(a)(1) No person shall construct, substantially alter, or operate any solid waste management facility without first obtaining certification from the Secretary for such facility, site, or activity, except for sludge or septage treatment or storage facilities located within the fenced area of a domestic wastewater treatment plant permitted under chapter 47 of this title. This exemption for sludge or septage treatment or storage facilities shall exist only if:
(A) the treatment facility does not use a process to reduce pathogens further in order to qualify for marketing and distribution; and
(B) the facility is not a drying bed, lagoon, or nonconcrete bunker; and
(C) the owner of the facility has submitted a sludge and septage management plan to the Secretary and the Secretary has approved the plan. Noncompliance with an approved sludge and septage management plan shall constitute a violation of the terms of this chapter, as well as a violation under chapters 201 and 211 of this title.
(2) Certification shall be valid for a period not to exceed 10 years.
(b) Certification for a solid waste management facility, where appropriate, shall:
(1) Specify the location of the facility, including limits on its development.
(2) Require proper operation and development of the facility in accordance with the engineering plans approved under the certificate.
(3)(A) Specify the projected amount and types of waste material to be disposed of at the facility, which, in case of landfills and incinerators, shall include the following:
(i) if the waste is being delivered from a municipality that has an approved implementation plan, hazardous materials and recyclables shall be removed from the waste according to the terms of that implementation plan;
(ii) except as provided in subdivision (B) of this subdivision (3), if the waste is being delivered from a municipality that does not have an approved implementation plan, leaf and yard residuals shall be removed from the waste stream, and 100 percent of each of the following shall be removed from the waste stream: mandated recyclables, hazardous waste from households, and hazardous waste from small quantity generators.
(B) If waste delivered to the facility is process residuals from a material recovery facility, the facility receiving the waste shall not be required to remove 100 percent of mandated recyclables from the process residuals if the facility receiving the waste has a plan approved by the Secretary to remove mandated recyclables from the process residuals to the maximum extent practicable.
(4) Specify the type and numbers of suitable pieces of equipment that will operate the facility properly.
(5) Contain provisions for air, groundwater, and surface water monitoring throughout the life of the facility and provisions for erosion control, capping, landscaping, drainage systems, and monitoring systems for leachate and gas control.
(6) Contain such additional conditions, requirements, and restrictions as the Secretary may deem necessary to preserve and protect the public health and the air, groundwater, and surface water quality. This may include requirements concerning reporting, recording, and inspections of the operation of the site.
(c) The Secretary shall not issue a certification for a new facility or renewal for an existing facility, except for a sludge or septage land application project, unless it is included in an implementation plan adopted pursuant to 24 V.S.A. § 2202a, for the area in which the facility is located.
(d) New landfills placed in operation after July 1987 shall be lined and shall collect and treat leachate. Except as provided in section 6614 of this title, or if, pursuant to information obtained through the pilot projects completed under subsection 6604(b) of this title or from other sources, the Secretary identifies particular waste components that will not be the source of leachate harmful to health or the environment, the Secretary may waive the requirements for liners in landfills or portions of landfills designated solely to receive these wastes. Solid waste shall be included among these waste components that will not be the source of harmful leachate, in situations where all of the following apply:
(1) material to be landfilled has been subjected to a hazardous waste collection, diversion, and inspection program that removes at least 90 percent of the hazardous and toxic waste, including that classified as hazardous household waste and including that generated by small quantity generators;
(2) material to be landfilled has had at least 90 percent of the compostable material and marketable recyclables removed by source separation or by a combination of source separation and mechanical separation;
(3) the municipality in which the landfill or any portion of the landfill exists has permission of the facility operator to monitor landfill operations during operating hours, by means of a person appointed or hired by town officials or elected by the voters of the municipality.
(e) Ash from waste incineration facilities shall be disposed of only in lined facilities, unless recycled in a manner approved by the Secretary.
(f) When an application for a certification is filed under this section, the Secretary shall proceed in accordance with chapter 170 of this title.
(g)(1) Notwithstanding any contrary provision of this section, the Secretary may authorize the land disposal or management of sludge or septage by an applicant at any certified site or facility with available capacity, provided the Secretary finds:
(A) that the applicant needs to dispose of accumulated sludge or septage promptly, and that delay would likely cause public health, or environmental damage, or nuisance conditions, or would result in excessive and unnecessary cost to the public, and that the applicant has lost authority to use previously certified sites through no act or omission of the applicant; and
(B) that at the certified site or facility to be used:
(i) the certificate holder agrees in writing to allow use of the site or facility by the applicant;
(ii) management of the applicant’s sludge or septage is compatible with the site or facility certificate;
(iii) all terms and conditions of the original certification will continue to be met with addition of the applicant’s sludge or septage; and
(iv) beginning January 1, 2013, any sludge or septage applied to land shall be applied according to a nutrient management plan approved by the Secretary.
(2) Issuance of an approval under this subsection shall comply with section 7716 of this title.
(h) The Secretary shall not issue a certification to a new nonmunicipal facility, or recertify an existing nonmunicipal facility, without first determining that the applicant meets the requirements established in subdivisions 6605f(a)(1) and (2) of this title.
(i) In lieu of obtaining a certification for the long-term maintenance and postclosure care of the facility, the Secretary shall adopt rules to ensure the proper maintenance and postclosure care of facilities that disposed of municipal solid waste and any other waste stream designated by the Secretary. These rules shall require that the facility owner and operator maintain financial responsibility as required under section 6611 of this title for the period of time determined necessary to protect public health and the environment. These rules may include requirements for monitoring at a facility, monitoring requirements for surface water or groundwater in the vicinity of the facility, monitoring of leachate and gas control, physical maintenance of the facility, and corrective action for any release of a solid waste from the facility.
(j) A facility certified under this section that offers the collection of municipal solid waste shall:
(1) Beginning on July 1, 2014, collect mandated recyclables separate from other solid waste and deliver mandated recyclables to a facility maintained and operated for the management and recycling of mandated recyclables. A facility shall not be required to accept mandated recyclables from a commercial hauler.
(2) Beginning on July 1, 2015, collect leaf and yard residuals between April 1 and December 15 separate from other solid waste and deliver leaf and yard residuals to a location that manages leaf and yard residuals in a manner consistent with the priority uses established under subdivisions 6605k(a)(3)-(5) of this title.
(3) Beginning on July 1, 2017, collect food residuals separate from other solid waste and deliver food residuals to a location that manages food residuals in a manner consistent with the priority uses established under subdivisions 6605k(a)(2)-(5) of this title.
(k) The Secretary may, by rule, adopt exemptions to the requirements of subsection (j) of this section, provided that the exemption is consistent with the purposes of this chapter and the objective of the State plan.
(l) A facility certified under this section may incorporate the cost of the collection of mandated recyclables into the cost of the collection of municipal solid waste and may adjust the charge for the collection of municipal solid waste. A facility certified under this section may charge a separate fee for the collection of mandated recyclables, leaf and yard residuals, or food residuals.
(m) Mandated recyclables, leaf and yard residuals, or food residuals collected as part of a litter collection event operated or administered by a nonprofit organization or municipality shall be exempt from the requirements of subdivision (b)(3)(B) and subsection (j) of this section.
(n) A farm producing compost under subdivision 6001(22)(H) of this title is exempt from the requirements of this section. (Added 1977, No. 106, § 1; amended 1979, No. 195 (Adj. Sess.), § 6, eff. May 6, 1980; 1987, No. 78, § 8; 1989, No. 281 (Adj. Sess.), § 4, eff. June 22, 1990; 1991, No. 157 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. May 5, 1992; 1991, No. 202 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. May 27, 1992; 1993, No. 81, § 2; 1993, No. 157 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. June 7, 1994; 1993, No. 233 (Adj. Sess.), § 61, eff. June 21, 1994; 1997, No. 51, § 3; 2001, No. 149 (Adj. Sess.), § 87, eff. June 27, 2002; 2009, No. 146 (Adj. Sess.), § F11; 2011, No. 138 (Adj. Sess.), § 31, eff. May 14, 2012; 2011, No. 148 (Adj. Sess.), § 4; 2013, No. 175 (Adj. Sess.), § 4; 2015, No. 95 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. May 10, 2016; 2015, No. 150 (Adj. Sess.), § 25, eff. Jan. 1, 2018; 2017, No. 208 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. May 30, 2018; 2021, No. 41, § 4, eff. May 20, 2021.)