§ 31A-28-108 — Powers and duties of the association.

(1) (1)(a) If a member insurer is an impaired insurer, subject to any conditions imposed by the association that do not impair the contractual obligations of the impaired insurer, the association may provide the protections provided by this part.
(1)(b) If the association makes the election described in Subsection (1)(a), the association may proceed under one or more of the options described in Subsection (3).
(2) If a member insurer is an insolvent insurer, the association shall provide the protections provided by this part by electing in its discretion to proceed under one or more of the options in Subsection (3).
(3) With respect to the covered portions of covered policies of an insolvent insurer, the association may:

(3)(a) (3)(a)(i) (3)(a)(i)(A) guaranty, assume, reissue, or reinsure, or cause to be guaranteed, assumed, reissued, or reinsured, the policies or contracts of the insolvent insurer; or
(3)(a)(i)(B) assure payment of the contractual obligations of the insolvent insurer; and
(3)(a)(ii) provide the money, pledges, loans, notes, guarantees, or other means as are reasonably necessary to discharge such duties; or
(3)(b) provide benefits and coverages in accordance with Subsection (4).
(4) (4)(a) The association may proceed under Subsection (3)(b) by:
(4)(a)(i) ensuring payment of benefits that would have been payable under the policies or contracts of the insurer, for claims incurred:

(4)(a)(i)(A) with respect to group policies or contracts:
(4)(a)(i)(A)(I) not later than the earlier of the next renewal date under the policies or contracts or 45 days after the coverage date; and
(4)(a)(i)(A)(II) in no event less than 30 days after the coverage date; or
(4)(a)(i)(B) with respect to nongroup policies or contracts:
(4)(a)(i)(B)(I) not later than the earlier of the next renewal date, if any, under the policies or contracts or one year from the coverage date; and
(4)(a)(i)(B)(II) in no event less than 30 days from the coverage date;
(4)(a)(ii) making diligent efforts to notify the following 30 days before any termination of the benefits that are provided under a policy or contract of the insurer:

(4)(a)(ii)(A) the known insureds, enrollees, or annuitants for nongroup policies and contracts;
(4)(a)(ii)(B) owners if other than an insured, enrollee, or annuitant; or
(4)(a)(ii)(C) group policy or contract owners for group policies and contracts; and
(4)(a)(iii) with respect to nongroup policies and contracts, making available substitute coverage on an individual basis, in accordance with Subsection (4)(b), to each known insured, enrollee, annuitant, or owner and to each individual formerly an insured, enrollee, or annuitant under a group policy or contract who is not eligible for replacement group coverage on an individual basis in accordance with Subsection (4)(b), if the insured, enrollee, or annuitant had a right under law or the terminated policy, contract, or annuity to:

(4)(a)(iii)(A) convert coverage to individual coverage; or
(4)(a)(iii)(B) continue an individual policy or contract in force until a specified age or for a specified time during which the insurer had:
(4)(a)(iii)(B)(I) no right unilaterally to make changes in any provision of the policy or contract; or
(4)(a)(iii)(B)(II) a right only to make changes in premium by class of risk.
(4)(b) (4)(b)(i) In providing the substitute coverage required under Subsection (4)(a)(iii), the association may offer to:

(4)(b)(i)(A) reissue the terminated coverage; or
(4)(b)(i)(B) issue an alternative policy or contract at actuarially justified rates.
(4)(b)(ii) An alternative or reissued policy or contract under Subsection (4)(b)(i):

(4)(b)(ii)(A) shall be offered without requiring evidence of insurability; and
(4)(b)(ii)(B) may not provide for any waiting period or exclusion that would not have applied under the terminated policy or contract.
(4)(b)(iii) The association may reinsure an alternative or reissued policy or contract.
(4)(c) (4)(c)(i) An alternative policy or contract adopted by the association is subject to the approval of the commissioner.
(4)(c)(ii) The association may adopt alternative policies or contracts of various types for future issuance without regard to any particular impairment or insolvency.
(4)(c)(iii) An alternative policy or contract:

(4)(c)(iii)(A) shall contain at least the minimum statutory provisions required in this state; and
(4)(c)(iii)(B) provide benefits that are not unreasonable in relation to the premium charged.
(4)(c)(iv) The association shall set the premium for an alternative policy or contract in accordance with a table of rates that the association adopts.
(4)(c)(v) The premium described in Subsection (4)(c)(iv) shall reflect:

(4)(c)(v)(A) the amount of insurance or coverage to be provided; and
(4)(c)(v)(B) the age and class of risk of each insured.
(4)(c)(vi) For an alternative policy or contract issued under an individual policy or contract of the impaired or insolvent insurer:

(4)(c)(vi)(A) age shall be determined in accordance with the original policy or contract provisions; and
(4)(c)(vi)(B) class of risk is the class of risk under the original policy or contract.
(4)(c)(vii) For an alternative policy or contract issued to individuals insured or covered under a group policy or contract:

(4)(c)(vii)(A) age and class of risk shall be determined by the association in accordance with the alternative policy or contract provisions and risk classification standards approved by the commissioner; and
(4)(c)(vii)(B) the premium may not reflect any changes in the health of the insured after the original policy or contract was last underwritten.
(4)(c)(viii) An alternative policy or contract issued by the association shall provide coverage of a type similar to that of the policy or contract issued by the impaired or insolvent insurer, as determined by the association.
(4)(d) If the association elects to reissue terminated coverage at a premium rate different from that charged under the terminated policy or contract, the association shall set the premium in a manner that is actuarially justified and in accordance with the amount of insurance or coverage provided and the age and class of risk, subject to the prior approval of the commissioner or by a court of competent jurisdiction.
(4)(e) The association's obligations with respect to coverage under any policy or contract of the impaired or insolvent insurer or under any reissued or alternative policy or contract ceases on the date the coverage, policy, or contract is replaced by another similar coverage, policy, or contract by:
(4)(e)(i) the enrollee;
(4)(e)(ii) the owner;
(4)(e)(iii) the insured; or
(4)(e)(iv) the association.
(4)(f) (4)(f)(i) With respect to a claim unpaid as of the coverage date and an accident and health claim incurred during the period defined in Subsection (4)(a)(i), a provider of health care services, by accepting a payment from the association upon a claim of the provider against an insured or enrollee whose insurer is an insolvent insurer, agrees to forgive the insured or enrollee of 20% of the debt that otherwise would be paid by the insolvent insurer had the insurer not been insolvent.
(4)(f)(ii) The obligations of a solvent insurer to pay all or part of the covered claim are not diminished by the forgiveness provided for in this section.
(5) When proceeding under Subsection (3)(b) with respect to any policy or contract carrying guaranteed minimum interest rates, the association shall assure the payment or crediting of a rate of interest consistent with Subsection 31A-28-103(7)(c).
(6) Nonpayment of premiums within 31 days after the date required under the terms of any guaranteed, assumed, alternative, or reissued policy or contract or substitute coverage terminates the association's obligations under the policy, contract, or coverage under this part with respect to the policy, contract, or coverage, except with respect to any claims incurred or any net cash surrender value that may be due in accordance with this part.
(7) (7)(a) Premium due after the coverage date with respect to the covered portion of a policy or contract of an impaired or insolvent insurer belongs to and is payable at the direction of the association. If a liquidator of an insolvent insurer requests the report, the association shall report to the liquidator the premium collected by the association.
(7)(b) The association is liable to a policy or contract owner for unearned premiums due to the policy or contract owner arising after the coverage date with respect to the covered portion of the policy or contract.
(8) The protection provided by this part does not apply if any guaranty protection is provided to residents of this state by laws of the domiciliary state or jurisdiction of the impaired or insolvent insurer other than this state.
(9) In carrying out its duties under Subsection (2), and subject to approval by a court in this state, the association may:

(9)(a) impose permanent policy or contract liens in connection with a guarantee, assumption, or reinsurance agreement, if the association finds that:
(9)(a)(i) the amounts that can be assessed under this part are less than the amounts needed to assure full and prompt performance of the association's duties under this part; or
(9)(a)(ii) the economic or financial conditions as they affect member insurers are sufficiently adverse to render the imposition of the permanent policy or contract liens to be in the public interest;
(9)(b) impose temporary moratoriums or liens on payments of cash values and policy loans, or any other right to withdraw funds held in conjunction with policies or contracts, in addition to any contractual provisions for deferral of cash or policy loan value; and
(9)(c) if the receivership court imposes a temporary moratorium or moratorium charge on payment of cash values or policy loans, or on any other right to withdraw funds held in conjunction with policies or contracts, out of the assets of the impaired or insolvent insurer, defer the payment of cash values, policy loans, or other rights by the association for the period of the moratorium or moratorium charge imposed by the receivership court, except for claims covered by the association to be paid in accordance with a hardship procedure:
(9)(c)(i) established by the receiver; and
(9)(c)(ii) approved by the receivership court.
(10) (10)(a) A special deposit in this state held pursuant to law or required by the commissioner for the benefit of creditors, including policy or contract owners, that is not turned over to the domiciliary receiver upon the entry of a final order of liquidation or order approving a rehabilitation plan of a member insurer domiciled in any state shall be promptly paid to the association.
(10)(b) Any amount paid under Subsection (10)(a) to the association less the amount retained by the association shall be treated as a distribution of estate assets pursuant to Sections 31A-27a-601, 31A-27a-602, and 31A-27a-701.
(11) If the association fails to act within a reasonable period of time as provided in this section, the commissioner has the powers and duties of the association under this part with respect to an impaired or insolvent insurer.
(12) The association may assist or advise the commissioner, upon the commissioner's request, concerning:

(12)(a) rehabilitation;
(12)(b) payment of claims;
(12)(c) continuance of coverage; or
(12)(d) the performance of other contractual obligations of any impaired or insolvent insurer.
(13) (13)(a) The association has standing to appear or intervene before a court or agency in this state with jurisdiction over:
(13)(a)(i) an impaired or insolvent insurer concerning which the association is or may become obligated under this part; or
(13)(a)(ii) any person or property against which the association may have rights through subrogation or otherwise.
(13)(b) The standing referred to in Subsection (13)(a) extends to all matters germane to the powers and duties of the association, including:
(13)(b)(i) proposals for reinsuring, reissuing, modifying, or guaranteeing the policies or contracts of the impaired or insolvent insurer; and
(13)(b)(ii) the determination of the policies or contracts and contractual obligations.
(13)(c) The association has the right to appear or intervene before a court in another state with jurisdiction over:
(13)(c)(i) an impaired or insolvent insurer for which the association is or may become obligated; or
(13)(c)(ii) any person or property against which the association may have rights through subrogation of the insurer's policy owners or contract owners.
(14) (14)(a) A person receiving benefits under this part is considered to have assigned the rights under, and any causes of action against any person for losses arising under, resulting from, or otherwise relating to the covered policy or contract to the association to the extent of the benefits received because of this part, whether the benefits are payments of, or on account of:
(14)(a)(i) contractual obligations;
(14)(a)(ii) continuation of coverage; or
(14)(a)(iii) provision of substitute or alternative policies, contracts, or coverages.
(14)(b) As a condition precedent to the receipt of any right or benefits conferred by this part upon that person, the association may require an assignment to it of the rights and causes of action described in Subsection (14)(a) by any:
(14)(b)(i) payee;
(14)(b)(ii) policy or contract owner;
(14)(b)(iii) beneficiary;
(14)(b)(iv) insured;
(14)(b)(v) enrollee; or
(14)(b)(vi) annuitant.
(14)(c) The subrogation rights obtained by the association under this Subsection (14) have the same priority against the assets of the impaired or insolvent insurer as that possessed by the person entitled to receive benefits under this part.
(14)(d) In addition to Subsections (14)(a) through (c), the association has the common law rights of subrogation and any other equitable or legal remedy that would have been available to the impaired or insolvent insurer or owner, beneficiary, enrollee, or payee of a policy or contract with respect to the policy or contract, including in the case of a structured settlement annuity any rights of the owner, beneficiary, or payee of the annuity to the extent of benefits received pursuant to this part against a person originally or by succession responsible for the losses arising from the personal injury relating to the annuity or payment of the annuity.
(14)(e) If a provision of this Subsection (14) is invalid or ineffective with respect to a person or claim for any reason, the amount payable by the association with respect to the related covered obligations shall be reduced by the amount realized by any other person with respect to the person or claim that is attributable to the policies, or portion of the policies, covered by the association.
(14)(f) If the association has provided benefits with respect to a covered policy or contract and a person recovers amounts as to which the association has rights as described in this Subsection (14), the person shall pay to the association the portion of the recovery attributable to the covered policy or contract.
(15) (15)(a) In addition to the rights and powers elsewhere in this part, the association may:
(15)(a)(i) enter into a contract that is necessary or proper to carry out the provisions and purposes of this part;
(15)(a)(ii) sue or be sued, including taking any legal actions necessary or proper to:

(15)(a)(ii)(A) recover any unpaid assessments under Section 31A-28-109; and
(15)(a)(ii)(B) settle claims or potential claims against the association;
(15)(a)(iii) borrow money to effect the purposes of this part;
(15)(a)(iv) employ or retain the persons necessary or the appropriate staff members to:

(15)(a)(iv)(A) handle the financial transactions of the association; and
(15)(a)(iv)(B) perform other functions as become necessary or proper under this part;
(15)(a)(v) take necessary or appropriate legal action to avoid or recover payment of improper claims;
(15)(a)(vi) exercise, for the purposes of this part and to the extent approved by the commissioner, the powers of a domestic insurer providing life insurance or accident and health insurance, but in no case may the association issue policies or contracts other than those issued to perform the association's obligation under this part;
(15)(a)(vii) request information from a person seeking coverage from the association to aid the association in determining the association's obligations under this part with respect to the person;
(15)(a)(viii) unless prohibited by law, in accordance with the terms and conditions of the policy or contract, file for actuarially justified rate or premium increases for any policy or contract for which the association provides coverage under this part;
(15)(a)(ix) take other necessary or appropriate action to discharge the association's duties and obligations under this part or to exercise the association's powers under this part; and
(15)(a)(x) act as a special deputy receiver if appointed by the commissioner.
(15)(b) Any note or other evidence of indebtedness of the association under Subsection (15)(a)(iii) that is not in default:
(15)(b)(i) is a legal investment for a domestic member insurer; and
(15)(b)(ii) may be carried as admitted assets.
(15)(c) A person seeking coverage from the association shall promptly comply with a request for information by the association under Subsection (15)(a)(vii).
(16) The association may join an organization of one or more other state associations of similar purposes to further the purposes and administer the powers and duties of the association.
(17) (17)(a) At any time within 180 days after the coverage date, the association may elect to succeed to the rights and obligations of the member insurer that:
(17)(a)(i) accrue on or after the coverage date; and
(17)(a)(ii) relate to covered policies or contracts under any one or more indemnity reinsurance agreements:

(17)(a)(ii)(A) entered into by the member insurer as a ceding insurer and its reinsurer; and
(17)(a)(ii)(B) selected by the association.
(17)(b) An election made pursuant to Subsection (17)(a) is effective as of the date of the order of liquidation.
(17)(c) The association may make an election described in Subsection (17)(a) by notifying an affected reinsurer in writing, with verification of receipt, through:
(17)(c)(i) the association; or
(17)(c)(ii) a nationally recognized association representing state guaranty associations that is approved by the commissioner, that provides notice on behalf of the association.
(17)(d) The association shall provide a copy of the notice described in Subsection (17)(c) to the receiver.
(17)(e) (17)(e)(i) The receiver of an insolvent insurer and each reinsurer of the ceding member insurers shall make available as soon as possible after commencement of formal delinquency proceedings the information described in Subsection (17)(e)(ii) to:

(17)(e)(i)(A) the association; or
(17)(e)(i)(B) a nationally recognized association representing state guaranty associations that is approved by the commissioner, on behalf of the association.
(17)(e)(ii) This Subsection (17)(e) applies to:

(17)(e)(ii)(A) copies of in-force contracts of reinsurance and the related records relevant to the determination of whether the in-force contracts of reinsurance should be assumed;
(17)(e)(ii)(B) notices of any default under a reinsurance contract; or
(17)(e)(ii)(C) any known event or condition that with the passage of time could become a default under a reinsurance contract.
(17)(f) If the association makes an election under Subsection (17)(a), the association shall comply with Subsections (17)(f)(i) through (vii) with respect to the agreements selected by the association.
(17)(f)(i) For a policy or contract covered, in whole or in part, by the association, the association is responsible for:

(17)(f)(i)(A) the unpaid premiums due under the agreements for periods both before and after the coverage date; and
(17)(f)(i)(B) the performance of the other obligations to be performed after the coverage date.
(17)(f)(ii) The association may charge a policy or contract covered in part by the association the costs for reinsurance in excess of the obligations of the association, through reasonable allocation methods.
(17)(f)(iii) The association shall provide notice and an accounting to the receiver of a charge made pursuant to Subsection (17)(f)(ii).
(17)(f)(iv) The association is entitled to any amounts payable by the reinsurer under the agreements with respect to a loss or event that:

(17)(f)(iv)(A) occurs after the coverage date; and
(17)(f)(iv)(B) relates to a policy or a contract covered by the association, in whole or in part.
(17)(f)(v) On receipt of any amounts under Subsection (17)(f)(iv), the association shall pay to the beneficiary under the policy or contract on account of which the amounts were paid an amount equal to the lesser of:

(17)(f)(v)(A) the amount received by the association; and
(17)(f)(v)(B) the excess of the amount received by the association over the benefits paid or payable by the association on account of the policy or contract less the retention of the insurer applicable to the loss or event.
(17)(f)(vi) (17)(f)(vi)(A) Within 30 days following the association's election, the association and each indemnity reinsurer shall calculate the net balance due to or from the association under each reinsurance agreement as of the date of the association's election, giving full credit to the items paid by either the member insurer, its receiver, or the indemnity reinsurer before the date of the association's election.
(17)(f)(vi)(B) Within five days of the completion of the calculation under Subsection (17)(f)(vi)(A):
(17)(f)(vi)(B)(I) the reinsurer shall pay the receiver the amounts due for a loss or event before the coverage date, subject to any set-off for premiums unpaid for a period before the coverage date; and
(17)(f)(vi)(B)(II) the association or the reinsurer shall pay any remaining balance due the other.
(17)(f)(vi)(C) A dispute over an amount due to either party shall be resolved:
(17)(f)(vi)(C)(I) by arbitration pursuant to the terms of the affected reinsurance contract; or
(17)(f)(vi)(C)(II) if the reinsurance contract contains no arbitration clause, as otherwise provided by law.
(17)(f)(vi)(D) If the receiver receives an amount due the association pursuant to Subsection (17)(f)(iv), the receiver shall remit that amount to the association as promptly as practicable.
(17)(f)(vii) If the association, or the receiver on behalf of the association, within 60 days of the election, pays the premiums due for periods both before and after the coverage date that relate to policies or contracts covered by the association, in whole or in part, the reinsurer may not:

(17)(f)(vii)(A) terminate the reinsurance agreement for failure to pay premium, to the extent the reinsurance agreement relates to a policy or contract covered by the association, in whole or in part; and
(17)(f)(vii)(B) set off against amounts due the association an amount due:
(17)(f)(vii)(B)(I) under another policy or contract; or
(17)(f)(vii)(B)(II) as an unpaid amount due from a person other than the association.
(17)(g) (17)(g)(i) This Subsection (17)(g) applies during the period that:

(17)(g)(i)(A) begins on the coverage date; and
(17)(g)(i)(B) ends:
(17)(g)(i)(B)(I) on the election date; or
(17)(g)(i)(B)(II) if no election date occurs, 180 days after the coverage date.
(17)(g)(ii) During the period described in Subsection (17)(g)(i):

(17)(g)(ii)(A) neither the association nor the reinsurer have a right or obligation under a reinsurance contract that the association may assume under Subsection (17)(a), whether for a period before or after the coverage date; and
(17)(g)(ii)(B) the reinsurer, the receiver, and the association, to the extent practicable, shall provide each other data and records reasonably requested.
(17)(g)(iii) Notwithstanding Subsection (17)(g)(ii), once the association elects to assume a reinsurance contract, the parties' rights and obligations are governed by Subsections (17)(f)(i) through (vi).
(17)(h) If the association does not elect to assume a reinsurance contract by the election date pursuant to Subsection (17)(a), the association has no right or obligation with respect to the reinsurance contract, whether for a period before or after the coverage date.
(17)(i) An insurer other than the association succeeds to the rights and obligations of the association under Subsections (17)(a) through (f) effective as of the date agreed upon by the association and the other insurer and regardless of whether the association has made the election referred to in Subsections (17)(a) through (f) provided that:
(17)(i)(i) the association transfers its obligations to the other insurer;
(17)(i)(ii) the association and the other insurer agree to the transfer;
(17)(i)(iii) the indemnity reinsurance agreements automatically terminate for new reinsurance unless the indemnity reinsurer and the other insurer agree to the contrary;
(17)(i)(iv) the obligations described in Subsection (17)(f)(v) may not apply on and after the date the indemnity reinsurance agreement is transferred to the third party insurer;
(17)(i)(v) the transferring party shall give notice in writing, with verification of receipt, to the affected reinsurer not less than 30 days before the effective date of the transfer; and
(17)(i)(vi) this Subsection (17)(i) may not apply if the association has previously expressly determined in writing that the association will not exercise the election referred to in Subsections (17)(a) through (f).
(17)(j) (17)(j)(i) This Subsection (17) supersedes the provisions of any law of this state or of any affected reinsurance agreement that provides for or requires any payment of reinsurance proceeds on account of losses or events that occur in periods after the coverage date, to:

(17)(j)(i)(A) the receiver of an insolvent member insurer; or
(17)(j)(i)(B) another person.
(17)(j)(ii) The receiver is entitled to any amounts payable by the reinsurer under the reinsurance agreement with respect to a loss or event that occurs before the coverage date, subject to applicable setoff provisions.
(17)(k) Except as otherwise expressly provided in Subsections (17)(a) through (j), this Subsection (17) does not:
(17)(k)(i) alter or modify the terms and conditions of a reinsurance agreement of the insolvent member insurer;
(17)(k)(ii) abrogate or limit a right any reinsurer to claim that it is entitled to rescind a reinsurance agreement;
(17)(k)(iii) give a policy owner, policy holder, contract owner, enrollee, certificate holder, or beneficiary an independent cause of action against a reinsurer that is not otherwise set forth in the reinsurance agreement;
(17)(k)(iv) limit or affect the association's rights as a creditor of the estate of an insolvent insurer against the assets of the estate; or
(17)(k)(v) apply to a reinsurance agreement that covers property or casualty risks.
(18) The board of directors of the association has discretion and may exercise reasonable business judgment to determine the means by which the association is to provide the benefits of this part in an economical and efficient manner.
(19) If the association arranges or offers to provide the benefits of this part to a covered person under a plan or arrangement that fulfills the association's obligations under this part, the person is not entitled to benefits from the association in addition to or other than those provided under the plan or arrangement.
(20) (20)(a) Venue in a suit against the association arising under this part is Salt Lake County.
(20)(b) The association may not be required to give an appeal bond in an appeal that relates to a cause of action arising under this part.

Legislative History

Amended by Chapter 391, 2018 General Session