In the United States Court of Federal Claims No. 17-835C (Filed: June 24, 2019) NOT FOR PUBLICATION
) A SQUARED JOINT VENTURE, ) ) Plaintiff, ) Motion to Dismiss; RCFC 12(b)(1); ) Bid Protest; Bid Cancellation; v. ) Mootness; Ripeness. ) THE UNITED STATES, ) ) Defendant. ) )
ORDER GRANTING-IN-PART AND DENYING-IN-PART DEFENDANT’S MOTION TO DIMISS
Pending before the court is the motion of the United States to dismiss the first,
second, third, fifth, seventh, eighth, and ninth prayers for relief (and related allegations)
in plaintiff A Squared Joint Venture’s (“A2JV”) third amended complaint (ECF No. 130).
At issue in this case are the actions taken by the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (“NASA”) to procure a follow-on Acquisition and Business Support
Services (“ABSS2”) contract for the Marshall Space Flight Center (“MSFC”). See
Compl. at ¶ 1 (ECF No. 1). A2JV originally filed this action on June 20, 2017, alleging
that NASA’s decision to disqualify A2JV’s proposal from the ABSS2 competition for
potential significant organizational conflicts of interest (“OCI”) was arbitrary, capricious,
an abuse of discretion, and not in accordance with the law. Id. After protracted litigation,
this court determined that NASA’s decision to reject A2JV’s bid was arbitrary and capricious because it was done without “hard facts” of potential significant OCI, and the
court instructed the parties to submit briefing on the propriety and scope of injunctive
relief. Dec. 21, 2018 Order at 12-13 (ECF No. 113).
Before the parties had an opportunity to submit briefing on the propriety of
injunctive relief, the government filed a status report on February 26, 2019 in which it
informed the court that NASA had decided to cancel the ABSS2 procurement. Def.’s
Status Report at 1-2 (ECF No. 120). On March 12, 2019, NASA notified the ABSS2
offerors within the competitive range of the cancellation decision. Def.’s Mot. to
Dismiss, Ex.1 (ECF No. 131-1).
In a March 26, 2019 joint status report, A2JV informed the court that it “intends to
challenge NASA’s decision to cancel the ABSS2 procurement as arbitrary, capricious
and contrary to law and propose[d] that the Court allow it to do so in this proceeding.”
Joint Status Report at 1, ¶ 4 (ECF No. 125). Thereafter, A2JV filed a motion for leave to
amend its complaint (ECF No. 127), which was granted on April 10, 2019 (ECF No.
129).
On April 15, 2019, A2JV filed its third amended complaint. See 3rd Am. Compl.
In its third amended complaint, A2JV retains the allegations and seeks relief for the same
claims that were part of its original protest together with new allegations and claims for
relief related to NASA’s decision to cancel the ABSS2 competition. See generally id. The
third amended complaint also challenges the possible actions NASA is considering once
the incumbent contract ends. See id. at ¶¶ 95-98. A2JV asks the court to declare
NASA’s cancellation decision to be arbitrary and capricious, id. at ¶¶ 127(b), (c), and it
2 urges the court to enjoin NASA from obtaining the services sought by the ABSS2
procurement through other contracting vehicles and to allow A2JV to participate in a
reinstated ABSS2 procurement.
The government argues that A2JV’s prayers for relief regarding the cancelled
ABSS2 procurement, set forth in the first, second, third, fifth, eighth, and ninth prayers
for relief are moot and must dismissed.1 The government also seeks dismissal of A2JV’s
seventh prayer for relief regarding NASA’s anticipated post-cancellation actions on the
grounds that the claim is not ripe.
For the reasons discussed below the court finds that the government’s motion to
dismiss various claims for relief of the complaint based on mootness is GRANTED-IN-
PART AND DENIED-IN-PART. In addition, because A2JV clarified, at oral argument
on the government’s motion, that it is not seeking review of NASA’s anticipated actions
but is only seeking review of NASA’s cancellation decision. A2JV apparently does not
now dispute that NASA’s contemplated future action is not ripe and therefore this
portion of the government’s motion is also GRANTED.
1 Specifically, the government seeks to dismiss A2JV’s claim for a declaration that (1) Contracting Officer (“CO”) Helton’s decision to disqualify A2JV from consideration for the ABSS2 contract was arbitrary and capricious, (2) the Willford statement confirming that A2JV had potential significant OCI was issued in bad faith or in the alternative was arbitrary and capricious, (3) A2JV should not be precluded from having its proposal for ABSS2 services considered a qualified response to the Request for Proposal for the ABSS2 contract, (4) NASA’s decision to forego a competitive procurement rather than finalize an award for the ABSS2 contract was arbitrary and capricious or contrary to law, and (5) NASA must obtain the services sought through the ABSS2 procurement through competition. The government also seeks to dismiss A2JV’s claims for injunctive relief seeking reinstatement of the ABSS2 procurement and A2JV’s bid and for A2JV’s bid to be considered on equal footing with other qualified bids.
3 I. STANDARD OF REVIEW
In considering a motion to dismiss pursuant to Rule 12(b)(1) of the Rules of the
United States Court of Federal Claims (“RCFC”), the court “generally assumes that the
allegations in the complaint are true and construes those allegations in the plaintiff’s
favor.” Dynanet Corp. v. United States, 139 Fed. Cl. 579, 585 (2018). But “[t]he
plaintiff bears the burden of proving, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the court
possesses subject matter jurisdiction.” Id. (citing Trusted Integration, Inc. v. United
States, 659 F.3d 1159, 1163 (Fed. Cir. 2011)). If a defendant challenges the court’s
jurisdiction in a motion to dismiss under RCFC 12(b)(1), “the plaintiff must support
[jurisdictional facts] by competent proof.” Id. (quoting McNutt v. Gen. Motors
Acceptance Corp., 298 U.S. 178, 189 (1936)).
II. DISCUSSION
In its third amended complaint A2JV has retained its initial allegations regarding
NASA’s decision to disqualify A2JV from the now-cancelled ABSS2 procurement. See,
e.g., 3rd Am. Compl. at ¶¶ 43-67, 79-88. Based on these allegations, A2JV asks this
court to declare that the disqualification of its proposal was arbitrary and capricious and
not in accordance with law and that NASA may not eliminate A2JV from consideration
in the ABSS2 competition. Id. at 31-32 (A2JV’s first, second, third, eighth, and ninth
prayers for relief). The government argues, as noted above, that because the ABSS2
procurement has been cancelled, A2JV’s claims regarding the ABSS2 procurement must
be dismissed as moot.
4 It is well-settled that “[i]n addition to establishing that the court possesses
jurisdiction over a bid protest dispute, a plaintiff [in a bid protest case] must also meet the
Article III justiciability requirements.” Square One Armoring Serv., Inc. v. United States,
123 Fed. Cl. 309, 320-21 (2015). When a case becomes moot and is no longer justiciable,
the court will dismiss it pursuant to RCFC 12(b)(1) for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction.
See B & B Med. Servs., Inc. v. United States, 114 Fed. Cl. 658, 662 (2014) (“When a
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In the United States Court of Federal Claims No. 17-835C (Filed: June 24, 2019) NOT FOR PUBLICATION
) A SQUARED JOINT VENTURE, ) ) Plaintiff, ) Motion to Dismiss; RCFC 12(b)(1); ) Bid Protest; Bid Cancellation; v. ) Mootness; Ripeness. ) THE UNITED STATES, ) ) Defendant. ) )
ORDER GRANTING-IN-PART AND DENYING-IN-PART DEFENDANT’S MOTION TO DIMISS
Pending before the court is the motion of the United States to dismiss the first,
second, third, fifth, seventh, eighth, and ninth prayers for relief (and related allegations)
in plaintiff A Squared Joint Venture’s (“A2JV”) third amended complaint (ECF No. 130).
At issue in this case are the actions taken by the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (“NASA”) to procure a follow-on Acquisition and Business Support
Services (“ABSS2”) contract for the Marshall Space Flight Center (“MSFC”). See
Compl. at ¶ 1 (ECF No. 1). A2JV originally filed this action on June 20, 2017, alleging
that NASA’s decision to disqualify A2JV’s proposal from the ABSS2 competition for
potential significant organizational conflicts of interest (“OCI”) was arbitrary, capricious,
an abuse of discretion, and not in accordance with the law. Id. After protracted litigation,
this court determined that NASA’s decision to reject A2JV’s bid was arbitrary and capricious because it was done without “hard facts” of potential significant OCI, and the
court instructed the parties to submit briefing on the propriety and scope of injunctive
relief. Dec. 21, 2018 Order at 12-13 (ECF No. 113).
Before the parties had an opportunity to submit briefing on the propriety of
injunctive relief, the government filed a status report on February 26, 2019 in which it
informed the court that NASA had decided to cancel the ABSS2 procurement. Def.’s
Status Report at 1-2 (ECF No. 120). On March 12, 2019, NASA notified the ABSS2
offerors within the competitive range of the cancellation decision. Def.’s Mot. to
Dismiss, Ex.1 (ECF No. 131-1).
In a March 26, 2019 joint status report, A2JV informed the court that it “intends to
challenge NASA’s decision to cancel the ABSS2 procurement as arbitrary, capricious
and contrary to law and propose[d] that the Court allow it to do so in this proceeding.”
Joint Status Report at 1, ¶ 4 (ECF No. 125). Thereafter, A2JV filed a motion for leave to
amend its complaint (ECF No. 127), which was granted on April 10, 2019 (ECF No.
129).
On April 15, 2019, A2JV filed its third amended complaint. See 3rd Am. Compl.
In its third amended complaint, A2JV retains the allegations and seeks relief for the same
claims that were part of its original protest together with new allegations and claims for
relief related to NASA’s decision to cancel the ABSS2 competition. See generally id. The
third amended complaint also challenges the possible actions NASA is considering once
the incumbent contract ends. See id. at ¶¶ 95-98. A2JV asks the court to declare
NASA’s cancellation decision to be arbitrary and capricious, id. at ¶¶ 127(b), (c), and it
2 urges the court to enjoin NASA from obtaining the services sought by the ABSS2
procurement through other contracting vehicles and to allow A2JV to participate in a
reinstated ABSS2 procurement.
The government argues that A2JV’s prayers for relief regarding the cancelled
ABSS2 procurement, set forth in the first, second, third, fifth, eighth, and ninth prayers
for relief are moot and must dismissed.1 The government also seeks dismissal of A2JV’s
seventh prayer for relief regarding NASA’s anticipated post-cancellation actions on the
grounds that the claim is not ripe.
For the reasons discussed below the court finds that the government’s motion to
dismiss various claims for relief of the complaint based on mootness is GRANTED-IN-
PART AND DENIED-IN-PART. In addition, because A2JV clarified, at oral argument
on the government’s motion, that it is not seeking review of NASA’s anticipated actions
but is only seeking review of NASA’s cancellation decision. A2JV apparently does not
now dispute that NASA’s contemplated future action is not ripe and therefore this
portion of the government’s motion is also GRANTED.
1 Specifically, the government seeks to dismiss A2JV’s claim for a declaration that (1) Contracting Officer (“CO”) Helton’s decision to disqualify A2JV from consideration for the ABSS2 contract was arbitrary and capricious, (2) the Willford statement confirming that A2JV had potential significant OCI was issued in bad faith or in the alternative was arbitrary and capricious, (3) A2JV should not be precluded from having its proposal for ABSS2 services considered a qualified response to the Request for Proposal for the ABSS2 contract, (4) NASA’s decision to forego a competitive procurement rather than finalize an award for the ABSS2 contract was arbitrary and capricious or contrary to law, and (5) NASA must obtain the services sought through the ABSS2 procurement through competition. The government also seeks to dismiss A2JV’s claims for injunctive relief seeking reinstatement of the ABSS2 procurement and A2JV’s bid and for A2JV’s bid to be considered on equal footing with other qualified bids.
3 I. STANDARD OF REVIEW
In considering a motion to dismiss pursuant to Rule 12(b)(1) of the Rules of the
United States Court of Federal Claims (“RCFC”), the court “generally assumes that the
allegations in the complaint are true and construes those allegations in the plaintiff’s
favor.” Dynanet Corp. v. United States, 139 Fed. Cl. 579, 585 (2018). But “[t]he
plaintiff bears the burden of proving, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the court
possesses subject matter jurisdiction.” Id. (citing Trusted Integration, Inc. v. United
States, 659 F.3d 1159, 1163 (Fed. Cir. 2011)). If a defendant challenges the court’s
jurisdiction in a motion to dismiss under RCFC 12(b)(1), “the plaintiff must support
[jurisdictional facts] by competent proof.” Id. (quoting McNutt v. Gen. Motors
Acceptance Corp., 298 U.S. 178, 189 (1936)).
II. DISCUSSION
In its third amended complaint A2JV has retained its initial allegations regarding
NASA’s decision to disqualify A2JV from the now-cancelled ABSS2 procurement. See,
e.g., 3rd Am. Compl. at ¶¶ 43-67, 79-88. Based on these allegations, A2JV asks this
court to declare that the disqualification of its proposal was arbitrary and capricious and
not in accordance with law and that NASA may not eliminate A2JV from consideration
in the ABSS2 competition. Id. at 31-32 (A2JV’s first, second, third, eighth, and ninth
prayers for relief). The government argues, as noted above, that because the ABSS2
procurement has been cancelled, A2JV’s claims regarding the ABSS2 procurement must
be dismissed as moot.
4 It is well-settled that “[i]n addition to establishing that the court possesses
jurisdiction over a bid protest dispute, a plaintiff [in a bid protest case] must also meet the
Article III justiciability requirements.” Square One Armoring Serv., Inc. v. United States,
123 Fed. Cl. 309, 320-21 (2015). When a case becomes moot and is no longer justiciable,
the court will dismiss it pursuant to RCFC 12(b)(1) for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction.
See B & B Med. Servs., Inc. v. United States, 114 Fed. Cl. 658, 662 (2014) (“When a
matter becomes moot, we lose subject-matter jurisdiction over it, and dismissal under
RCFC 12(b)(1) is in order.”); CBY Design Builders v. United States, 105 Fed. Cl. 303,
328 (2012) (“The mootness of a case is properly the subject of an RCFC 12(b)(1)
motion.”); Harris Patriot Healthcare Sols., LLC v. United States, 95 Fed. Cl. 585, 597
(2010). “A case is moot when the issues presented are no longer ‘live’ or the parties lack
a legally cognizable interest in the outcome.” Coastal Envtl. Grp., Inc. v. United States,
114 Fed. Cl. 124, 129 (2013) (citing Powell v. McCormack, 395 U.S. 486, 496 (1969)).
In this connection, “a case becomes moot when it is unreasonable to expect that the
alleged violation will recur, and interim relief or events have completely and irrevocably
eradicated the effects of the alleged violation.” Square One Armoring, 123 Fed. Cl. at
324 (citing Los Angeles Cnty. v. Davis, 440 U.S. 625, 631 (1979)) (internal formatting
omitted). “[W]here a defendant’s actions have eliminated the possibility of meaningful
relief, the case ordinarily should be dismissed as moot.” Id. The United States Court of
Appeals for the Federal Circuit in Veterans Contracting Grp., Inc. v. United States, 743
F. App’x 439 (Fed. Cir. 2018) (unpublished), recently dismissed an appeal in a bid
5 protest case as moot because the government had terminated the contract at issue. Id. at
440 (citing Coastal Envtl. Grp., 114 Fed. Cl. at 131).
Recognizing that the court has previously ruled in favor of A2JV regarding
NASA’s arbitrary and capricious decision to disqualify A2JV from consideration for the
ABSS2 procurement, the government argues that the “law of the case” ensures that the
declarations A2JV seeks in its third amended complaint are unnecessary. With regard to
A2JV’s injunctive relief claims, the government contends that now that the ABSS2
procurement has been cancelled A2JV’s claims to be considered for award under that
procurement must be dismissed as moot. The government contends that if the court were
to reinstate the ABSS2 procurement, A2JV could seek to refile its prayers for relief
regarding a reinstated ABSS2 procurement, but until then the claims must be dismissed
as moot.
A2JV, in response, argues that its allegations regarding NASA’s actions in
disqualifying A2JV and its claim for declaratory relief are not moot because these
allegations are the predicate for its claim for bid preparation costs and are relevant in
deciding the merits of NASA’s cancellation decision. Regarding injunctive relief in
connection with reinstatement of the ABSS2 contract, A2JV in its opposition to
dismissal, asks the court not to dismiss but argues in the alternative, that if the claims are
dismissed that they be dismissed without prejudice so that A2JV can reinstate the claims
if it prevails on its challenge to the cancellation decision.
After considering the parties’ arguments the court finds that A2JV’s claims for
declaratory relief regarding the cancelled procurement are not moot because A2JV still
6 has a claim for bid preparation costs and although the court’s earlier ruling is essentially
the “law of the case,” it is still potentially subject to re-evaluation before a final
judgment. Thus, until a final judgment is issued on the bid preparation costs and
injunctive relief, plaintiffs’ first and second prayers for relief are not moot. Put another
way, the cancellation has not “completely and irrevocably eradicated the effects” of
NASA’s disqualification decision. The declaratory claims for relief in the first and
second prayer for relief are still before the court. The court also reads the fifth prayer for
relief as relating to the cancellation decision which is before the court and thus the
request for declaratory relief in paragraph five is not moot. See, Square One Armoring,
123 Fed. Cl. at 324.
The court agrees with the government that the third claim for declaratory relief
regarding the ABSS2 contract is now moot. Specifically, a declaration regarding A2JV’s
right to submit a proposal for the cancelled ABSS2 contract is not properly before the
court now that the procurement has been cancelled.
With regard to A2JV’s prayers for injunctive relief, the court finds that paragraph
seven is not ripe, as discussed above. However, the court understands that A2JV now
agrees it should read this request as only a challenge to the cancellation decision and in
dismissing the request for relief as not ripe, the court is not precluding A2JV from
arguing that the cancellation decision is not otherwise supported.
Regarding the eighth and ninth prayers for relief, the request for an injunction to
reinstate the ABSS2 procurement and A2JV’s proposal, and the request for a new source
selection process, the court agrees with A2JV’s proposal in the alternative to dismiss
7 these requests for relief as moot but without prejudice. A2JV will be able to refile these
requests for relief should the court find that cancellation of the ABSS2 contract is not
supported and must be reinstated.
CONCLUSION
For the reasons discussed above, the government’s motion to dismiss is
GRANTED-IN-PART AND DENIED-IN-PART. The parties shall file a joint status
report by Friday July 12, 2019 proposing next steps for resolving the outstanding issues
regarding the ABSS2 cancellation.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
s/Nancy B. Firestone NANCY B. FIRESTONE Senior Judge