Texas § 55.31 UNFITNESS TO PROCEED DETERMINATION; EXAMINATION.

Texas Statutes

§ 55.31 — UNFITNESS TO PROCEED DETERMINATION; EXAMINATION.

Texas § 55.31

Code FAFamily Code

This text of Texas § 55.31 (UNFITNESS TO PROCEED DETERMINATION; EXAMINATION.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook

Tex. Family Code Code Ann. § 55.31 (2026).

Text

Sec. 55.31. UNFITNESS TO PROCEED DETERMINATION; EXAMINATION.

(a)A child alleged by petition or found to have engaged in delinquent conduct or conduct indicating a need for supervision who as a result of mental illness or an intellectual disability lacks capacity to understand the proceedings in juvenile court or to assist in the child's own defense is unfit to proceed and shall not be subjected to discretionary transfer to criminal court, adjudication, disposition, or modification of disposition as long as such incapacity endures.

(b)On a motion by a party, the juvenile court shall determine whether probable cause exists to believe that a child who is alleged by petition or who is found to have engaged in delinquent conduct or conduct indicating a need for supervision is unfit to proceed

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Sec. 55.31. UNFITNESS TO PROCEED DETERMINATION; EXAMINATION. (a) A child alleged by petition or found to have engaged in delinquent conduct or conduct indicating a need for supervision who as a result of mental illness or an intellectual disability lacks capacity to understand the proceedings in juvenile court or to assist in the child's own defense is unfit to proceed and shall not be subjected to discretionary transfer to criminal court, adjudication, disposition, or modification of disposition as long as such incapacity endures.
(b) On a motion by a party, the juvenile court shall determine whether probable cause exists to believe that a child who is alleged by petition or who is found to have engaged in delinquent conduct or conduct indicating a need for supervision is unfit to proceed as a result of mental illness or an intellectual disability. In making its determination, the court may:
(1) consider the motion, supporting documents, professional statements of counsel, and witness testimony; and
(2) make its own observation of the child.
(c) If the court determines that probable cause exists to believe that the child is unfit to proceed, the court shall temporarily stay the juvenile court proceedings and immediately order the child to be examined under Section 55.04 .
(d) During an examination ordered under this section, and in any report based on that examination, an expert shall consider, in addition to other issues determined relevant by the expert:
(1) whether the child, as supported by current indications and the child's personal history:
(A) is a child with mental illness; or
(B) is a child with an intellectual disability;
(2) the child's capacity to:
(A) appreciate the allegations against the child;
(B) appreciate the range and nature of allowable dispositions that may be imposed in the proceedings against the child;
(C) understand the roles of the participants and the adversarial nature of the legal process;
(D) display appropriate courtroom behavior; and
(E) testify relevantly; and
(3) the degree of impairment resulting from the child's mental illness or intellectual disability and the specific impact on the child's capacity to engage with counsel in a reasonable and rational manner.
(e) An expert's report to the court must state an opinion on the child's fitness to proceed or explain why the expert is unable to state that opinion and include:
(1) the child's history and current status regarding any possible mental illness or intellectual disability;
(2) the child's developmental history as it relates to any possible mental illness or intellectual disability;
(3) the child's functional abilities related to fitness to stand trial;
(4) the relationship between deficits in the child's functional abilities related to fitness to proceed and any mental illness or intellectual disability; and
(5) if the expert believes the child is in need of remediation or restoration services, a discussion of:
(A) whether the child's abilities are likely to be remediated or restored within the period described by Section 55.33 (a)(1), (2), or (3);
(B) whether the child may be adequately treated in an alternative setting;
(C) any recommended interventions to aid in the remediation or restoration of the child's fitness;
(D) whether the child meets criteria for court-ordered treatment or services under Section 55.05 or 55.06 ; and
(E) if applicable, the specific criteria the child meets under Paragraph (D).
(f) After considering all relevant information, including information obtained from an examination under Section 55.04 , the court shall:
(1) if the court determines that evidence exists to support a finding that the child is unfit to proceed, proceed under Section 55.32 ; or
(2) if the court determines that evidence does not exist to support a finding that the child is unfit to proceed, dissolve the stay and continue the juvenile court proceedings.

Legislative History

Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 1460, ch. 544, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1973. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 262, Sec. 47, eff. May 31, 1995. Redesignated from Family Code Sec. 55.04(a) and (b) and amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1477, Sec. 14, eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Amended by: Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1 (S.B. 219 ), Sec. 1.006, eff. April 2, 2015. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1166 (S.B. 1585 ), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2023.