A. E. v. J. I. E.

179 Misc. 2d 663, 686 N.Y.S.2d 613, 1999 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 27
CourtNew York Supreme Court
DecidedJanuary 15, 1999
StatusPublished
Cited by12 cases

This text of 179 Misc. 2d 663 (A. E. v. J. I. E.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New York Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
A. E. v. J. I. E., 179 Misc. 2d 663, 686 N.Y.S.2d 613, 1999 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 27 (N.Y. Super. Ct. 1999).

Opinion

OPINION OF THE COURT

Judith J. Gische, J.

This motion raises the novel issue of the impact, if any, an adoptive subsidy has on determining a parent’s child support obligation. Defendant seeks temporary child support for the parties’ adopted special needs child who, the parties concede, remains in defendant’s custody. Plaintiff claims that an adoptive subsidy paid by the Department of Social Services on behalf of the child should reduce the amount of child support she should be required to pay.

Background

The parties were married in 1972. Plaintiff owns an automobile driving school and defendant is a high school teacher. In 1994, the parties adopted J.N.E. (date of birth Jan. 20, 1986), a handicapped child who had previously been in foster care.

Currently, defendant has de facto custody of J.N.E. It is undisputed that plaintiff removed herself from the marital home, leaving the child and defendant behind. Plaintiff claims she fled because the child menaced and threatened her repeatedly. Defendant claims plaintiff had the child institutionalized on two separate occasions in order to rid herself of child-rearing [665]*665responsibilities. Regardless of the reason for the separation, defendant, as the de facto custodial parent, is entitled to interim support payments on the child’s behalf. (Domestic Relations Law § 240 [1]; De Arakie v De Arakie, 169 AD2d 660 [1st Dept 1991].)

Interim Child Support

At the time of the adoption, the New York State Department of Social Services entered into a contract with the parties whereby the local Department of Social Services (DSS) agreed to provide “support and care to the proposed adoptive parents on behalf of said child” pursuant to article 6, title 9 of the Social Services Law. The adoptive subsidy is a quid pro quo to the adoptive parents on behalf of a “handicapped or hard to place” child. (Social Services Law § 453 [1] [a].) The financial circumstances of the parents are considered only to determine the amount of the payments to be made.

J.N.E., diagnosed as hyperactive, having multiple eye problems, esotropia (cross-eyed) and other afflictions, is considered handicapped, as that term is defined in the Social Services Law. (Social Services Law § 451 [2].) The subsidy, currently $914.42 a month, is payable by DSS until the child reaches age 21. It is subject to increases: (1) as the District Board rate increases, (2) when the child grows older, (3) upon the family’s request, and (4) at the Commissioner’s discretion. It is undisputed that defendant currently receives the entire subsidy on the child’s behalf.

The issue presented is whether the plaintiff should be credited with any portion of the subsidy, thereby reducing her child support obligation. She argues that the subsidy should be treated as income to the parents. Since defendant is keeping the entire amount, plaintiff argues, her support obligation to the child is being met or should be reduced by the subsidy, because the subsidy is intended to cover all the child’s expenses, including clothing.

In Matter of Graby v Graby (87 NY2d 605, 611 [1996]), the Court of Appeals ruled that Social Security payments received by the child of a disabled, noncustodial parent cannot be included as income to that parent and credited against her support obligation. Rather such payments are treated as resources of the child, to be considered in determining whether the parent’s support obligation is unjust or inappropriate. (Supra, at 609.) The Court reasoned that the Child Support Standards Act (CSSA) sets forth a formula for calculating sup[666]*666port based on parental income and that the goal of the statute is to establish support awards within the parent’s means.

Although here, unlike Graby (supra), the adoptive subsidy is paid to the parents, and not the child, the reasoning of Graby still applies. DSS pays this subsidy for the care and maintenance of the child. J.N.E. is deemed to be a recipient of Aid to Families with Dependent Children. (Social Services Law § 453 [1] [b].) The fact that the actual check may be made payable to a parent does not change its character as a resource of the child and make it income to the parent.

The argument at bar, that the adoptive subsidy is a child’s resource, is even stronger than the argument adopted by the Court of Appeals with respect to Social Security benefits. In Graby (supra), the Court recognized that the Social Security benefits being paid to the child were intended to replace a disabled parent’s decreased earning potential. Here, the adoptive subsidy is a benefit for the child, and it is not a replacement for lost parental income. The Court in Graby noted that “benefits received by children under certain government welfare programs should not be considered income to the parent for purposes of calculating a parent’s means”. (Supra, at 611.) Specifically, a parent’s duty to support a child is not abrogated by a child’s receipt of public assistance. (Matter of Commissioner of Social Servs. [Wandel] v Segarra, 78 NY2d 220 [1991].)

Consistent with Graby (supra), the court must first calculate child support in accordance with CSSA guidelines and then determine whether the award is unjust or inappropriate by considering the 10 statutory factors contained in the guidelines. (Domestic Relations Law § 240 [1-b] [f].)

Although neither party supplies the court with independent proof of their income, such as an income tax form or paystub, defendant makes certain representations about their incomes to which plaintiff does not object. For purposes of this motion, gross combined parental income is $86,440.20, subject to applicable deductions under the CSSA. (Domestic Relations Law § 240 [1-b] [b] [5].) Plaintiff earns $55,780.20 a year whereas defendant earns $30,600. Plaintiff has not supplied a statement of net worth.

Interim child support is, therefore, calculated as follows:

Combined parental income $ 86,440

Less FICA/Medicare and local taxes $ 5,159

[667]*667Income upon which to calculate support $ 81,281

17% of income on which to calculate support $ 13,818

Combined weekly support obligation $ 266

Mother’s proportionate share — 65% $ 173

Mother’s weekly support obligation $ 173

The Child’s Resources and Income Over the “Cap”

The court now considers whether this award is unjust or inappropriate. Also, the court evaluates plaintiffs argument that support should not be calculated on income in excess of $80,000, the so-called “cap”. With respect to income over $80,000, the court has the option of either applying CSSA guidelines, or the 10 factors set forth in Domestic Relations Law § 240 (1-b) (f) or a combination of both. The court may also choose to entirely disregard the income over $80,000 if to allocate it would be “unjust or inappropriate”. (Domestic Relations Law § 240 [1-b] [f].) At bar, the parties exceed the cap by only $1,281. Disregarding this sum would result in a decreased support obligation by plaintiff of less than $3 a week. Given the negligible amount, the court sees no reason for any adjustment or why the CSSA guidelines should not be applied to these sums.

The more important issue is whether the court should reduce the award because of the child’s own resources.

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Bluebook (online)
179 Misc. 2d 663, 686 N.Y.S.2d 613, 1999 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 27, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/a-e-v-j-i-e-nysupct-1999.