§ 30-13-54. Voting and rulings by court-martial.
(a) Voting by members of a general or special court-martial upon questions of challenge,
on the findings, and on the sentence shall be by secret written ballot, provided that,
upon questions of challenge, the challenged member shall not be entitled to vote.
The junior member of the court shall in each case count the votes. The count shall
be checked by the president, who shall forthwith announce the result of the ballot
to the members of the court.
(b) The law officer of a general court-martial and the president of a special court-martial
shall rule upon interlocutory questions, other than challenge, arising during the
proceedings. Any ruling made by the law officer of a general court-martial or by the
president of a special court-martial upon any interlocutory question other than a
motion for a finding of not guilty, or the question of the accused's sanity, is final
and constitutes the ruling of the court. However, the law officer or president may
change the ruling at any time during the trial except a ruling on a motion for a finding
of not guilty that was granted. Unless the ruling is final, if any member objects
thereto, the court shall be cleared and closed and the question decided by a voice
vote, as provided in § 30-13-55, beginning with the junior in rank.
(c) Before a vote is taken on the findings, the law officer of a general court-martial
and the president of a special court-martial shall, in the presence of the accused
and counsel, instruct the court as to the elements of the offense and charge the court:
(1) That the accused must be presumed to be innocent until his or her guilt is established
by legal and competent evidence beyond reasonable doubt;
(2) That in the case being considered, if there is a reasonable doubt as to the guilt
of the accused, the doubt must be resolved in favor of the accused and he or she must
be acquitted;
(3) That, if there is a reasonable doubt as to the degree of guilt, the finding must be
in a lower degree as to which there is no reasonable doubt; and
(4) That the burden of proof of establishing the guilt of the accused beyond reasonable
doubt is upon the state.