§ 59-1332 — Forfeiture procedure.

Oklahoma § 59-1332

• Jurisdiction: Oklahoma
• Title 59: Professions And Occupations

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A. If there is a breach of an undertaking, the court before which the cause is pending shall issue, within ten (10) days, an arrest warrant for the defendant and declare the undertaking and any money, property, or securities that have been deposited as bail, forfeited on the day the defendant failed to appear. Within fifteen (15) days from the date of the forfeiture, the order and judgment of forfeiture shall be filed with the clerk of the trial court. Failure to timely issue the arrest warrant or file the order and judgment of forfeiture as provided in this subsection shall exonerate the bond by operation of law. In the event of the forfeiture of a bail bond the clerk of the trial court shall, within thirty (30) days after the order and judgment of forfeiture is filed in the court, by mail with return receipt requested, mail a true and correct copy of the order and judgment of forfeiture to the bondsman, and if applicable, the insurer, whose risk it is, and keep at least one copy of the order and judgment of forfeiture on file; provided, the clerk shall not be required to mail the order and judgment of forfeiture to the bondsman or insurer if, within fifteen (15) days from the date of forfeiture, the defendant is returned to custody, the bond is reinstated by the court with the bondsman’s approval, or the order of forfeiture is vacated or set aside by the court. Failure of the clerk of the trial court to comply with the thirty-day notice provision in this subsection shall exonerate the bond by operation of law. B. The order and judgment of forfeiture shall be on forms prescribed by the Administrative Director of the Courts. C. 1. The bail bondsman shall have ninety (90) days from receipt of the order and judgment of forfeiture from the court clerk or mailing of the notice if no receipt is made to return the defendant to custody. 2. The bondsman may contract with a licensed bail enforcer pursuant to the Bail Enforcement and Licensing Act to recover and return the defendant to custody within the ninety-day period, or as agreed, or notwithstanding the Bail Enforcement and Licensing Act if the bondsman is duly appointed in this state by an insurer operating in this state, the bondsman may seek the assistance of another licensed bondsman in this state who is appointed by the same insurer. 3. When the court record indicates that the defendant is returned to custody in the jurisdiction where forfeiture occurred, within the ninety-day period, the court clerk shall enter minutes vacating the forfeiture and exonerating the bond. If the defendant has been timely returned to custody, but this fact is not reflected by the court record, the court shall vacate the forfeiture and exonerate the bond. 4. For the purposes of this section, “return to custody” means: a. the return of the defendant to the appropriate Oklahoma law enforcement agency by the bondsman, b. an appearance of the defendant in open court in the court where charged, c. arrest or incarceration within this state of the defendant by law enforcement personnel, provided the bondsman has requested that a hold be placed on the defendant in the jurisdiction wherein the forfeiture lies and has guaranteed reasonable travel expenses for the return of the defendant, or d. arrest or incarceration of the defendant in any other jurisdiction, provided the bondsman has requested that a hold be placed on the defendant in the jurisdiction wherein the forfeiture lies and has guaranteed reasonable travel expenses for the return of the defendant. 5. In addition to the provisions set forth in paragraphs 3 and 4 of this subsection, the bond shall be exonerated by operation of law in any case in which: a. the bondsman has requested in writing of the sheriff’s department in the county where the forfeiture occurred that the defendant be entered into the computerized records of the National Crime Information Center (NCIC), and the request has not been honored within fourteen (14) business days of the receipt of the written request by the department, b. the defendant has been arrested outside of this state and the court record shows the prosecuting attorney has declined to proceed with extradition, c. the defendant’s bondsman or insurer has requested in writing of the prosecuting attorney to file felony bond jumping charges against the defendant when the defendant fails to surrender within thirty (30) days from failing to appear in court and the prosecuting attorney has not filed such charges within thirty (30) business days of the receipt of the written request, or d. the warrant issued by the court has not been entered into an active warrant database available to law enforcement within five (5) business days after its issued date. 6. The court may, in its discretion, vacate the order of forfeiture and exonerate the bond where good cause has been shown for: a. the defendant’s failure to appear, or b. the bondsman’s failure to return the defendant to custody within ninety (90) days. 7. When a bondsman or insurer (“requestor”) has guaranteed travel expenses to return a defendant to custody: a. the law enforcement agency that placed the hold shall promptly advise the requestor of a hit confirmation, b. prior to transporting the defendant, the law enforcement agency that placed the hold shall provide the requestor a good faith estimate of the reasonable return expenses to return the defendant to custody. The requestor may request to decline to pay travel expenses, and the law enforcement agency may release its hold and the defendant shall not be considered returned to custody. If the law enforcement agency cannot contact the requestor, the requestor’s guarantee of travel expenses shall be honored by the requestor, and c. a requestor may request to withdraw their NCIC request any time prior to a defendant’s arrest. D. 1. If, within ninety (90) days from receipt of the order and judgment of forfeiture from the court clerk, or mailing of the notice if no receipt is made, the defendant is not returned to custody, or the forfeiture has not been stayed, the bondsman and, if applicable, the insurer whose risk it is shall deposit cash or other valuable securities in the face amount of the bond with the court clerk ninety-one (91) days from receipt of the order and judgment of forfeiture from the court clerk, or mailing of the notice if no receipt is made; provided, this provision shall not apply if the defendant has been returned to custody within the ninety-day period and the court has failed to vacate the forfeiture pursuant to paragraphs 3 through 6 of subsection C of this section. 2. After the order and judgment has been paid within ninety-one (91) days from receipt of the order and judgment of forfeiture from the court clerk, or mailing of the notice if no receipt is made, as required in paragraph 1 of this subsection, the bondsman and, if applicable, the insurer whose risk it is shall have one (1) year from the date payment is due to return the defendant to custody as defined by paragraph 4 of subsection C of this section. In the event the defendant is returned to custody and all expenses for the defendant’s return have been guaranteed by the bondsman or insurer, the bondsman’s or insurer’s property shall be returned; provided, the request for remitter be made by motion filed within one (1) year from the date payment is due. 3. If the additional cash or securities are not deposited with the court clerk on or before the ninety-first day after the date of service of the order and judgment of forfeiture from the court clerk, or mailing of the notice if no receipt is made, then the court clerk shall notify the Insurance Commissioner by sending a certified copy of the order and judgment of forfeiture and proof that the bondsman and, if applicable, the insurer have been notified by mail with return receipt requested. 4. The Insurance Commissioner shall: a. in the case of a surety bondsman, immediately cancel the license privilege and authorization of the insurer to do business within the State of Oklahoma and cancel the appointment of all surety bondsman agents of the insurer who are licensed by Section 1301 et seq. of this title, and b. in the case of a professional bondsman, withdraw the face amount of the forfeiture from the deposit provided in Section 1306 of this title. The Commissioner shall then immediately direct the professional bondsman, by mail with return receipt requested, to make additional deposits to bring the original deposit to the required level. Should the professional bondsman, after being notified, fail to make an additional deposit within ten (10) days from the receipt of notice, or mailing of notice if no receipt is made, the license shall be revoked and all sums presently on deposit shall be held by the Commissioner to secure the face amounts of bonds outstanding. Upon release of the bonds, any amount of deposit in excess of the bonds shall be returned to the bondsman; provided, the bail bondsman shall have had notice as required by the court, at the place of the bondsman’s business, of the trial or hearing of the defendant named in the bond. The notice shall have been at least ten (10) days before the required appearance of the defendant, unless the appearance is scheduled at the time of execution of the bond. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the bondsman shall be deemed to have had notice of the trial or hearing if the defendant named in the bond shall have been recognized back in open court to appear at a date certain for the trial or hearing. 5. If the actions of any bail bondsman force the Insurance Commissioner to withdraw monies, deposited pursuant to Section 1306 of this title, to pay past-due executions more than two (2) times in a consecutive twelve-month period, then the license of the professional bondsman shall, in addition to other penalties, be suspended automatically for one (1) year or until a deposit equal to all outstanding forfeitures due is made. The deposit shall be maintained until the Commissioner deems it feasible to reduce the deposit. In no case shall an increased deposit exceed two (2) years unless there is a recurrence of withdrawals as stated herein. E. 1. If the defendant’s failure to appear was the result of the defendant’s death or of being in the custody of a court other than the court in which the appearance was scheduled, forfeiture shall not lie. Upon proof to the court that the bondsman paid the order and judgment of forfeiture without knowledge that the defendant was deceased or in custody of another court on the day the defendant was due to appear, and all expenses for the defendant’s return have been paid by the bondsman, the bondsman’s property shall be returned. 2. Where the defendant is in the custody of another court, the district attorney or municipal attorney shall direct a hold order to the official, judge, court or law enforcement agent wherein the defendant is in custody; provided, that all expenses accrued as a result of returning the custody of the defendant shall be borne by the bondsman. F. The district attorney or municipal attorney shall not receive any bonuses or other monies or property for or by reason of services or actions in connection with or collection of bond forfeitures under the provisions of Section 1301 et seq. of this title, except that the court may award a reasonable attorney fee in favor of the prevailing party for legal services in any civil action or proceeding to collect upon a judgment of forfeiture. G. The above procedures shall be subject to the bondsman’s rights of appeal. The bondsman or insurer may appeal an order and judgment of forfeiture pursuant to the procedures for appeal set forth in Section 951 et seq. of Title 12 of the Oklahoma Statutes. To stay the execution of the order and judgment of forfeiture, the bondsman or insurer shall comply with the provisions set forth in Section 990.4 of Title 12 of the Oklahoma Statutes. H. For municipal courts of record, the above procedures are criminal in nature and ancillary to the criminal procedures before the trial court and shall be subject to the bondsman’s right of appeal. The bondsman or insurer may appeal an order and judgment of forfeiture by the municipal courts of record to the Court of Criminal Appeals. I. Upon a motion to the court, any person executing a bail bond as principal or as surety shall be exonerated after three (3) years have elapsed from the posting of the bond, unless a judgment has been entered against the surety or the principal for the forfeiture of the bond, or unless the court grants an extension of the three- year time period for good cause shown, upon motion by the prosecuting attorney.

Legislative History

Added by Laws 1965, c. 184, § 32, eff. Jan. 1, 1966. Amended by Laws 1971, c. 108, §1, eff. Oct. 1, 1971; Laws 1976, c. 14, § 2; Laws 1982, c. 149, § 4, operative Oct. 1, 1982; Laws 1984, c. 225, § 24, emerg. eff. May 23, 1984; Laws 1987, c. 52, § 1, eff. Nov. 1, 1987; Laws 1987, c. 181, § 6, eff. July 1, 1987; Laws 1987, c. 211, § 20, eff. Nov. 1, 1987; Laws 1988, c. 177, § 3, emerg. eff. May 26, 1988; Laws 1990, c. 195, § 8, emerg. eff. May 10, 1990; Laws 1990, c. 332, § 3, emerg. eff. May 30, 1990; Laws 1991, c. 139, § 4, emerg. eff. April 29, 1991; Laws 1992, c. 98, § 8, eff. Sept. 1, 1992; Laws 1993, c. 170, § 7, eff. Sept. 1, 1993; Laws 1994, c. 331, § 4, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Laws 1995, c. 357, § 5, eff. Nov. 1, 1995; Laws 1997, c. 251, § 5, eff. Nov. 1, 1997; Laws 1997, c. 418, § 123, eff. Nov. 1, 1997; Laws 1998, c. 182, § 1, emerg. eff. April 29, 1998; Laws 2001, c. 404, § 8, eff. Nov. 1, 2001; Laws 2002, c. 390, § 20, emerg. eff. June 4, 2002; Laws 2007, c. 97, § 1, eff. Nov. 1, 2007; Laws 2008, c. 32, § 1, eff. Nov. 1, 2008; Laws 2013, c. 150, § 9, eff. Nov. 1, 2013; Laws 2013, c. 407, § 26, eff. Nov. 1, 2013; Laws 2014, c. 385, § 5, eff. Nov. 1, 2014; Laws 2015, c. 187, § 1, eff. Nov. 1, 2015; Laws 2017, c. 161, § 5, eff. Nov. 1, 2017; Laws 2019, c. 270, § 2, eff. Nov. 1, 2019; Laws 2024, c. 252, § 1, eff. Nov. 1, 2024; Laws 2024, c. 327, § 3, eff. Nov. 1, 2024.