Virginia § 18.2-423.1 Placing Nazi symbol or emblem on certain property with intent to intimidate; penalty; prima facie evidence of intent

Virginia Statutes

§ 18.2-423.1 — Placing Nazi symbol or emblem on certain property with intent to intimidate; penalty; prima facie evidence of intent

Virginia § 18.2-423.1

Title 18.2Crimes and Offenses Generally

Ch. 9Crimes Against Peace and Order

Art. 5Activities Tending to Cause Violence

This text of Virginia § 18.2-423.1 (Placing Nazi symbol or emblem on certain property with intent to intimidate; penalty; prima facie evidence of intent) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Virginia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook

Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-423.1 (2026).

Text

A. It is unlawful for any person or persons, with the intent of intimidating another person or group of persons, to place or cause to be placed a Hakenkreuz, hooked cross, or Nazi symbol or emblem, sometimes referred to as the Nazi swastika, on (i) any church, synagogue, or other building or place used for religious worship;

(ii)any school, educational facility, or community center owned or operated by a church or religious body; or (iii) the private property of another without permission. B. It is unlawful for any person or persons, with the intent of intimidating another person or group of persons, to place or cause to be placed a Hakenkreuz, hooked cross, or Nazi symbol or emblem, sometimes referred to as the Nazi swastika, on a highway or other public place in a manner having a direc

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A. It is unlawful for any person or persons, with the intent of intimidating another person or group of persons, to place or cause to be placed a Hakenkreuz, hooked cross, or Nazi symbol or emblem, sometimes referred to as the Nazi swastika, on (i) any church, synagogue, or other building or place used for religious worship; (ii) any school, educational facility, or community center owned or operated by a church or religious body; or (iii) the private property of another without permission.

B. It is unlawful for any person or persons, with the intent of intimidating another person or group of persons, to place or cause to be placed a Hakenkreuz, hooked cross, or Nazi symbol or emblem, sometimes referred to as the Nazi swastika, on a highway or other public place in a manner having a direct tendency to place another person in reasonable fear or apprehension of death or bodily injury.

C. A violation of this section is punishable as a Class 6 felony.

D. For the purposes of this section, any such placing of a Hakenkreuz, hooked cross, or Nazi symbol or emblem, sometimes referred to as the Nazi swastika, shall be prima facie evidence of an intent to intimidate another person or group of persons. However, these terms do not include and are distinct from the sacred swastika word and symbol of peace and prosperity used by Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Zoroastrianism, or Native American religions.