parsons, 383 S.W.3d at 74 (quoting Harvey v. State, 150 S.W.3d 128, 130
(Mo. App. E.D. 2004).
By absconding, Johnson placed a considerable burden of expense and effort on
the government and the appellate court is required to divert its attention from the merits of
the appeal to concentrate on extraneous matters. State v. Kearns, 743 S.W.2d 553, 554-55
(Mo. App. S.D. 1987). If we were to remand for a new trial, the long hiatus and delay
would present almost certain prejudice to the state. Id. at 554.
Johnson's appeal as to Point I is dismissed.
B. Conflict of Interest
On his second point, Johnson argues that the motion court clearly erred in denying
his Rule 24.035 post-conviction relief without an evidentiary hearing. Johnson claims his
sentencing counsel, Counsel, had an actual conflict of interest thereby yielding ineffective
assistance of counsel, in violation of the Fifth, Sixth, and Fourteenth Amendments to the
United States Constitution and Article I, Sections 10 and 18(a) of the Missouri
Our review of denial of a post-conviction relief motion under Rule 24.035 is
limited to a determination of whether the motion court's findings of fact and conclusions of
law are clearly erroneous. Conger v. State, 398 S.W.3d 915, 918 (Mo. App. E.D. 2013).
As the motion court's findings and conclusions are presumed correct, they will be deemed
clearly erroneous only if, upon a review of the record, the appellate court is left with a
definite and firm impression that a mistake has been made. Id. The movant bears the
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
In the Missouri Court of Appeals Eastern District DIVISION ONE
AARON H. JOHNSON, ) No. ED100117 ) Appellant, ) Appeal from the Circuit Court ) of St. Louis County vs. ) ) Honorable Michael T. Jamison STATE OF MISSOURI, ) ) Respondent. ) FILED: April 15, 2014
Aaron Johnson ("Johnson") appeals from the motion court's order denying his
Rule 24.035 motion for post-conviction relief without an evidentiary hearing. Johnson
absconded after he claims the motion court erred and, therefore, we apply the escape rule
and dismiss his appeal on Point I. Because Johnson has failed to show that an actual
conflict of interest exists, Point II is denied and we affirm the motion court's denial of
post-conviction relief.
I. BACKGROUND
Johnson was charged in St. Louis County with robbery in the first degree, armed
criminal action, and tampering with a motor vehicle. On September 13, 2010, Johnson
entered an Alford 1 plea of guilty to all three counts. Sentencing was set for October 21,
1 In North Carolina v. Alford, 400 U.S. 25, 37-38 (1970), the U.S. Supreme Court recognized a defendant could choose to plead guilty to a charged offense and accept criminal penalty, although not admit actual guilt, when the record strongly supported a finding of guilt. 2010, but later continued to November 18, 2010. On that date, Johnson failed to appear
and a capias warrant was issued for his arrest. On August 17, 2011, the warrant was
executed and Johnson was taken into custody. On October 3, 2011, the court sentenced
Johnson to fifteen years on robbery in the first degree and five years for both armed
criminal action and tampering with a motor vehicle. All sentences were ordered to run
concurrently with each other for a total of fifteen years' imprisonment.
II. DISSCUSSION
A. The Escape Rule
In his first point on appeal, Johnson contends the motion court clearly erred in
denying his Rule 24.035 motion for post-conviction relief without an evidentiary hearing.
Johnson claims that his plea of guilty to one count of first-degree robbery was not
voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently made because his plea counsel ("Counsel")
assured him that he would enter a blind plea of guilty to the lesser charge of second-
degree robbery. Johnson claims he was denied his right to effective assistance of counsel
and due process of law as guaranteed by the Fifth, Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to
the United States Constitution and Article I, Sections 10 and 18(a) of the Missouri
Constitution.
"The escape rule is a judicially-created doctrine that operates to deny the right of
appeal to a criminal defendant who escapes justice." Crawley v. State, 155 S.W.3d 836,
837 (Mo. App. E.D. 2005). The escape rule is applicable in both appeals on the merits
and motions for post-conviction relief under Rules 29.15 and 24.035. Fogle v. State, 155
S.W.3d 63, 65 (Mo. App. E.D. 2003). In applying the escape rule, the relevant inquiry is
whether the escape adversely affected the criminal justice system. State v. Troupe, 891
2 S.W.2d 808, 811 (Mo. banc 1995). If it is determined the escape has produced or created
adverse effects upon our criminal justice system, dismissal of the appeal is appropriate.
Nichols v. State, 131 S.W.3d 863, 865 (Mo. App. E.D. 2004). Determining whether to
apply the escape rule is left to the sound discretion of the appellate court. Troupe, 891
S.W.2d at 811. The escape rule only applies to errors that occurred prior to and up to the
time of escape. Nichols, 131 S.W.3d at 865.
Johnson claims his guilty plea was not made knowingly, voluntarily, and
intelligently due to ineffective assistance of counsel. The plea was entered prior to
Johnson absconding. Because the alleged error occurred before the appellant absconded;
the escape rule applies at the discretion of the Court.
There is no threshold amount of time an appellant must have escaped justice
before dismissal is allowed under the escape rule. Pradt v. State, 219 S.W.3d 858, 862
(Mo. App. S.D. 2007) (quoting Holmes v. State, 92 S.W.3d 193, 196 (Mo. App. W.D.
2005). The relevant inquiry in determining whether to apply the escape rule is deciding
whether the escape adversely affected the criminal justice system. Pradt, 219 S.W.3d at
862 (quoting Smith v. State, 174 S.W.3d 74, 75 (Mo. App. E.D. 2005). In the exercise of
this Court's sound discretion we conclude that the appellant adversely affected the criminal
justice system and his appeal on Point I is dismissed.
Johnson comes before this Court seeking vindication for his due process rights.
However, when Johnson absconded prior to his sentencing hearing, he showed his
disregard for the trial court and the criminal justice system. Johnson thwarted the usual
orderly process by his extended absence and has succeeded in delaying his sentencing, and
his appeal, by almost nine months. By absconding, Johnson shows contempt for the very
3 process he now seeks to utilize. "[T]hose who seek protection from the legal system in the
form of post-conviction relief must be willing to abide by all the rules and decisions of that
legal system." Parsons, 383 S.W.3d at 74 (quoting Harvey v. State, 150 S.W.3d 128, 130
(Mo. App. E.D. 2004).
By absconding, Johnson placed a considerable burden of expense and effort on
the government and the appellate court is required to divert its attention from the merits of
the appeal to concentrate on extraneous matters. State v. Kearns, 743 S.W.2d 553, 554-55
(Mo. App. S.D. 1987). If we were to remand for a new trial, the long hiatus and delay
would present almost certain prejudice to the state. Id. at 554.
Johnson's appeal as to Point I is dismissed.
B. Conflict of Interest
On his second point, Johnson argues that the motion court clearly erred in denying
his Rule 24.035 post-conviction relief without an evidentiary hearing. Johnson claims his
sentencing counsel, Counsel, had an actual conflict of interest thereby yielding ineffective
assistance of counsel, in violation of the Fifth, Sixth, and Fourteenth Amendments to the
United States Constitution and Article I, Sections 10 and 18(a) of the Missouri
Our review of denial of a post-conviction relief motion under Rule 24.035 is
limited to a determination of whether the motion court's findings of fact and conclusions of
law are clearly erroneous. Conger v. State, 398 S.W.3d 915, 918 (Mo. App. E.D. 2013).
As the motion court's findings and conclusions are presumed correct, they will be deemed
clearly erroneous only if, upon a review of the record, the appellate court is left with a
definite and firm impression that a mistake has been made. Id. The movant bears the
4 burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that the motion court clearly erred in
its ruling. Id at 919.
To show he was entitled to an evidentiary hearing on his Rule 24.035 motion,
Johnson must show that (1) he alleged facts, not conclusions, warranting relief; (2) the facts
alleged raise matters not refuted by the files and record of his case; and (3) the matters
complained of resulted in prejudice to him. Roberts v. State, 276 S.W.3d 833, 835 (Mo.
banc 2009). To prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel where a movant has
pleaded guilty, a movant must show his counsel's representation fell below an objective
standard of reasonableness and that, as a result, he was prejudiced. Dobbs v. State, 284
S.W.3d 201, 205 (Mo. App. S.D. 2009).
To prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel based on counsel's
conflict of interest, the movant must show that an actual conflict of interest adversely
affected counsel's performance. Conger, 398 S.W.3d at 919. For purposes of showing
ineffective assistance of counsel, prejudice is presumed when counsel is burdened by an
actual conflict of interest. Wright v. State, 743 S.W.2d 571, 576 (Mo. App. S.D. 1987). To
prove an actual conflict of interest, something must have been done by counsel, or
something must have been forgone by counsel and lost to defendant, which was detrimental
to the interests of the defendant and advantageous to another. Id. The mere existence of a
possible conflict of interest does not automatically preclude effective representation. Id.
Johnson has failed to show that an actual conflict of interest existed between him
and his attorney. Furthermore, Johnson has failed to show that any action by Counsel was
detrimental to his interests and advantageous to another. Johnson first contends that an
actual conflict of interest existed at the time of his sentencing hearing when Counsel,
5 outside the courtroom, threatened to "knock [him] out in front of everybody". 2 The
statement itself by Counsel does not rise to the level of an actual conflict of interest. Other
than stating that Counsel made the threat to Johnson and there was a conflict that existed,
he does not indicate how the threat negatively impacted Counsel's representation. "[T]he
mere existence of a possible conflict of interest does not automatically preclude effective
representation." Helmig, 42 S.W.3d 658, 680 (Mo. App. E.D. 2001). As the sentencing
court correctly stated, "[The court] finds there is no probable cause to believe the
Defendant has received ineffective assistance of counsel." 3
Second, Johnson argues that the actual conflict of interest began at his plea
hearing prior to his escape from custody. Johnson claims he no longer trusted Counsel
because he convinced him to plead guilty after promising him that he would plead guilty to
a lesser offense. The plea hearing occurred before Johnson absconded and therefore, for
the reasons stated earlier, the escape rule applies and we dismiss this argument. Johnson
also claims that a conflict of interest arose when he asked for Counsel to withdraw and
Counsel refused to do so. The sentencing record indicates that Counsel asked the court to
allow him to withdraw as counsel for Johnson. He also asked the sentencing court to
continue the sentencing hearing to a later date. The court denied both of Counsel's
requests.
Finally, Counsel asked the sentencing court to sentence Johnson to the minimum
of ten years on robbery in the first degree and three years on the armed criminal action.
The court sentenced Johnson to fifteen years for robbery in the first degree, five years for
armed criminal action, and five years for tampering in the first degree. All three sentences
2 L.F. 42 3 L.F. 43
6 would run concurrently, totaling fifteen years. Johnson claims that Counsel's lack of basis
for his sentencing recommendation of ten years equates to ineffective assistance of counsel
and resulted in a less than favorable sentence.
Counsel rationalized his recommended sentence of ten years by the fact that
Johnson had been indicted by the federal government. Johnson claims that Counsel
implied to the court that, "[I]t did not matter what sentence the court gave Mr. Johnson
because the federal court would most likely run the future federal sentence consecutively." 4
This interpretation seems unlikely. Counsel seemed to be advocating for a lighter sentence
by explaining to the court that Johnson would likely be facing more charges, and an
additional sentence, in federal court.
At Johnson's plea hearing before he absconded, the State of Missouri ("State")
recommended that he be sentenced to a total of fifteen years for the three counts, to be
served concurrently. The court then set a date for sentencing and strongly cautioned
Johnson that he stay out of any kind of trouble before his sentencing hearing:
"You've entered a blind plea, so all I can do is caution you, Mr. Johnson, that it's imperative that you stay out of any kind of difficulty between now and [your sentencing hearing]. And it's also imperative that you be back and present yourself back here [for sentencing]. Because if either of those things would happen, you don't show up or get yourself in some other difficulty, I've got the entire range of punishment to consider in assessing punishment; do you understand that?"
Johnson acknowledged that he understood. He then absconded from the State and was not
apprehended until almost nine months later. Nothing done or forgone by Counsel
constitutes ineffective assistance of counsel or an actual conflict of interest. Despite
absconding, Johnson received the same concurrent sentence of fifteen years that the State
4 Appellant's brief pg. 32.
7 recommended prior to his escape. Thus, no conflict of interest existed to rise to the level of
ineffective assistance of counsel and the motion court's decision is affirmed.
III. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, Point I on appeal is dismissed and Point II is denied.
The motion court's decision denying post-conviction relief is affirmed.
____________________________________ Roy L. Richter, Presiding Judge Clifford H. Ahrens, J., concurs Glenn A. Norton, J., concurs