§ 22.501 — DEFINITIONS.

Texas § 22.501

• Jurisdiction: Texas
• Code BO: Business Organizations Code

Text

Sec. 22.501. DEFINITIONS. In this subchapter:
(1) "Corporate statute," with respect to an action or filing, means this code, the former Texas Non-Profit Corporation Act (Article 1396-1.01 et seq., Vernon's Texas Civil Statutes), or any predecessor statute of this state that governed the action or the filing.
(2) "Defective corporate act" means:
(A) an election or appointment of directors that is void or voidable due to a failure of authorization; or
(B) any act or transaction purportedly taken by or on behalf of the corporation that is, and at the time the act or transaction was purportedly taken would have been, within the power of a corporation to take under the corporate statute, but is ineffective, void, or voidable due to a failure of authorization, including a failure to file with the filing officer a filing instrument that was required under the corporate statute to complete the effectiveness of the act or transaction.
(3) "District court" means a district court in:
(A) the county in which the corporation's principal office in this state is located; or
(B) the county in which the corporation's registered office in this state is located, if the corporation does not have a principal office in this state.
(4) "Failure of authorization" means:
(A) the failure to authorize or effect an act or transaction in compliance with the provisions of the corporate statute, the governing documents of the corporation, a corporate resolution, or any plan or agreement to which the corporation is a party, if and to the extent the failure would render the act or transaction ineffective, void, or voidable; or
(B) the failure of the board of directors or an officer of the corporation to authorize or approve an act or transaction taken by or on behalf of the corporation that required the prior authorization or approval of the board of directors or the officer.
(5) "Time of the defective corporate act" means the date and time the defective corporate act was purported to have been taken or the approximate date and time, if the exact date is unknown.
(6) "Validation effective time" or "effective time of the validation," with respect to any defective corporate act ratified under this subchapter, means the latest of:
(A) the time at which the defective corporate act submitted to the members for approval under Section 22.505 is approved by the members or, if the corporation has no members or has no members with voting rights or if no member approval is required, the time at which the board of directors adopts the resolutions required by Section 22.503 ;
(B) if a certificate of validation is not required to be filed under Section 22.508 , the time, if any, specified by the board of directors or the members in the resolutions adopted under Section 22.503 , which may not precede the time at which the resolutions are adopted; or
(C) the time at which any certificate of validation filed under Section 22.508 takes effect in accordance with Chapter 4 .

Legislative History

Added by Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 664 (S.B. 1969 ), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2019. Amended by: Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 199 (S.B. 2411 ), Sec. 42, eff. September 1, 2025.