§ A-D — Index range: A-D

INDEX\n Art. Sec.\nABANDONMENT:\n Canals (see "Canals").\nABROGATION:\n Common law, colonial and statutory\n laws and resolutions repungnant to\n constitution........................... 1 14\nABSENCE:\n Governor absent from state,\n lieutenant-governor to act as\n governor............................... 4 5\n Wartime absence, continuance as\n commander-in-chief................... 4 5\n Voter, authorization for absentee\n registration and voting................ 2 2,5\nABSENTEE REGISTRATION (see also "Elections"):\n Generally, laws to provide for........... 2 5\nABSENTEE VOTING (see also "Elections"):\n Generally, legislative authority to\n provide................................ 2 2\nACCOUNTS:\n Public corporation, supervision by\n comptroller............................ 10 5\nACCOUNTS AGAINST STATE (See "Claims\n Against State," "State").\nACCUSATION:\n Nature and cause, right to be informed... 1 6\nACCUSED (see also "Criminal Actions"):\n Appearance and defense in person and\n by counsel............................. 1 6\n Grand jury, requirement for indictment... 1 6\n Judicial officer, rights in certain\n proceedings............................ 6 22(a)\n Rights generally......................... 1 6\n Self-incrimination, prohibition against.. 1 6\n Witnesses, confrontation................. 1 6\nACTING GOVERNOR (see "Governor").\nACTION FOR WRONGFUL DEATH:\n Damages recoverable not to be limited.... 1 16\n Existing, not to be abrogated............ 1 16\nACTIONS (see also "Judicial Proceedings"):\n Abolished courts, transferred to certain\n courts................................. 6 35(b,e,f,h,i)\n Conservation, provisions relating to,\n restraining violations of.............. 14 4\n Corporations, suits by and against....... 10 4\n Pending, on effective date of judiciary\n article.\n Continuation and transfer................ 6 36\n Hearing and determination.............. 6 34(a)\n Public office, actions by attorney-general\n -- 1 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n for forfeiture......................... 1 6\n State debts, bondholders' suits to\n compel payment......................... 7 16\n Transfer, by certain courts.............. 6 19(a-i)\nADJOURNMENT (see "Assembly," "Legislature,"\n "Senate").\nADMINISTRATIVE BOARD, JUDICIAL CONFERENCE:\n Composition.............................. 6 28\n Establishment of standards and policies.. 6 28\n Functions................................ 6 28\n Supervision, unified court system........ 6 28\nADOPTION:\n Children, religious persuasion to control 6 32\n Family court, jurisdiction............... 6 13(b)(1)\nAD VALOREM TAX:\n Cities, imposition for housing subsidies. 18 4\n Personal property not subject to......... 16 3\nAFFIRMATION (see also "Oath or Affirmation"):\n Court for trial of impeachments, members\n to take................................ 6 24\n Searches and seizures, warrant to be\n supported by........................... 1 12\n Telephone and telegraph communications,\n interception, orders or warrants to\n be supported by........................ 1 12\nAGRICULTURAL LANDS (see "Lands").\nAGRICULTURE AND MARKETS, DEPARTMENT OF:\n Head of, manner of appointment to be\n prescribed by law...................... 5 4\nAID:\n Children, dependent and neglected,\n legislative authority to provide....... 7 8\n Housing for persons of low income,\n authorization.......................... 18 2\n Mentally ill or retarded, legislative\n authority to provide................... 7 8\n Needy persons, legislative power to\n provide................................ 7 8\n Nursing homes, legislative power to\n provide................................ 18 2\nALLEYS:\n Opening, closing, etc., by private and\n local bill prohibited.................. 3 17\nALLODIAL TENURES (see "Lands").\nALLOWANCES (see "Assembly members,"\n "Public Officers," "Senators").\nALMSHOUSE:\n Voting residence unaffected while inmate. 2 4\nALTERNATIVE FORM OF COUNTY GOVERNMENT (see\n -- 2 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n "Counties").\nAMENDMENTS (see "Bills," "Constitutional\n Amendments," "Legislature," "Local Laws").\nANNEXATION OF TERRITORY:\n Local governments, requirement for\n referendum............................. 9 1(d)\nAPPEALS:\n Affirmance of judgment or order in whole\n or in part............................. 6 5(a)\n City courts, outside New York City,\n where taken............................ 6 8(e),35(m)\n County courts, where taken............... 6 11(d)\n Court of appeals,\n Civil cases, appeals as of right....... 6 3(b)(1-3)\n Constitutional cases,\n Direct appeal.......................... 6 3(b)(1,2)\n Right of appeal unaffected by court\n of origin.......................... 6 3(b)(2)\n Criminal cases, judgment of death,\n direct appeal.......................... 6 3(b)\n Decisions of appellate divisions,\n Appeals involving public officers...... 6 3(b)(5)\n Constitutional questions............... 6 3(b)(1)\n Granting new trial or hearings, appeal\n on stipulation....................... 6 3(b)(3)\n Non-unanimous, appeal as of right...... 6 3(b)(1)\n Final decisions of appellate division,\n when appeal allowed.................... 6 3(b)(1,6)\n Interlocutory decisions of appellate\n divisions.............................. 6 3(b)(4)\n Judgment of death, scope of review....... 6 3(a)\n Judgments or orders of reversal or\n modification, appeals of right......... 6 3(b)(1)\n Jurisdiction,\n Appeals which may be taken............. 6 3(b)(1-7)\n Appeals pending therein on effective\n date of judiciary article,\n Continuation........................... 6 36\n To hear and determine................ 6 34(a)\n Legislature, power to abolish\n certain appeals........................ 6 3(b)(8)\n Limitation to review of questions\n of law, exceptions..................... 6 3(a)\n Non-unanimous decisions of appellate\n division, appeals of right............. 6 3(b)(1)\n Orders of appellate division granting\n new trial or hearing, appeal on\n stipulation............................ 6 3(b)(3)\n Public officers, appeals in proceedings\n affecting.............................. 6 3(b)(5)\n -- 3 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Reversal or modification on new facts,\n unlimited power of review.............. 6 3(a)\n Review, limitation to questions of law,\n exception.............................. 6 3(a)\n Right of appeal unaffected by amount\n involved............................... 6 3(a)\n Statutory provisions, constitution-\n ality, direct appeal................... 6 3(b)(2)\n Judgments, interlocutory, power to\n affirm, reverse or modify............ 6 5(a)\n Judgments of affirmance, reversal or\n modification, power of appellate\n court to render...................... 6 5(a)\n Modification of judgment or order...... 6 5(a)\n New trial, power of appellate court to\n grant................................ 6 5(a)\n Orders, intermediate, power to affirm,\n reverse or modify.................... 6 5(a)\n Pending on effective date of judiciary\n article,\n Continuation and transfer............ 6 36\n Hearing and determination............ 6 34(a)\n Reversal of judgment or order.......... 6 5(a)\n Right thereto, certain cases,\n unaffected by judiciary article........ 6 35(m,n)\n Supreme court,\n Appellate division, appeal to,\n transfer to another department....... 6 4(g)\n Appellate term,\n Jurisdiction....................... 6 8(d,e)\n Transfer thereto, power of\n legislature...................... 6 11(d),35(m)\n Town courts, where taken............... 6 8(d),35(m)\n Transfer of unauthorized............... 6 5(b)\n Village courts, where taken............ 6 8(e),35(m)\nAPPEARANCE (see "Accused," "Criminal\n Actions").\nAPPELLATE DIVISIONS (see "Supreme Court,\n Appellate Division").\nAPPOINTMENT (see "judicial Officers,"\n "Public Officers," and specific\n offices).\nAPPORTIONMENT (see also "Assembly\n Districts," "Assembly members," "Senate\n Districts," "Senators"):\n Assembly districts,\n Division of counties................... 3 5\n Assembly members,\n Directions for apportionment........... 3 5\n Federal census controlling, exceptions. 3 4\n -- 4 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Number from each county................ 3 5\n Ratio for apportionment................ 3 5\n Courts to be convened for causes\n involving.............................. 3 5\n Judicial review.......................... 3 5\n Preference to be given causes\n involving............................ 3 5\n Review by supreme court, suit of\n citizen.............................. 3 5\n Senate districts,\n Division of state.................... 3 3\n Readjustment or alteration........... 3 4\n Senators,\n Federal census controlling, excep-\n tions.............................. 3 4\n Ratio for apportionment.............. 3 4\nAPPROPRIATIONS (see also "Bills,"\n "Legislature"):\n Bills,\n Amendment or alteration of bills\n submitted by governor................ 7 4\n Appropriating public moneys for local\n or private purposes, two-thirds\n vote required........................ 3 20\n Approval by governor, when required,\n Appropriation bills generally........ 4 7\n ................................... 7 6\n Budget bills......................... 7 4,6\n Barge canal, annual appropriations\n authorized, if leased or transferred\n to federal government.............. 15 4\n Effective after passage without action\n by governor........................ 7 4\n Items, approval of some and disapproval\n of others.......................... 4 7\n Restrictions on,\n Consideration of certain........... 7 5\n Content of certain................. 7 6\n Separate bill for each appropriation,\n when required...................... 7 6\n Specification of sum, object and\n purpose of appropriation........... 7 7\n Claims against state, appropriations\n by legislature to pay................ 3 19\n Contribution to state sinking funds.... 7 16\n Estimates by departments to governor... 7 1\n Housing, low rent, etc., appropriations\n from general fund.................... 18 2\n Judiciary, appropriations,\n Approval by governor................. 7 4\n -- 5 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Restrictions on amendment inapplicable\n to................................. 7 4\n Legislature, appropriations,\n Approval by governor................. 7 4\n Restrictions on amendment inapplicable\n to................................. 7 4\n Message from governor, consideration\n of new bill.......................... 7 5\n Moneys not to be paid out except by.... 7 7\n Municipalities, payment of\n indebtedness......................... 8 2\n New bill, legislature not to consider\n before acting on governor's bills,\n exception............................ 7 5\n Reforestation, appropriations.......... 14 3\n Separate bills, when required,\n exceptions .......................... 7 6\n State debts, payment................... 7 16\n State sinking funds.................... 7 15\n Sums not to be fixed by reference to\n other laws........................... 7 7\n Supplemental appropriation bill,\n Submission by governor............... 7 3\n Support of government, separate bills\n not required....................... 7 6\n Three-fifths quorum required for passing\n certain bills........................ 3 23\n Time for payment under acts making..... 7 7\n Veto of items in bills, passage by\n legislature over..................... 4 7\n Wild life conservation,\n appropriations....................... 14 3\nARIETTA:\n Exchange of certain forest preserve\n lands, authorized...................... 14 1\nARMED FORCES (see also "Bonus" and "Civil\n Service"):\n Judges, certain, eligibility to serve.... 6 20(b)(1)\n Article of Commerce:\n Labor of human beings not considered... 1 17\nASSEMBLY (see also "Assembly members,"\n "Legislature"):\n Adjournment exceeding two days, consent\n of senate required..................... 3 10\n Bills (see also "Appropriations,"\n "Bills," "Legislature"),\n Amendment of bills passed by senate.... 3 12\n Desks of members, three day rule....... 3 14\n Enacting clause........................ 3 13\n Introduction........................... 3 12\n -- 6 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Law enacted only by bill............... 3 13\n Passage, conditions prerequisite,...... 3 14\n Majority vote required............... 3 14\n Veto, reconsideration, two-thirds\n vote required.......................... 4 7\n Constitutional amendments,\n Proposal............................... 19 1\n Reference to next legislative\n session.............................. 19 1\n Districts (see "Assembly Districts").\n Doors to be kept open, exception......... 3 10\n Election, when held...................... 3 8\n Elections, returns and qualifications of\n members................................ 3 9\n Forfeiture of membership on acceptance\n of certain offices..................... 3 7\n Impeachment, power, how exercised........ 6 24\n Journal of proceedings (see also\n "Legislature"),\n Bills, final passage, ayes and nays\n to be entered........................ 3 14\n Governor's objections to bills\n to be entered........................ 4 7\n Keeping and publishing................. 3 10\n Passage of bill over veto, entry....... 4 7\n Removal of judicial officers, charges\n and votes to be entered............ 6 23(c)\n Three-fifths quorum for certain bills,\n yeas and nays to be entered........ 3 23\n Legislative power vested in assembly\n and senate........................... 3 1\n Legislature, extraordinary sessions.... 4 3\n Members,\n Additional allowance as managers of\n impeachment........................ 3 6\n Allowance as officer or for service\n in special capacity, not to be\n increased or diminished during\n term............................. 3 6\n Apportionment,\n Counties, number of members........ 3 5\n Division of county into assembly\n districts........................ 3 5\n Duty of legislature................ 3 5\n Federal census controlling,\n exceptions....................... 3 4\n Ratio for apportionment............ 3 5\n Review by supreme court............ 3 5\n Compensation,\n Annual, law fixing, same in each\n -- 7 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n house............................ 3 6\n Other, prohibited.................. 3 6\n 13 7\n Not to be increased or diminished\n during term...................... 3 6\n 13 7\n Districts, to be chosen from single.. 3 5\n Elections returns and qualifications. 3 9\n Forfeiture of membership on\n acceptance of certain offices...... 3 7\n Hamilton county to elect with Fulton\n county............................. 3 5\n Impeachment by, majority vote\n required........................... 6 24\n Number,.............................. 3 2\n Minimum in each county, exception.. 3 5\n Qualifications,...................... 3 7\n House to be judge of............... 3 9\n Salary and allowances................ 3 6\n Speeches and debates privileged...... 3 11\n Term of office....................... 3 2\n Time for election.................... 3 8\n Traveling expenses................... 3 6\n Vacancy in office, creation.......... 3 7\n Officers, selection.................... 3 9\n Privilege of members, speeches and\n debates.............................. 3 11\n Qualifications for membership,......... 3 7\n Power to judge....................... 3 9\n Quorum,\n Majority of members to constitute.... 3 9\n Three-fifths required for passing\n certain bills...................... 3 23\n Removal of judicial officers,\n Court of appeals judges and supreme\n court justices..................... 6 23(a)\n Court on the judiciary, stay of\n action............................. 6 22(e)\n Representation, each county entitled\n to, exception........................ 3 5\n Rules of proceedings, determination.... 3 9\n Speaker,\n Court on the judiciary, notification\n of removal charges................. 6 22(e)\n Governor, when to act as............. 4 6\n Selection............................ 3 9\n Yeas and nays, reconsideration of\n vetoed bills......................... 4 7\nASSEMBLY DISTRICTS:\n Alteration and creation, federal census\n -- 8 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n controlling............................ 3 4,5\n Assembly members to be chosen from\n single, exception,..................... 3 5\n Hamilton county to join with Fulton\n county............................... 3 5\n Description, filing...................... 3 5\n Duration and continuance, exception...... 3 5\n Existing unaffected by new apportionment. 3 5\n Form..................................... 3 5\n Formation,\n City blocks not to be divided.......... 3 5\n Counties having more than one senate\n district............................. 3 5\n Directions and restrictions............ 3 5\n Division of county, when and by whom\n made................................. 3 5\n Equality in number of inhabitants\n to control........................... 3 5\n Limitation on population............... 3 5\n Rules.................................. 3 5\n Senate districts,\n Disregarded, when may be............. 3 4\n To be wholly included within......... 3 5\n Towns not to be divided, exception... 3 5\n Member of legislature, residence..... 3 7\n Number............................... 3 5\n Readjustment, federal census controll-\n ing................................ 3 4\n Territory to be contiguous............... 3 5\nASSEMBLY, RIGHT OF:\n Guaranty................................. 1 9\nASSEMBLY MEMBERS (see also "Assembly,"\n "Legislature"):\n Acceptance of certain offices to\n vacate seat............................ 3 7\n Allowances as officer or for service\n in special capacity.................... 3 6\n Apportionment,........................... 3 5\n Counties entitled to one member,....... 3 5\n Hamilton county to join with Fulton\n county............................. 3 5\n Two members or more................ 3 5\n Directions and restrictions...... 3 5\n Federal census controlling,\n exceptions..................... 3 4\n Ratio for apportionment.............. 3 5\n Review by supreme court.............. 3 5\n Assembly to be judge of elections\n and qualifications............... 3 9\n Commissioner of deeds, not\n -- 9 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n disqualified for appointment..... 3 7\n Compensation, allowances and\n traveling expenses,.............. 3 6\n Constitution and laws to govern and\n control.......................... 3 6\n Existing, continuance until\n changed.......................... 3 6\n Not to be increased or diminished\n during term.................... 3 6\n ............................... 13 7\n Court on the judiciary, stay of\n proceedings.......................... 6 22(e)\n Districts (see "Assembly Districts").\n Elections, when held,................ 3 8\n Effect of law making new\n apportionment...................... 3 5\n Other compensation prohibited........ 3 6\n ................................ 13 7\n Impeachment, majority vote required.... 6 24\n Ineligibility for certain civil\n appointments......................... 3 7\n Judicial officers, removal of certain,\n Charges against, time to prefer to\n stay action by court on judiciary.... 6 22(e)\n Two-thirds vote required............... 6 23(a)\n National guard, not disqualified\n for membership......................... 3 7\n Naval militia, not disqualified\n for membership......................... 3 7\n Number,.................................. 3 2\n Each county entitled to one, exception. 3 5\n Office without compensation, eligibility\n for appointment........................ 3 7\n Qualifications........................... 3 7\n Quorum................................... 3 9,23\n Reserve forces of the United States,\n eligibility for membership............. 3 7\n Salary, law fixing annual................ 3 6\n Speeches and debates, not subject to\n question............................... 3 11\n Term of office........................... 3 2\n Traveling expenses, reimbursement,\n limitation............................. 3 6\n Vacancy in office, when created.......... 3 7\nASSESSMENT ROLL:\n Valuation of real estate for debt and\n tax limit purposes....................... 8 4,10\nASSESSMENTS:\n Equalization ratio, determination for\n tax limit purposes....................... 8 10\n -- 10 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Full value, not to exceed.................. 16 2\n Legislature to prevent abuses therein...... 8 12\n Local governments, adoption and\n amendment of laws governing.............. 9 2(c)\n State comptroller's powers................. 5 1\n Supervision, review and equalization,\n legislature to provide................... 16 2\nASSOCIATIONS (see also "Corporations"):\n Grants by private or local bill\n prohibited,\n Exclusive privilege, immunity or\n franchise............................ 3 17\n Exemption from taxation................ 3 17\n Railroad tracks, privilege of laying\n down................................. 3 17\n Inclusion in term "corporation".......... 10 4\nASYLUM:\n Voting residence unaffected while inmate. 2 4\nATTEMPTS (see "Bribery," "Public Officers").\nATTORNEY:\n Accused, right to appear by.............. 1 6\n Court on the judiciary, designation of... 6 22(f)\n Judges and justices,\n Eligibility to office.................. 6 20(a,c)\n Prohibition against practicing law..... 6 20(b)(4)\nATTORNEY-GENERAL:\n Conservation provisions, notice of suits\n to restrain violations................. 14 4\n Constitutional amendments, reference for\n opinion,............................... 19 1\n Effect of failure to render............ 19 1\n Election................................. 5 1\n Forfeiture of public office, suits by.... 1 6\n Law, department head..................... 5 4\n Notice of actions to restrain,\n Payment or refund of state moneys\n without audit........................ 5 1\n Violations of conservation provisions.. 14 4\n Qualifications........................... 5 1\n Removal of public officers, suit by...... 1 6\n Term of office........................... 5 1\n Vacancy in office,\n Legislature to provide for filling..... 5 1\n No election except at time of electing\n governor............................. 5 1\nAUDIT:\n Claims against state..................... 3 19\nAUDIT AND CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF:\n Comptroller as head...................... 5 4\nAUTHORITIES (see also "Public Corporations"):\n -- 11 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Rules and regulations of state\n authorities............................ 4 8\nBAIL:\n Prohibition against excessive............ 1 5\n Ballot (see "Elections").\n Banking, Department of:\n Head of department, appointment and\n removal................................ 5 4\nBANKS AND BANKING (see also "Savings Banks"):\n Corporations, formation under general\n laws................................... 10 3\n Special charters for, legislature not\n to grant............................. 10 3\nBAR ASSOCIATION, NEW YORK STATE:\n Court on the judiciary, request by\n majority of executive committee to\n convene................................ 6 22(d)\nBARGE CANALS (see "Canals").\nBELLEAYRE MOUNTAIN:\n Forest preserve, construction of ski\n trails permitted....................... 14 1\nBETTING:\n Horse races, pari-mutuel betting,\n authorization.......................... 1 9\n Voters, disqualification................. 2 3\nBILL OF RIGHTS:\n Constitutional provisions generally...... 1 1-18\nBILLS (see also "Appropriations,"\n "Budget," "Legislature"):\n Amendments,\n Either house may make.................. 3 12\n Prohibited on last reading............. 3 14\n Revision bills free of certain\n restrictions......................... 3 21\n Appropriations,\n Amendment or alteration of governor's\n bills................................ 7 4\n Approval of and objection to specific\n items................................ 4 7\n Disapproved items ineffective,......... 4 7\n Subject to provisions governing\n vetoed bills....................... 4 7\n Governor, action by,\n Approval, when required,\n Appropriation bills generally...... 4 7\n ................................. 7 6\n Budget bills....................... 7 4,6\n Message from governor,\n consideration of new........... 7 5\n Priority of consideration for\n -- 12 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n bills submitted by governor.... 7 5\n Provisions to relate specifically\n to items of appropriation...... 7 6\n Reconsideration, passage over veto\n of items disapproved........... 4 7\n Separate bill for each\n appropriation.................. 7 6\n Specification of sums, objects\n and purposes................... 7 7\n Three-fifths quorum required\n for passing certain............ 3 23\n Two-thirds vote required,\n appropria tion for local or\n private purposes............... 3 20\n Veto of bills making, passage\n over, two-thirds vote\n required....................... 4 7\n Approval by governor before becoming\n law................................ 4 7\n ................................... 7 4,6\n Assent of majority required for\n passage in each house.............. 3 14\n Budget (see "Budget").\n Claims of state, bills releasing,\n three-fifths quorum necessary\n for passage........................ 3 23\n Creation of debt, bills, three-fifths\n quorum necessary for passage....... 3 23\n Desks of members, three day rule..... 3 14\n Enacting clause...................... 3 13\n Enactment of law by bill only........ 3 13\n Existing law not to be made\n applicable by reference,........... 3 16\n Statutory revision bills,\n exception........................ 3 21\n Failure of governor to return bill\n in time, effect.................... 4 7\n Final adjournment, approval by\n governor necessary................. 4 7\n Final passage (see "Passage" under\n "Bills").\n Form, final, requirements\n for printing....................... 3 14\n Governor, action after passage,...... 4 7\n ................................... 7 4,6\n Presentation to, before\n becoming law..................... 4 7\n Incorporation of existing law by\n reference prohibited............... 3 16\n Introduction in either house......... 3 12\n -- 13 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Journal, entry of ayes and nayes\n on final passage................... 3 14\n Law, when bill becomes............... 4 7\n Local (see "private or local bills"\n under "Bills").\n Messages required for passage,\n Appropriation bills, governor's\n message certifying to\n necessity of passage in advance\n of budget bills................ 7 5\n Local government, special laws\n affecting, Certificate of necessity\n from governor, exceptions........ 9 2(b)\n Request from chief executive officer\n and local legislative body....... 9 2(b)\n Request from local legislative\n body............................. 9 2(b)\n New York city,\n Local offices, laws affecting...... 13 13(c)\n Certificate of necessity from\n governor prohibited............ 9 2(b)\n Waiver of three day rule, governor's\n certificate of necessity for\n immediate vote................. 3 14\n Object or purpose to be stated\n in appropriation bills........... 7 7\n Origination in either house........ 3 12\n Passage (see also "Vote required\n for final passage" under "Bills"),\n Ayes and nays to be taken\n and entered on journal......... 3 14\n Conditions pre-requisite......... 3 14\n Majority vote required........... 3 14\n Message of necessity for\n immediate vote................. 3 14\n Veto, passage over, two-thirds\n vote required.................. 4 7\n Printing requirement............... 3 14\n Private or local bills (see also\n "Local Laws," "Special Laws"),\n Cases in which not authorized.... 3 17\n Not to embrace more than one\n subject to be expressed in\n title,......................... 3 15\n Statutory revision bills,\n exception...................... 3 21\n Public utilities, municipal\n ownership, limitation on\n legislative power over profits... 3 18\n Statutory revision bills free\n -- 14 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n of certain restrictions.......... 3 21\n Taxation,\n Statement of tax and\n object in tax bills............ 3 22\n Three-fifths quorum required for\n passing tax bills.............. 3 23\n Three calendar legislative days,\n requirement for placing bills\n on desks of members............ 3 14\n Three-fifths quorum necessary for\n passage of certain............. 3 23\n Time for approval by governor.... 4 7\n Veto by governor,\n Passage over veto............ 4 7\n Return to house of origin\n with objections............ 4 7\n Vote required for final passage,\n Majority vote, ordinary quorum,\n Bills generally.............. 3 14\n Concurrent resolutions, constitu-\n tional amendments.................. 19 1\n Majority vote, three-fifths quorum,\n Appropriation of public money\n or property, bills making,\n continuing or reviving......... 3 23\n Claim or demand of state,\n bills releasing, discharging or\n commuting...................... 3 23\n Debt or charge, bills creating... 3 23\n Tax, bills imposing, continuing\n or reviving...................... 3 23\n Two-thirds vote,\n Appropriations for local or\n private purposes, bills\n making......................... 3 20\n Court of appeals judges,\n concurrent resolutions removing\n from office.................... 6 23(a)\n Items of appropriations disap-\n proved, passage over veto...... 4 7\n Local governments, special\n laws affecting................. 9 2(b)\n New York city, bills relating\n to certain offices........... 13 13(c)\n Vote required for final\n passage--( Concluded)\n Two-thirds vote--(Concluded)\n Supreme court justices, concurrent\n resolutions removing from\n office........................... 6 23(a)\n -- 15 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Vetoed bills, passage on\n reconsideration.................. 4 7\nBINGO:\n Conduct authorized, subject to\n certain restrictions................... 1 9\nBLIND:\n Education and support,\n legislative authority.................. 7 8\n State institutions, not subject to\n visitation and inspection by\n board of social welfare................ 17 2\nBOARD OF SUPERVISORS (see also\n "Counties"):\n District court, may request\n legislature to establish............... 6 16(a)\n Division of county into assembly\n districts, power and duty.............. 3 5\n Election of members in city.............. 13 8\n Prohibition against private or\n local bill............................. 3 17\nBOARD OF ELECTIONS (see "Elections").\nBOARD OF REGISTRATION (see "Elections").\nBONDS (see "Debts," "Municipalities,"\n "State").\nBONUS:\n Aggregate debt........................... 7 18\n Amount................................... 7 18\n Armed forces, service.................... 7 18\n Eligibility.............................. 7 18\n Laws, what to provide.................... 7 18\n Next of kin of deceased\n veterans, eligibility.................. 7 18\n periods and places of service\n to control amount...................... 7 18\n State residence, condition pre-requisite\n to eligibility......................... 7 18\n Veterans, eligibility.................... 7 18\n World War II, service.................... 7 18\nBOOKMAKING:\n Prohibition against authorization\n or allowance........................... 1 9\nBOUNDARY WATERS:\n Bridges over, authorization by\n private or local bill.................. 3 17\nBRIBERY:\n District attorney, removal for\n failure to prosecute................... 13 13(b)\n Expenses of investigation and\n prosecution as state charge............ 13 13(b)\n -- 16 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Right of suffrage, loss upon conviction.. 2 3\nBRIDGES:\n Boundary waters, private or local\n bill for building over, authorized..... 3 17\n Private or local bill for\n building prohibited.................... 3 17\nBRONX COUNTY:\n County court,\n Abolished.............................. 6 35(a)\n Actions and proceedings, transferred\n to supreme court..................... 6 35(b)\n Appeals, where taken................... 6 35(m)\n Documents, disposal thereof............ 6 35(a)\n Judges, to be justices of supreme\n court for remainder of term.......... 6 6(d),35(b)\n Papers, disposal thereof............... 6 35(a)\n Personnel, non-judicial, assigned\n to certain courts.................... 6 35(l)\n Records, disposal thereof.............. 6 35(a)\n Seal, disposal thereof................. 6 35(a)\nBROOME COUNTY:\n Special county judge, office\n abolished, judge to be judge of\n family court for remainder\n of term................................ 6 35(g)\nBUDGET (see also "Appropriations," "Bills"):\n Amendment or supplement by\n governor............................... 7 3\n Bills,\n Alteration or amendment by\n legislature prohibited, exceptions... 7 4\n Approval by governor,\n when required........................ 7 4\n ..................................... 7 6\n Effective after passage without action\n by governor.......................... 7 4\n Legislature and judiciary\n appropriations subject to approval\n of governor.......................... 7 4\n Restriction on consideration of\n other appropriations................. 7 5\n Restriction on contents................ 7 6\n Separate bill for each appropriation,\n requirement inapplicable............. 7 6\n Specific relation to particular\n appropriation, requirement for\n provisions........................... 7 6\n Submission by governor with\n budget............................... 7 3\n Contents............................. 7 2\n -- 17 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Department estimates................. 7 1\n Department heads, duty to appear\n at hearings on request of\n legislature or committee........... 7 3\n Estimates and information required\n from department.................... 7 1\n Hearing and appearances before\n legislature or committee........... 7 3\n Hearings and attendance.............. 7 1\n Legislature and judiciary, estimates\n of needs, transmission to\n governor........................... 7 1\n Action thereon by governor......... 7 1\n Preparation and submission....... 7 2\n Revenue estimates, submission\n by governor.................... 7 2\n Legislation for revenues,\n recommendations by governor........ 7 2\n State departments,\n Estimates and information to be\n supplied by heads................ 7 1\n Hearing and attendance............. 7 1\n Submission by governor to\n legislature........................ 7 2\nBUFFALO, CITY OF:\n Improvements, debts excluded\n in computing limitation................ 8 6\nBUREAUS (see "State Boards," "State\n Bureaus").\nCANALS:\n Abandonment, prohibition against......... 15 1\n Exception, lease or transfer\n to federal government................ 15 4\n Barge canal, lease or transfer\n to federal government authorized....... 15 4\n Annual appropriation by\n state authorized..................... 15 4\n Canal lands and properties, legislature\n may authorize use by public\n thruway corporations................. 10 6\n Canal lands and properties no longer\n useful, disposition authorized....... 15 2\n Cancellation of unjust and\n oppressive contracts on\n application of contractor............ 15 3\n Contracts for work or materials,\n letting to lowest bidder,\n security required.................... 15 3\n Disposition, prohibition against....... 15 1\n Exception, lease or transfer\n -- 18 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n to federal government................ 15 4\n Extra compensation to\n contractor prohibited................ 15 3\n Federal government,\n Lease or transfer of barge\n canal to, authorization............ 15 4\n Forest lands, use for construction\n of canal reservoirs authorized....... 14 2\n General provisions relating to......... 15 1-4\n Improvement, legislature to provide.... 15 3\n Lease, prohibition against............. 15 1\n Exception, lease or transfer\n to federal government.............. 15 4\n Permits for occupancy or use\n of lands or structures, legislative\n authorization for granting........... 15 1\n Repairs, annual provision\n for expenses......................... 15 3\n Sale,\n Canal lands and properties no\n longer necessary or useful,\n authorization...................... 15 2\n Funds derived, payment into\n treasury........................... 15 2\n Prohibition against; exception....... 15 1,4\n Superintendence, annual expenses,\n legislature to provide............... 15 3\n Tolls prohibited....................... 15 3\n Unjust or oppressive contracts,\n cancellation by superintendent\n of public works...................... 15 3\nCAPITAL OR INFAMOUS CRIMES:\n Grand jury, indictment necessary\n for prosecution, exceptions............ 1 6\n Judgment of death,\n Court of appeals, jurisdiction,\n direct appeal to..................... 6 3(b)\n Jury trial, prohibition\n against waiver......................... 1 2\nCAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS:\n New York city, taxes,\n exclusion from tax limitation.......... 8 11\nCAPITAL STOCK:\n Municipalities, ownership in\n private corporation or association\n prohibited............................. 8 1\n Savings banks, prohibited................ 10 3\nCAYUGA CANAL (see also "Canals"):\n Disposition, prohibition against......... 15 1\n -- 19 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Exceptions............................... 15 2\nCENSUS (see "Federal Census").\nCERTIFICATE OF NECESSITY (see also\n "Bills," "Governor," "Legislature"):\n Governor to legislature,\n Bills, imemdiate vote on,\n facts necessitating.................. 3 14\n Immediate passage of appropriation\n bills not submitted by\n governor............................. 7 5\n Local governments, outside\n New York city, special\n laws affecting..................... 9 2(b)\n New York city, certain cases......... 13 13(c)\nCERTIFICATES OF INDEBTEDNESS (see\nalso "Municipalities," "State"):\n Buffalo, Rochester and Syracuse,\n additional debts excluded\n from debt limitation................... 8 6\n Debts excluded from\n debt limitation........................ 8 5\n Municipalities,\n Appropriations for redemption.......... 8 2\n Exclusion in computation of\n debt limitation...................... 8 5\n Real property, limitation of taxes..... 8 10\n Taxes excluded from\n tax limitation....................... 8 11\n New York city, certain additional\n indebtedness excluded from\n debt limitation........................ 8 7,7-a\nCERTIFICATION:\n Judges, certain, to\n continue service....................... 6 25(b)\nCERTIFIED QUESTIONS (see "Appeals"):\nCHAMPLAIN CANAL (see also "Canals:):\n Disposition, prohibition against......... 15 1\n Exceptions............................. 15 2\nCHANGE OF VENUE:\n Providing by private or local\n bill prohibited........................ 3 17\nCHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS(see also\n "Corporations"):\n Support, payments by local\n governments authorized................. 8 1\n Tax exemption of property................ 16 1\n Visitation and inspection................ 17 2\n Voting residence unaffected while\n confined at certain.................... 2 4\nCHARITABLE ORGANIZATIONS:\n -- 20 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Bingo or lotto, conduct by\n certain, authorized.................... 1 9\nCHARTERS:\n Banking corporations, special\n charters prohibited.................... 10 3\n Savings banks and institutions,\n conformity to general laws............. 10 3\nCHATTELS:\n Action for recovery, jurisdiction,\n County court............................. 6 11(a)\n District court........................... 6 16(d)\n New York city-wide court\n of civil jurisdiction.................. 6 15(b)\nCHAUTAUQUA COUNTY:\n Special county judge, office\n abolished, judge to be judge of\n family court for remainder of term..... 6 35(g)\nCHILDREN:\n Delinquent, neglected or dependent,\n jurisdiction of family court........... 6 13(b)(1)\n Dependent children, homes for,\n maintenance by municipalities.......... 8 1\n Education, legislature to provide,....... 11 1\n Transportation to and from\n schools, authorization............... 11 3\n Family court, jurisdiction generally..... 6 13(b-c)\n Institutions, visitation and inspection.. 17 2\n Juvenile delinquents, education and\n support................................ 7 8\n Neglected and dependent,\n Aid, care and support, legislative\n authority to provide................. 7 8\n Institutions, visitation and\n inspection........................... 17 2\n Religious persuasion to control\n adoption, guardianship, etc............ 6 32\n Services, health and welfare,\n legislature may provide,............... 7 8\n Municipalities, authority\n to provide........................... 8 1\nCHILDREN'S COURTS:\n Abolished................................ 6 35(a)\n Actions and proceedings, transferred\n to family court........................ 6 35(h)\n Appeals, where taken..................... 6 35(m)\n Documents, disposal thereof............ 6 35(a)\n Judges, to be judges of the\n family court for remainder\n of term................................ 6 35(g)\n Papers, disposal thereof................. 6 35(a)\n -- 21 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Personnel, non-judicial, assigned\n to certain courts...................... 6 35(l)\n Records, disposal hereof................. 6 35(a)\n Seal, disposal thereof................... 6 35(a)\nCITIES (see also "Municipalities"):\n Acceptance of certain offices under\n city government to vacate\n seat in legislature.................... 3 17\n Action to compel setting\n aside funds for payment\n of indebtedness........................ 8 2\n Acquisition of property, local\n laws relating thereto.................. 9 2(c)\n Adoption and amendment of\n local laws............................. 9 1(a),2(c)\n Agreements, authorization for\n certain, relating to service etc....... 9 1(c)\n Annexation of territory, procedure....... 9 1(d)\n Appointment, officers not provided\n for by constitution.................... 9 1(b)\n Appropriation for payment\n of indebtedness........................ 8 2\n Assembly districts, formation,\n City blocks not to be divided.......... 3 5\n When and by whom made................ 3 5\n Assessments, duty of legislature\n to restrict............................ 8 12\n Bingo, power to authorize................ 1 9\n Bonds,\n Ownership in private\n corporation prohibited............... 8 1\n Pension or retirement systems, serial\n bonds, exclusion from\n indebtedness......................... 8 5\n Borrowing, duty of legislature\n to restrict............................ 8 12\n Capitol improvements, New York\n City, taxes for certain,\n exclusion from tax limitation........ 8 11\n Certificate of indebtedness, exclusion\n in computing limitations............... 8 5\n Charitable institutions, payments to..... 8 1\n Claims against, power to\n adopt and amend local laws............. 9 2(c)\n Common council (see "Common Council").\n Comptroller, supervision of\n accounts of public corporations........ 10 5\n Condemnation of property................. 1 7\n ....................................... 9 1(e)\n Consent to public corporation\n -- 22 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n to contract indebtedness............... 8 3\n Contractors,\n Power to adopt and amend local\n laws for protection of employees..... 9 2(c)\n Correctional institutions,\n Authorization of indebtedness\n for maintenance...................... 8 1\n Care, support and maintenance\n of privately-operated, authorization\n of payment........................... 8 1\n County, membership of governing\n elective body not to be\n subject of local laws.................. 9 2(c)\n County wholly included in city,\n Time for election of officers.......... 13 8\n Elective governing body\n not required......................... 9 1(a)\n Indebtedness, power to contract........ 8 9\n Indebtedness of county not to\n be included in city indebtedness..... 8 9\n Court of special sessions (see\n "Court of Special Sessions").\n Dependent children, authorization of\n indebtedness for maintenance,\n care and support....................... 8 1\n Drainage systems,\n Common or excess, legislature\n may authorize........................ 8 2(a)\n Indebtedness, exclusion from\n debt limitation...................... 8 2(a)\n Revenues, restriction on use........... 8 2(a)\n Education,\n Indebtedness for, exclusion\n from debt limitation................. 8 10\n School districts, certain, tax\n limitation on real property.......... 8 10\n School system, legislative power\n unaffected by local government\n article.............................. 9 3(a)\n Tax limitation on real property........ 8 10\n Elections,\n Annexation of territory, procedure..... 9 1(d)\n Officers not provided for\n by constitution...................... 9 1(b)\n Public corporations, approval\n of certain powers.................... 10 5\n Time for election of officers.......... 13 8\n Electric utility, fair return\n on value of property................... 9 1(f)\n Eleemosynary institutions,\n -- 23 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n payment to............................. 8 1\n Eminent domain,\n Condemnation of property............... 1 7\n ..................................... 9 1(e)\n Housing, grant of power authorized..... 18 2\n Excess taking for housing purposes....... 18 8\n Employees,\n Civil service, appointments\n and promotions....................... 5 6\n Compensation, power to adapt\n and amend local laws................. 9 2(c)\n Membership in retirement system,\n benefits not to be impaired.......... 5 7\n Protection of safety and welfare....... 9 2(c)\n Veterans' preference and credits\n in civil service..................... 5 6\n Excess taking of lands, sale\n or lease............................... 9 1(e)\n ..................................... 18 8\n Exclusions, in computation of debt\n and tax limitation..................... 8 5,11\n Existing laws, continuance............... 9 3(b)\n Existing powers as to local laws......... 9 2(c)\n Expenditures, certain, exclusion\n from debt limitations.................. 8 11\n Family homes, authorization of\n indebtedness for maintenance\n of needy children therein.............. 8 1\n Firefighters, retired, pensions\n may be increased....................... 8 1\n Fiscal Officers,\n Exclusion of indebtedness from\n tax limitation, determination........ 8 11\n Payment of indebtedness................ 8 2\n Gas utility, fair return on\n value of property.................... 9 1(f)\n Gifts of moneys or credit for\n private purposes prohibited.......... 8 1\n Governmental functions, apportionment\n of costs, authorization.............. 9 1(g)\n Health,\n Protection of employees, local\n laws affecting....................... 9 2(c)\n Services for children, indebtedness.... 8 1\n Hours of labor,\n Amendment or repeal of certain laws.... 9 2(c)\n Power to adopt and amend local laws.... 9 2(c)\n Regulation by legislature.............. 13 14\n Housing (see "Housing").\n Indebtedness,\n -- 24 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Conditions for refunding............. 8 2\n County lying within, cessation\n of county's power to contract...... 8 9\n County indebtedness not\n included in city's................. 8 9\n Debts excluded in computing\n limitations........................ 8 2(a),5,7(a)\n ................................... 18 4,5\n Education purposes, certain\n cities, exclusion.................. 8 4\n Housing,\n Debts, exclusion of liability\n for repayment of certain loans....... 18 5\n Limitation............................. 18 4\n Public corporations, liability for\n repayment of state loans............. 18 5\n Legislative power to limit............. 8 12\n Limitations on......................... 8 2,4\n Needy, authorization for support....... 8 1\n Nursing homes--(see "Nursing Homes")\n Period for which contracted............ 8 2\n Prior valid indebtedness unaffected.... 8 8\n Prohibitation against giving\n or loaning credit.................... 8 1\n Public corporations, inclusion\n of indebtedness...................... 8 3\n Restrictions........................... 8 2,4\n School districts, certain, exclusion... 8 4\n Sewage facilities, exclusion of\n indebtedness from limitation......... 8 2-a,5\n Inferior courts (see "Inferior Courts").\n Joint municipal facilities or services\n Agreements, power to make.............. 9 1(c)\n Cost, apportionment thereof............ 9 1(c)\n Indebtedness, joint or several,\n may be contracted therefor........... 8 1\n Municipalities may join\n together to provide.................. 8 1\n Taxes and charges may be\n imposed therefor..................... 8 1\n Justices of the peace (see "Justices\n of the Peace").\n Legislation to apply alike to\n all cities............................. 9 2(b)\n Legislative body,\n Adoption and amendment of\n local laws........................... 9 1(a)\n Composition and membership, local\n laws to provide therefor............. 9 2(c)\n Request to legislature for\n -- 25 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n passage of special laws.............. 9 2(b)\n Legislators ineligible for certain\n civil appointments..................... 3 7\n Legislature may confer and\n withdraw powers........................ 9 2(b)\n Loans,\n Legislature to restrict powers......... 8 12\n Money or credit, private\n purposes prohibited.................. 8 1\n Loans of credit, legislature\n to restrict powers..................... 8 12\n Local laws, power to adopt and amend..... 9 1(a),2(c)\n Lotto, power to authorize................ 1 9\n Magistrate's courts, abolished........... 6 35(a)\n Municipalities (see "Municipalities").\n New York City (see "New York City").\n Officers,\n Appointment and removal................ 9 2(c)\n Compensation, power to fix............. 9 2(c)\n Election............................... 13 8\n Local laws concerning,\n power to adopt....................... 9 1(a)\n Organization, legislature to provide..... 9 2(a)\n Orphan asylums, authorization\n for maintenance........................ 8 1\n Pension or retirement system,\n bonds, exclusion from debt\n limitation............................. 8 5\n Pledge of faith and credit,\n Low rent housing projects.............. 18 4\n Payment of indebtedness................ 8 2\n Police officers, retired, pensions\n may be increased..................... 8 1\n Political subdivisions (see "Political\n Subdivisions").\n Poor, authorization of indebtedness\n for support............................ 8 1\n Populations for registration\n purposes, latest census\n controlling, exception................. 2 5\n Private agencies, payments to............ 8 1\n Private property, taking for\n public use............................. 1 7\n ....................................... 9 1(e)\n Property, affairs and government,\n Legislature, restrictions.............. 9 2(b)\n Power to adopt and amend\n local laws affecting................. 9 2(c)\n Authorization for local law\n not affecting...................... 9 2(a)\n -- 26 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Public corporations,\n Creation of indebtedness prohibited\n without consent of city.............. 8 3\n Real estate subject to\n taxes and assessments................ 8 3\n State loans thereto, liability of\n city................................. 18 5\n Supervision of accounts by\n comptroller.......................... 10 5\n Public improvements,\n Exclusion of indebtedness in\n computing debt limitations .......... 8 5\n Revenues of certain, application\n and use.............................. 8 10-a\n Water supply, restrictions\n inapplicable......................... 8 10-a\n Public officers,\n Election and term...................... 9 2(c)\n Salary, compensation or working\n conditions, local law affecting...... 9 2(c)\n Public works, hours and wages.......... 1 17\n ..................................... 13 14\n Real estate taxes,\n Education purposes, exclusion from\n limitation in certain cities......... 8 10\n Limitation on amount................... 8 10\n Reformatory institutions, payments to.... 8 1\n Refunding indebtedness, conditions....... 8 2\n Registration of voters,\n Permanent system, authorization........ 2 6\n Qualifications......................... 2 5\n Request to legislature for passage\n of special laws........................ 9 2(c)\n Retirement systems,\n Bonds, exclusion from\n debt limitation...................... 8 5\n Local laws affecting certain,\n prohibited........................... 9 3(a)\n Revenue producing service, exclusion\n of indebtedness from limitation........ 8 5\n Safety, protection of employees,\n adoption of local laws................. 9 2(c)\n Salaries of employees, etc.,\n Power to adopt and amend\n local laws........................... 9 2(c)\n Regulation by legislature.............. 13 14\n Sale or lease of excess lands............ 9 1(e)\n School districts, indebtedness,\n exclusion from debt\n limitation of certain.................. 8 4\n -- 27 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Schools and school systems,\n legislative power...................... 9 3(a)\n Senate districts, formation,\n blocks not to be divided............... 3 4\n Services, joint or cooperative,\n contracts.............................. 9 1(c)\n Sewage facilities, exclusion of\n indebtedness from debt limitation...... 8 2-a,5\n Sewage systems,\n Common or excess, legislature\n may authorize........................ 8 2-a\n Indebtedness, exclusion from\n debt limitation...................... 8 2-a\n Revenues, restrictions on use.......... 8 2-a\n Special elections, public corporations,\n approval of grant of\n certain powers......................... 10 5\n Special laws prohibited, legislature\n to pass general laws, exception........ 9 2(b)\n Stocks, ownership in private\n corporations prohibited................ 8 1\n Streets, power to adopt and\n amend local laws....................... 9 2(c)\n Subcontractors, employees, thereof,\n laws for protection.................... 9 2(c)\n ..................................... 13 14\n Taxes,\n Amount to be raised by\n real estate, limited................. 8 10\n Exclusion of certain expenditures.... 8 11\n Capital expenditures, exclusion\n from tax limitation.................. 8 11\n Education purposes, exclusion\n from tax limitation.................. 8 10\n Expenditures, certain, exclusion\n from tax limitation.................. 8 11\n Legislative power to limit............. 8 12\n Power to adopt and\n amend local laws..................... 9 2(c)\n Real property, limitation\n on taxation.......................... 8 10-12\n Valuation limiting indebtedness........ 8 4\n Terms of office, power to adopt\n and amend local laws................... 9 2(c)\n Transfer of function and duties,\n Alternative form of county\n government, election................. 9 1(h)\n Legislature may provide therefor....... 9 1(h)\n Transit facilities, power to\n enact local laws....................... 9 2(c)\n -- 28 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Utilities, public, fair returns\n on value of property................... 9 1(f)\n Wages of employees, etc.,\n Adoption and amendment of local laws... 9 2(c)\n Regulation by legislature.............. 13 14\n Water Supply,\n Common or excess, legislature\n may authorize........................ 8 2-a\n Indebtedness, exclusion from\n limitation........................... 8 2\n Revenues, restrictions on\n use inapplicable..................... 8 10-a\n Water, public utility, fair return\n on value of property................... 9 1(f)\n Welfare services for children,\n authorization.......................... 8 1\n Working conditions of employees, etc.,\n Local laws may provide therefor........ 9 2(c)\n Regulation by legislature.............. 13 14\nCITIZENS:\n Bill of rights........................... 1 1-18\n Disfranchisement prohibited, exception... 1 1\n Religious worship, right guaranteed...... 1 3\n Rights and privileges guaranteed,\n exception.............................. 1 1\n Speech and press, liberty of............. 1 8\n Voters, qualifications................... 2 1\nCITIZENSHIP (see specific offices).\n CITY COMPTROLLER:\n Public corporation, supervision of\n accounts............................... 10 5\nCITY COURT, NEW YORK CITY:\n Abolished................................ 6 35(a)\n Actions and proceedings, transferred\n to city-wide court of civil\n jurisdiction........................... 6 35(e)\n Appeals, where taken..................... 6 35(m)\n Documents, disposal thereof.............. 6 35(a)\n Judges, to be judges of city-wide court\n of civil jurisdiction for remainder\n of term................................ 6 35(c)\n Papers, disposal thereof................. 6 35(a)\n Personnel, non-judicial, assigned to\n certain courts......................... 6 35(1)\n Records, disposal thereof................ 6 35(a)\n Seal, disposal thereof................... 6 35(a)\nCITY COURTS, OUTSIDE CITY OF NEW YORK:\n Actions and proceedings,\n County courts, concurrent\n jurisdiction......................... 6 11(a)\n -- 29 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Transfer therefrom..................... 6 19(c,i)\n Appeals,\n Appellate term......................... 6 8(e), 11(d),\n ..................................... 35(m)\n County court........................... 6 11(d), 35(m)\n Continuation........................... 6 17(a)\n County courts,\n Actions and proceedings,\n Concurrent jurisdiction............ 6 11(a)\n Transfer thereto................... 6 19(c)\n Appeals.............................. 6 11(d)\n Court system of state, unified,\n included therein..................... 6 1(a)\n Discontinuance, power of legislature... 6 17(b)\n Expenses of court...................... 6 29(a-d)\n Judgment or order, appeals to\n county court......................... 6 11(d)\n Judges (see also "Judges and Justices"),\n Assignment, temporary................ 6 26(j)\n Classification....................... 6 17(d)\n Duties............................... 6 17(d)\n Number............................... 6 17(d)\n Qualifications....................... 6 20(c)\n Removal for cause.................... 6 22(i)\n Restrictions......................... 6 20(c)\n Retirement for disability............ 6 22(i)\n Selection............................ 6 17(d)\n Terms................................ 6 17(d)\n Vacancies, method of filling......... 6 17(d)\n Jurisdiction........................... 6 17(a)\n Mandates, service and execution........ 6 1(c)\n Practice and procedure................. 6 17(b)\n Processes, service and execution....... 6 1(c)\n Regulation............................. 6 17(b)\n Supreme court may transfer actions or\n proceedings pending therein to\n county court......................... 6 19(c)\n Warrants, service and execution........ 6 1(c)\nCITY ELECTIONS (see "Cities," "Elections").\nCITY OF NEW YORK (see "Cities," "New York\n City")\nCITY-WIDE COURTS, NEW YORK CITY:\n Civil jurisdiction,\n Actions and proceedings,\n Abolished courts, transfer therefrom. 6 35(e)\n Transfer therefrom, to certain\n courts............................. 6 19(f,h)\n Transfer thereto, from certain\n courts............................. 6 19(d,e)\n City court of the city of New York\n -- 30 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n abolished, actions and proceedings\n transferred therefrom.................. 6 35(e)\n Counterclaims, jurisdiction to enter\n judgment, unlimited.................. 6 15(b)\n Court of record........................ 6 1(b)\n Court system of state, unified,\n included therein................... 6 1(a)\n Establishment, duty of legislature..... 6 1(a), 15(a)\n Equity jurisdiction, as provided by law 6 15(b)\n Expenses of court...................... 6 29(a-d)\n Judges,\n Age limit............................ 6 25(b)\n Armed forces, eligibility to serve... 6 20(b)(1)\n Assignment, temporary,\n From certain courts................ 6 26(c,e,f,h)\n To certain courts.................. 6 26(g)\n City court of the city of New York\n abolished, judges to be judges of\n city-wide court of civil\n jurisdiction for remainder of terms.... 6 35(c)\n Compensation............................. 6 25(a)\n Constitutional convention,\n eligibility to serve................... 6 20(b)(1)\n Duties................................. 6 26(g)\n Election............................... 6 15(a)\n Eligibility............................ 6 20(a)\n Law, prohibition against practice...... 6 20(b)(4)\n Military service permitted............. 6 20(b)(1)\n Municipal court of the city of New\n York abolished, judges to be judges\n of city-wide court of civil\n jurisdiction for remainder of terms.. 6 35(c)\n Number................................. 6 15(a)\n Political organization, prohibition\n against holding office therein....... 6 20(b)(3)\n Public office, prohibition against\n holding.............................. 6 20(b)(1)\n Qualifications......................... 6 20(a)\n Removal for cause,\n Appellate division................... 6 22(i)\n Senate, on recommendation of\n governor............................. 6 23(b)\n Residence in New York city required.... 6 15(a)\n Restrictions........................... 6 20(b)(1-4)\n Retirement,\n Age.................................. 6 25(b)\n Disability........................... 6 22(i)\n Term................................. 6 15(a)\n Vacancies.............................. 6 21(c)\n Jurisdiction and powers.............. 6 15(b)\n -- 31 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Local legislative body and mayor\n may request merger with city-wide\n court of criminal jurisdiction..... 6 1(a),15(a)\n Mandates, service and execution...... 6 1(c)\n Mayor and local legislative body may\n request merger with city-wide\n court of criminal jurisdiction..... 6 1(a),15(a)\n Merger with city-wide court of\n criminal jurisdiction authorized.... 6 1(a),15(a)\n Municipal Court of the city of\n New York abolished, actions and\n proceedings, transferred\n therefrom.......................... 6 35(e)\n Processes, service and execution..... 6 1(c)\n Warrants, service and execution.... 6 1(c)\n Criminal jurisdiction,\n Actions and proceedings,\n Abolished courts, transfer therefrom... 6 35(f)\n Transfer therefrom, to certain courts 6 19(f,h)\n Transfer thereto, from certain courts 6 19(d,e)\n Court of record........................ 6 1(b)\n Court system of state, unified, included\n therein.............................. 6 1(a)\n Establishment, duty of legislature..... 6 1(a),15(a)\n Expenses of court...................... 6 29(a-d)\n Judges,\n Age limit............................ 6 25(b)\n Appointment, by mayor................ 6 15(a)\n Armed forces, eligibility to serve... 6 20(b)(1)\n Assignment, temporary,\n From certain courts................ 6 26(c,e,f,h)\n To certain courts.................. 6 26(g)\n Compensation......................... 6 25(a)\n Constitutional convention,\n eligibility to serve............... 6 20(b)(1)\n Court of special sessions of the city\n of New York abolished, judges to be\n judges of city-wide court of\n criminal jurisdiction for\n remainder of terms................. 6 35(d)\n Duties............................... 6 26(g)\n Eligibility.......................... 6 20(a)\n Law, prohibition against practice.... 6 20(b)(4)\n Magistrates' courts of the city of\n New York abolished, judges to be\n judges of city-wide court of\n criminal jurisdiction for\n remainder of terms............... 6 35(d)\n Military service, permitted.......... 6 20(b)(1)\n Number............................... 6 15(a)\n -- 32 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Political organization, prohibition\n against holding office therein..... 6 20(b)(3)\n Public office, prohibition against\n holding............................ 6 20(b)(1)\n Qualifications....................... 6 20(a)\n Removal for cause,\n Appellate division................. 6 22(i)\n Senate............................. 6 23(b)\n Residence in New York city required.. 6 15(a)\n Restrictions......................... 6 20(b)(1-4)\n Retirement,\n Age................................ 6 25(b)\n Disability......................... 6 22(i)\n Terms................................ 6 15(a)\n Vacancies............................ 6 21(c)\n Jurisdiction........................... 6 15(c)\n Local legislative body and mayor may\n request merger with city-wide court\n of civil jurisdiction................ 6 1(a), 15(a)\n Magistrates' courts of the city of New\n York abolished, actions and\n proceedings, transferred therefrom... 6 35(f)\n Mandates, service and execution........ 6 1(c)\n Mayor and local legislative body may\n request merger with city-wide court\n of civil jurisdiction................ 6 1(a), 15(a)\n Merger with city-wide court of civil\n jurisdiction, authorized............. 6 1(a), 15(a)\n Processes, service and execution....... 6 1(c)\n Special sessions court of the city of\n New York abolished, actions and\n proceedings, transferred therefrom... 6 35(f)\n Warrants, service and execution........ 6 1(c)\nCIVIL ACTIONS:\n Appeals, court of appeals, jurisdiction.. 6 3(a)\n Change of venue by private or local\n bill prohibited........................ 3 17\n Due process of law guaranteed............ 1 6\n Jury trial,\n Guaranty............................... 1 2\n Verdict by five-sixths jury,\n authorization........................ 1 2\n Waiver................................. 1 2\nCIVIL DEPARTMENTS OF STATE (see also\n "State Departments", and specific\n state departments):\n Consolidation by legislature............. 5 3\n Division of state government............. 5 2\n General provisions....................... 5 1-7\n Heads of departments..................... 5 4\n -- 33 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Names thereof may be changed by\n legislature............................ 5 2\n Number thereof not to exceed twenty...... 5 2\n Powers, increase, modification or\n diminution............................. 5 3\n Reduction of number by legislature....... 5 3\nCIVIL DIVISIONS OF STATE (see also\n specific titles):\n Acquisition of properties of public\n corporation............................ 10 5\n Employees,\n Civil service appointments and\n promotions........................... 5 6\n Membership in retirement system,\n benefits not to be impaired.......... 5 7\n Veterans, preference................... 5 6\n Welfare and safety..................... 13 14\n Municipalities (see "Municipalities").\n Political subdivisions (see "Political\n Subdivisions").\n Public corporations, non-liability on\n obligations............................ 10 5\nCIVIL RIGHTS:\n Discrimination on account of race,\n color, etc. prohibited................. 1 11\nCIVIL SERVICE:\n Appointments and promotions.............. 5 6\n Constitutional provisions, legislature\n to enact laws for enforcement.......... 5 6\n Membership in pension systems, benefits\n not to be impaired..................... 5 7\n Preferences and credits of veterans and\n disabled veterans...................... 5 6\nCIVIL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF:\n Head of department, appointment and\n removal................................ 5 4\nCLAIMS AGAINST STATE (see also "Court of\n Claims"):\n Allowance and payment.................... 3 19\n Audit or allowance not to be made by\n legislature............................ 3 19\n Barred by lapse of time, allowance\n prohibited............................. 3 19\n Bills releasing etc., three-fifths\n quorum required........................ 3 23\n Claimants under legal disability, time\n for filing............................. 3 19\n Claims duly presented, effect of\n constitutional provision............... 3 19\n -- 34 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Manner of trial, actions and proceedings. 6 18(b)\nCLERK OF COUNTIES (see "Counties,"\n "County Clerks").\nCLERKS OF COURT (see also specific courts):\n County clerks to be clerks of supreme\n court.................................. 6 6(e)\n Court of appeals, appointment and removal 6 2(a)\n Supreme court,\n Appellate divisions, appointment and\n removal.............................. 6 4(i)\n Court clerks to be clerks thereof...... 6 6(e)\n New York city, counties in, power of\n county clerks........................ 9 5\nCOLLECTIVE BARGAINING:\n Labor, right of.......................... 1 17\nCOLONY OF NEW YORK:\n Congress, resolutions constituting law\n of state............................... 1 14\n Law of state, legislative acts, parts\n constituting........................... 1 14\nCOLOR:\n Discrimination in civil rights prohibited 1 11\nCOMMERCE:\n Labor of human beings not commodity\n nor article of......................... 1 17\nCOMMERCE, DEPARTMENT OF:\n Head, appointment and removal............ 5 4\nCOMMISSIONER OF DEEDS:\n Member of legislature, no disqual-\n ification for appointment.............. 3 7\nCOMMISSIONER OF EDUCATION (see also\n "Education, Department of"):\n Appointment and removal.................. 5 4\nCOMMISSIONS (see "State Commissions").\nCOMMODITY:\n Labor of human beings not to be\n considered............................. 1 17\nCOMMON COUNCIL:\n Division of certain counties into\n assembly districts..................... 3 5\nCOMMON LAW:\n Continuance, exception................... 1 14\n Law of state, parts constituting......... 1 14\nCOMMON SCHOOLS (see "Education,"\n "Schools").\nCOMMUNICATIONS:\n Interceptions, warrants.................. 1 12\n Telephone and telegraph, freedom\n against unreasonable interceptions..... 1 12\nCOMMUTATIONS OF SENTENCES:\n -- 35 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Communication of each case to\n legislature by governor................ 4 4\n Governor, power to grant, exceptions..... 4 4\n Treason, power of legislature to grant\n after conviction....................... 4 4\nCOMPENSATION (see also specific officers):\n Assembly members......................... 3 6\n Constitutional convention, delegates..... 19 2\n Constitutional officers,\n Establishment by law, where not fixed\n by constitution...................... 13 7\n Fees and other perquisites of office,\n not to receive....................... 13 7\n Increase or decrease during term\n prohibited........................... 13 7\n State officers, fixed salary, not to\n receive additional compensation...... 13 7\n Court on the judiciary, members, no\n additional............................. 6 22(h)\n Eminent domain (see "Eminent Domain").\n Governor................................. 4 3\n Judges and justices, certain, establish-\n ment by law............................ 6 25(a)\n Not to be diminished during term....... 6 25(a)\n Judicial officers, retired for disability,\n right to receive....................... 6 22(c)\n Lieutenant-governor...................... 4 6\n Private property, when taken for\n public use............................. 1 7\n Public employees......................... 9 2(c)\n ....................................... 13 14\n Public officers,\n Taxation, subject to................... 16 5\n Senators................................. 3 6\n State officers, not to be changed\n during term............................ 13 7\nCOMPTROLLER (see "City Comptroller,"\n "State Comptroller").\nCONDEMNATION (see "Eminent Domain").\n CONSCIENCE, LIBERTY OF:\n Guaranty................................. 1 3\nCONSERVATION:\n Forest preserve lands,\n Arietta, town of, exchange............. 14 1\n Exchange of certain, authorized........ 14 1\n Federal aid interstate highway, use of\n portion authorized................... 14 1\n Lease or sale prohibited............... 14 1\n Prohibitions not to apply to certain\n counties............................. 14 3\n -- 36 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Reservoirs............................. 14 2\n Saranac Lake, village of, exchange..... 14 1\n State construction, authorization of\n certain.............................. 14 1\n Timber not to be cut or removed........ 14 1\n General provisions relating to........... 14 1-4\n Legislature, acquisition of land or\n forest and wild life conservation...... 14 3\n Violations, restrain, injunction......... 14 4\n Wild life and reforestation, state policy 14 3\nCONSERVATION, DEPARTMENT OF:\n Head, appointment and removal............ 5 4\nCONSTITUTION:\n Common law, repugnant colonial and\n statutury laws and resolutions\n abrogated.............................. 1 14\n Effective date........................... 20 1\n Employees, health and safety, legisla-\n tive power to enact laws unlimited..... 1 18\n Preamble.................................\n Workers' compensation, legislative\n power to enact laws unaffected......... 1 18\nCONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS (see also\n "Constitutional Convention"):\n Approval by people, when to become\n effective.............................. 19 1\n Assembly, proposal....................... 19 1\n Attorney-general, opinion as to effect of\n proposal............................... 19 1\n Failure to give opinion not to affect\n validity............................. 19 1\n Coincidental submission by convention\n and legislature........................ 19 3\n Convention for revision and amendment,\n Delegates, compensation, expenses\n and election......................... 19 2\n Employees and assistants............... 19 2\n Place of holding....................... 19 2\n Powers................................. 19 2\n Provision for.......................... 19 2\n Quorum................................. 19 2\n Senate districts, election\n of delegates........................... 9 2\n Vacancy................................ 19 2\n Election,\n Submission,\n Amendment or revision................ 19 2\n Question of holding convention....... 19 2\n Future constitutional conventions........ 19 2\n Legislature, action by................... 19 1\n -- 37 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Proposal, publication.................... 19 1\n Senate, proposal......................... 19 1\n Submission to people for approval........ 19 1\n Time for taking effect................... 19 1,2\nCONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION (see also\n "Constitutional Amendments"):\n Amendments, coincidental submission by\n convention and legislature, effect..... 19 3\n Delegates, election, compensation,\n expenses............................... 19 2\n Employee and assistants.................. 19 2\n Future conventions, submission of\n question............................... 19 2\n Judges and justices, eligibility for\n service as members..................... 6 20(b)(1)\n Submission to people of amendments\n proposed............................... 19 2\n Time and place for holding............... 19 2\n Vacancy in membership, how filled........ 19 2\nCONTRACTORS:\n Employees,\n Local governments, power to enact local\n laws for protection.................. 9 2(c)\n Safety and welfare, legislative power.. 13 14\nCONTRIBUTIONS:\n New York city sinking fund, payment of\n indebtedness........................... 8 2\n State sinking funds...................... 7 15\n Appropriations......................... 7 16\nCONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE:\n Workers' compensation for injuries\n without regard to, exceptions.......... 1 18\nCONVENTION (see "Constitutional\n Amendments" and "Constitutional\n Convention").\nCONVENTION OF STATE OF NEW YORK:\n Resolutions constituting law of state.... 1 14\nCONVICTS (see also "Prisons"):\n Contract system of labor abolished....... 3 24\n Maintenance and support, legislature to\n provide................................ 17 5\n Occupation and employment, legislature\n to provide............................. 3 24\nCORPORATIONS (see also "Public\n Corporations"):\n Actions, right to sue, subject to suit... 10 4\n Alteration or repeal of general or\n special laws authorized................ 10 1\n Definition............................... 10 4\n Dues, how secured........................ 10 2\n -- 38 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Exclusive privilege or franchise not to\n be granted by private or local bill.... 3 17\n Exemption from taxation by private or\n local bill prohibited.................. 3 17\n Formation, special acts prohibited,\n exception.............................. 10 1\n General provisions relating to........... 10 1-6\n Joint stock companies, inclusion in\n definition............................. 10 4\n Low rent housing,\n Grant of power of eminent domain\n authorized........................... 18 2\n Loans authorized....................... 18 2\n Repayment of state debts therefor in\n equal annual amounts................. 18 3\n Nursing homes, accommodations for persons\n of low income, loans authorized........ 18 2\n Railroad tracks, right to lay down, not\n to be granted by private or local bill. 3 17\n Savings banks (see "Savings Banks").\n Special laws, not to be created by,\n exception.............................. 10 1\n Stocks and bonds, ownership by\n municipalities prohibited.............. 8 1\n Taxation, discrimination against\n corporations organized under federal\n laws prohibited........................ 16 4\nCORRECTION, DEPARTMENT OF:\n Head of department,\n Appointment and removal................ 5 4\n Chairperson, state commission of\n correction........................... 17 5\nCORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS (see also\n "Prisons," "Reformatories"):\n Municipalities, authorization of\n indebtedness for maintenance........... 8 1\n State board of social welfare,\n visitation and inspection.............. 17 2\nCOUNCIL (see "Common Council").\nCOUNSEL (see "Criminal Actions").\nCOUNTERCLAIM:\n City-wide court of civil jurisdiction,\n New York city, jurisdiction unlimited.. 6 15(b)\n County courts, jurisdiction unlimited.... 6 11(c)\nCOUNTIES (see also "Municipalities"):\n Abolition of offices, alternative form of\n government may provide................. 9 2(h)\n Action to compel setting apart of\n revenues for payment of indebtedness... 8 2\n Acquisition of property, local laws\n -- 39 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n relating thereto....................... 9 2(c)\n Additional surrogate, legislature may\n provide................................ 6 12(a)\n Adoption and amendment of local laws..... 9 1(a), 2(c)\n Agreements, authorization for certain\n relating to services, etc.............. 9 1(c)\n Alternative form of government,\n Abolition of units of government....... 9 1(h)\n Certain changes subject to local\n referendum........................... 9 1(h)\n Effective date of certain acts of\n legislature.......................... 9 1(h)\n Elective body, changes in form or\n composition.......................... 9 1(h)\n Elective officers...................... 9 1(h)\n Functions of local governments,\n transfer............................. 9 1(h)\n Local option........................... 9 1(h)\n Provision by legislature, exception.... 9 1(h)\n Structure and manner of functioning.... 9 1(h)\n Transfer of local government functions,\n when effective....................... 9 1(h)\n Voting or veto power changes........... 9 1(h)\n When to become operative............... 9 1(h)\n Annexation of territory, procedure....... 9 1(d)\n Appointment, officers not provided for by\n constitution........................... 9 1(b)\n Appropriations, payment of interest and\n amortization on indebtedness........... 8 2\n Assembly districts, formation, when and\n by whom made........................... 3 5\n Assembly member, each county entitled\n to one, exception...................... 3 5\n Assembly member, apportionment........... 3 5\n Assessments, duty of legislature to\n restrict............................... 8 12\n Board of supervisors,\n Division of county into assembly\n district............................. 3 5\n Election of members by private or\n local bill prohibited................ 3 17\n Bonds,\n Ownership in private corporation or\n association prohibited............... 8 1\n Pension or retirement system, serial\n bonds, exclusion from indebtedness... 8 5\n Borrowing, duty of legislature to\n restrict............................... 8 12\n Bribery, expenses of investigation or\n prosecution............................ 13 13(b)\n -- 40 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Capital improvements, taxes, exclusion\n from tax limitation.................... 8 11\n Certificates of indebtedness, exclusion\n from debt limitation................... 8 5\n Charitable institutions, payments to..... 8 1\n City including county, powers of local\n government vested in city.............. 9 2(c)\n Civil service............................ 5 6\n Claims against, power to adopt and amend\n local laws............................. 9 2(c)\n Clerks of counties (see also "County\n Clerks"),\n Grand and petit jurors, powers\n governing............................ 13 13(a)\n Powers and duties as clerks of\n supreme court........................ 6 6(e)\n Supreme court, to be clerks............ 6 6(e)\n Term of office......................... 13 13(a)\n Condemnation of property................. 1 7\n ....................................... 9 1(e)\n Contractors, power to adopt and amend\n local laws for protection of\n employees.............................. 9 2(c)\n Safety and welfare of employees,\n regulation by legislature............ 13 14\n Correctional institutions (see also\n "Correctional Institutions"),\n Authorization of indebtedness for\n maintenance.......................... 8 1\n Privately-operated, public funds....... 8 1\n County courts (see "County Courts").\n County judges (see "County Courts").\n County officers, manner of choosing when\n not provided by constitution........... 9 1(b)\n County seat, locating or changing by\n private or local bill prohibited....... 3 17\n Dependent children, maintenance,\n indebtedness........................... 8 1\n District attorney (see "District\n Attorney").\n Division by legislature, power unaffected\n by restrictions on creation of assembly\n districts.............................. 3 5\n Drainage systems,\n Common or excess, legislature may\n authorize............................ 8 2(a)\n Indebtedness, exclusion from debt\n limitation........................... 8 2(a)\n Revenues, restrictions on use.......... 8 2(a)\n Education, authorization of indebtedness. 8 1\n -- 41 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Elections (see also "Elections"),\n Alternative form of county government.. 9 1(h)\n County included in city................ 13 8\n Officers in county included in city.... 13 8\n Time for election.................... 13 8\n Electric utility, fair return on value\n of property............................ 9 1(b)\n Eleemosynary institutions, payments to... 8 1\n Eminent domain, authorization............ 9 1(e)\n Employees,\n Civil service appointments and\n promotions........................... 5 6\n Legislature may protect safety and\n welfare.............................. 13 14\n Membership in retirement system,\n benefits not to be impaired.......... 5 7\n Veterans' preferences and credits in\n civil service........................ 5 6\n Erection of new, prohibition against,\n exception.............................. 3 5\n Evidence of indebtedness, exclusion in\n computation of tax limitations......... 8 5\n Excess taking of lands, sale or lease.... 9 1(e)\n Executive officer, consent for enactment\n by legislature of local laws, when not\n required............................... 9 2(b)\n Expenditures, certain, exclusion from\n tax limitation......................... 8 11\n Family homes, maintenance, authorization\n for indebtedness....................... 8 1\n Finance (see also "Indebtedness" under\n "Counties"),\n Fire fighters, retired, pensions may be\n increased.............................. 8 1\n Fiscal officer, payment of indebtedness\n setting apart money.................... 8 2\n Form of government, legislature to\n provide................................ 9 1(h)\n Formation of senate district, prohibition\n against division, exception............ 3 4\n Gas utility, fair return on value of\n property............................... 9 1(f)\n Gift of money or credit for private\n purposes prohibited.................... 8 1\n Governmental function, apportionment of\n costs, authorization................... 9 1(g)\n Governor, certificate of necessity to\n legislature for enactment of local laws 9 2(b)\n Health service for children, indebtedness 8 1\n Hours of labor, power to regulate by\n -- 42 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n local law.............................. 9 2(c)\n Improvement districts,\n Creation, authorization................ 8 3\n Indebtedness, inclusion and exclusion\n in computing limitation................ 8 3\n Indebtedness,\n Advances to town or school district for\n unpaid taxes, authorization.......... 8 1\n Authorization for support of needy..... 8 1\n County lying within,\n Cessation of power to contract....... 8 9\n Exclusion from city indebtedness..... 8 9\n Debts excluded in computing limitation. 8 5\n Legislative power to limit............. 8 12\n Limitations............................ 8 2,4\n Period for which contracted............ 8 2\n Prior valid, unaffected by constitution 8 8\n Joint municipal facilities or services,\n Municipalities may join together to\n provide.............................. 8 1\n Indebtedness, joint or several, may be\n contracted therefor.................. 8 1\n Taxes and charges may be imposed\n therefor............................. 8 1\n Laws to be general, exceptions........... 9 2(b)\n Legislative power over (see "Power to\n Legislature" under "Counties"),\n Legislature to provide alternative forms\n of government.......................... 9 1(h)\n Loans,\n Money or credit for private purposes\n prohibited........................... 8 1\n Villages in anticipation of taxes,\n authorization........................ 16 2\n Local laws,\n Enactment upon certificate of necessity 9 2(b)\n Executive officer, effect of\n disapproval or failure to sign\n request............................ 9 2(b)\n Restrictions........................... 9 2(c)\n New York City,\n Abolition of county offices............ 13 13(c)\n Assignment of functions on abolition\n of office............................ 13 13(c)\n District attorney, election and removal 13 13(a)\n Election of officers................... 13 8\n Legislative power over................. 13 13(c)\n Term of office of certain county\n officers............................. 13 13(a)\n Transfer of functions to city officers,\n -- 43 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n etc.................................. 13 13(c)\n Officers (see also "Public Officers"),\n Compensation, power to fix by local law 9 2(c)\n Counties in city of New York, abolition\n of offices........................... 13 13(c)\n Election,\n Counties included in city, time...... 13 8\n Not provided for by constitution..... 9 1(b)\n Term and time of certain............. 13 8\n Removal by governor of certain......... 13 13(a)\n Organization and government, legislature\n to provide............................. 9 2(a)\n Orphan asylums, maintenance, authorization\n of indebtedness........................ 8 1\n Pension systems, bonds, exclusion from\n debt limitation........................ 8 5\n Pledge of faith and credit for payment\n of indebtedness........................ 8 2\n Improvement district................... 8 3\n Police officers, retired, pensions may\n be increased........................... 8 1\n Poor, support, authorization of\n indebtedness........................... 8 1\n Private agencies, payment to............. 8 1\n Private property, taking for public use.. 1 7\n ....................................... 9 1(e)\n Property affairs and government,\n Legislature, restrictions.............. 9 2(b)\n Power to adopt and amend local law\n affecting............................ 9 2(c)\n Authorization for local laws not\n affecting.......................... 9 2(c)\n Property, sale or lease of excess lands.. 9 1(e)\n Public improvements and services,\n Exclusion of indebtedness in computing\n debt limitation...................... 8 5\n Revenues of certain, application\n and use.............................. 8 10(a)\n Water supply, restrictions\n inapplicable......................... 8 10(a)\n Public officers (see "Officers" under\n "Counties"),\n Public work, hours and wages.............. 1 17\n ...................................... 13 14\n Reformatory institutions, payments to.... 8 1\n Refunding indebtedness, conditions....... 8 2\n Register (see "County Registers"),\n Request to legislature for passage of\n special laws........................... 9 2(c)\n Retirement system, bonds, exclusion from\n -- 44 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n debt limitation........................ 8 5\n Revenue producing service, exclusion\n from debt limitation................... 8 5\n Senate districts, counties comprising.... 3 3\n Senators, additional, limitations on\n number................................. 3 4\n Services, joint or cooperative, contracts 9 1(c)\n Sewage systems,\n Common or excess, legislature may\n authorize............................ 8 2(a)\n Indebtedness, exclusion from debt\n limitation........................... 8 2(a)\n Revenues, restrictions on use.......... 8 2(a)\n Sheriffs (see "Sheriffs"),\n Special surrogate (see "Surrogates"),\n Social welfare board, visitation and\n inspection of institutions............. 17 2\n stock, ownership in private corporation\n or association prohibited.............. 8 1\n Streets, power to adopt and amend local\n laws................................... 9 2(c)\n Surrogates (see "Surrogates"),\n Taxes,\n Exclusion from limitation on real\n property tax......................... 8 11\n Legislature,\n Method of increasing limit, right\n to prescribe......................... 8 10\n Power to restrict futher............... 8 10, 12\n Limitation of taxes on real\n property........................... 8 10, 12\n Amount limited..................... 8 10\n Real property, limitation.............. 8 10, 12\n Valulation limiting indebtedness..... 8 4\n Transfer of functions and duties,\n legislature may provide................ 9 1(h)\n Utilities, fair return on value of\n property............................... 9 1(f)\n Village taxes, advancements.............. 16 2\n Wages of employees, etc,\n Adoption and amendment of local\n laws................................. 9 2(c)\n Regulation by legislature.............. 13 14\n Water, public utility, fair return on\n value of property...................... 9 1(f)\n Water supply,\n Common or excess, legislature may\n authorize............................ 8 2(a)\n Indebtedness, exclusion from debt\n limitation........................... 8 2(a), 5\n -- 45 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Revenues, restrictions on use\n inapplicable......................... 8 10(a)\n Welfare service for children,\n authorization of indebtedness.......... 8 1\n Working conditions of employees, etc.,\n local law may provide therefor......... 9 2(c)\nCOUNTY CLERKS:\n Counties in the city of New York,\n Appointment and removal................ 13 13(a)\n Powers and duties...................... 13 13(a)\n Election............................. 13 8\n Time................................... 13 8\n Hearing on charges for removal........... 13 13(a)\n New York city,\n Appointment and removal................ 13 13(a)\n Assignment of powers and duties\n to city officers..................... 13 13(c)\n Office not to be abolished by\n local law............................ 13 13(c)\n Powers and duties........................ 13 13(a)\n Removal from office, charges,\n hearing................................ 13 13(a)\n Supreme court, powers and duties\n as clerks.............................. 13 13(a)\n Service as clerks...................... 6 6(e)\n Term of office........................... 13 8\n Vacancies................................ 13 13(a)\nCOUNTY COURTS:\n Actions and proceedings,\n Pending therein on effective\n date of article,\n Continuation and transfer............ 6 36\n To hear and determine.................. 6 34(a)\n Transfer therefrom, to certain\n courts.............................. 6 19(b,h)\n Transfer thereto, from certain\n courts............................... 6 19(c,d,e)\n Appeals,\n Pending therein on effective\n date of article,\n Continuation and transfer............ 6 36\n To hear and determine................ 6 34(a)\n Right thereto, certain cases........... 6 35(m,n)\n Appellate division, power to establish\n separate divisions thereof............. 6 11(b)\n Bronx county (see also "Bronx County"),\n County court, abolished................ 6 35(a)\n Actions and proceedings transferred\n to supreme court................... 6 35(b)\n Judges, to be justices of supreme\n -- 46 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n court for remainder of terms......... 6 6(d),35(b)\n Continuation of existing, in\n counties outside New York city......... 6 10(a)\n Counterclaim, jurisdiction to enter\n judgment, unlimited.................... 6 11(c)\n Court of record.......................... 6 1(b)\n Court system of state, unified,\n included therein....................... 6 1(a)\n Equity jurisdiction.................... 6 11(c)\n Expenses of court...................... 6 29(a-d)\n Judges (see also "Judges and Justices"),\n Additional........................... 6 10(a)\n Age limit............................ 6 25(b)\n Armed forces, eligibility to serve... 6 20(b)(1)\n Assignment, temporary,\n From certain courts................ 6 26(e-h)\n To certain courts.................. 6 26(c)\n Bronx county, judges to become\n justices of supreme court for\n remainder of terms................. 6 6(d),35(b)\n Broome county, office of\n special county judge abolished,\n judge to be judge of family\n court for remainder of term........ 6 35(g)\n Chautauqua county, office of special\n county judge abolished, judge to\n be judge of family court for\n remainder of term.................. 6 35(g)\n Combination with certain other\n judicial offices authorized, outside\n New York city...................... 6 14\n Compensation....................... 6 25(a)\n Constitutional convention,\n eligibility to serve............... 6 20(b)(1)\n Duties............................... 6 26(c)\n Election, how chosen................. 6 10(a)\n Eligibility.......................... 6 20(a)\n Erie county, office of special county\n judge abolished, judge to be\n judge of county court until\n expiration of term................. 6 34(d)\n Jefferson county, office of\n special county judge abolished,\n judge to be judge of family court\n for remainder of term.............. 6 35(g)\n Kings county, judges to become\n supreme court justices for\n remainder of terms................. 6 6(d),35(b)\n Law, prohibition against practice..... 6 20(b)(4)\n Military service, permitted........... 6 20(b)(1)\n -- 47 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Number................................ 6 10(a)\n Oneida county, office of special\n county judge abolished, judge\n to be judge of family court for\n remainder of term................... 6 35(g)\n Political organization, prohibition\n against holding office therein...... 6 20(b)(3)\n Public office, prohibition against\n holding............................. 6 20(b)(1)\n Qualifications........................ 6 20(a)\n Queens county, judges to become\n justices of supreme court for\n remainder of term................... 6 6(d),35(b)\n Removal for cause,\n Court on Judiciary.................. 6 22(a)\n Senate.............................. 6 23(b)\n Residence............................. 6 10(a)\n Restrictions.......................... 6 20(b)(1-4)\n Retirement,\n Age................................. 6 25(b)\n Disability.......................... 6 22(a)\n Richmond county, judges to become\n justices of supreme court for\n remainder of term................... 6 6(d),35(b)\n Rockland county, office of special\n county judge abolished, judge to be\n judge of family court for remainder\n of term............................. 6 35(g)\n Special county, office abolished...... 6 35(g)\n Suffolk county, office of special\n county judge abolished, judge to be\n judge of county court until\n expiration of term.................. 6 34(d)\n Term.................................. 6 10(b)\n Vacancies............................. 6 21(a)\n Jurisdiction and powers................. 6 11(a,c,d)\n Kings county (see also "Kings County"),\n County court, abolished............... 6 35(a)\n Actions and proceedings,\n transferred to supreme court...... 6 35(b)\n Judges, to be justices of supreme\n court for remainder of terms...... 6 6(d),35(b)\n Mandates, service and execution......... 6 1(c)\n Processes, service and execution........ 6 1(c)\n Queens county (see also "Queens County"),\n County court, abolished............... 6 35(a)\n Actions and proceedings transferred\n to supreme court.................. 6 35(b)\n Judges, to be justices of supreme\n court for remainder of terms...... 6 6(d),35(b)\n -- 48 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Richmond county (see also "Richmond\n County"),\n County court, abolished............... 6 35(a)\n Actions and proceedings transferred\n to supreme court.................. 6 35(b)\n Judges, to be justices of supreme\n court for remainder of terms...... 6 6(d),35(b)\n Separate divisions, power of appellate\n division to establish................. 6 11(b)\n State-wide court........................ 6 1(a)\n Warrants, service and execution......... 6 1(c)\nCOUNTY OFFICERS (see also "Counties,"\n and specific titles):\n New York city, abolition of\n certain offices......................... 13 13(c)\n Removal by governor of certain.......... 13 13(a)\nCOUNTY REGISTERS:\n Charges for removal, hearing............. 13 13(a)\n Election................................. 13 13(a)\n Hearing on removal charges............... 13 13(a)\n Term of office........................... 13 13(a)\n Vacancy.................................. 13 13(a)\nCOUNTY SEAT:\n Locating or changing by private\n or local bill prohibited............... 3 17\nCOURT FOR TRIAL OF IMPEACHMENTS\n (see "Impeachment").\nCOURT MARTIAL (see "Militia").\nCOURT OF APPEALS:\n Appeals (see also "Jurisdictions and\n powers"),\n Cases in which allowed................. 6 3(b)\n Pending therein on effective date\n of article,\n Continuation and transfer.......... 6 36\n To hear and determine.............. 6 34(a)\n Right thereto, certain cases......... 6 35(m,n)\n Certification thereby, to appellate\n division of determination on\n certified questions.................. 6 3(b)(4)\n Certified questions from appellate\n division, limitation on review....... 6 3(b)(4)\n Civil cases and proceedings,\n jurisdiction on appeal............... 6 3(b)(1-8)\n Clerk, appointment and removal......... 6 2(a)\n Continuation........................... 6 2(a)\n Court of record........................ 6 1(b)\n Court system of state, unified,\n included therein..................... 6 1(a)\n Criminal cases, jurisdiction on\n -- 49 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n appeal............................... 6 3(b)\n Expenses of court...................... 6 29(a-d)\n Interlocutory judgments, affirmance,\n reversal or modification........... 6 5(a)\n Intermediate orders, affirmance,\n reversal or modification........... 6 5(a)\n Judges (see also "Judges and\n Justices"),\n Age limit, exception................... 6 25(b)\n Armed forces, eligibility to serve..... 6 20(b)(1)\n Associate judges,\n Absence or disability,\n designation of supreme court\n justices to serve.................. 6 2(c)\n Additional, certification to governor\n of need thereof.................... 6 2(b)\n Appointment as chief judge, not to\n affect or create vacancy in\n office............................. 6 2(c)\n Court on judiciary, designation\n thereto in certain cases........... 6 22(b)\n Designation by governor of supreme\n court justices to serve............ 6 2(a,b,c)\n Election............................. 6 2(a)\n Supreme court justices, service as... 6 2(a,b,c)\n Number............................. 6 2(a)\n Term................................. 6 2(a)\n Vacancy in office, how and when\n filled, effect of appointment of\n supreme court justices............... 6 2(c)\n Chief judge,\n Court on the judiciary,\n Membership......................... 6 22(b)\n Presiding officer.................. 6 22(b)\n Right and duty to convene.......... 6 22(d)\n Election............................. 6 2(a)\n Judicial conference, administrative\n board, member thereof.............. 6 28\n Term................................. 6 2(a)\n Vacancy in office, how and when\n filled, effect of appointment of\n associate judge or justice of\n supreme court...................... 6 2(c)\n Compensation........................... 6 25(a)\n Concurrence necessary for a decision... 6 2(a)\n Constitutional convention,\n eligibility to serve................. 6 20(b)(1)\n Election and term...................... 6 2(a)\n Eligibility to office.................. 6 20(a)\n Governor, power to designate justices\n -- 50 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n of supreme court to serve thereon,\n limitation upon...................... 6 2(b)\n Law, prohibition against practice...... 6 20(b)(4)\n Military service, permitted............ 6 20(b)(1)\n Number of judges sitting, limitation... 6 2(a)\n Political organization, not to hold\n office therein....................... 6 20(b)(3)\n Public office, prohibition against\n holding.............................. 6 20(b)(1)\n Qualifications......................... 6 20(a)\n Quorum................................. 6 2(a)\n Removal for cause,\n Court on judiciary................... 6 22(a)\n Legislature.......................... 6 23(a)\n Restrictions........................... 6 20(b)(1-4)\n Retirement,\n Age.................................. 6 25(b)\n Disability........................... 6 22(a)\n Senior associate judge,\n Court on judiciary,\n Member............................. 6 22(b)\n Presiding officer in certain cases. 6 22(b)\n Term............................... 6 2(a)\n Vacancies.......................... 6 2(c)\n Judgments of affirmance, reversal or\n modifications, power to render......... 6 5(a)\n Jurisdictions and powers,\n Civil cases, appeals of right.......... 6 3(b)(1-3)\n Constitutional questions, direct\n appeal, limitation of review......... 6 3(b)(1,2)\n Final decisions of appellate division,\n when appeal allowed.................. 6 3(b)(1,6)\n Interlocutory decisions of appellate\n division............................. 6 3(b)(4,5)\n Judgment of death, scope of review..... 6 3(a)\n Judgments or orders of reversal or\n modification, appeals of right....... 6 3(b)(1)\n Legislature, power to abolish certain\n appeals.............................. 6 3(b)(8)\n Limitation to review of questions of\n law, exceptions...................... 6 3(a)\n Non-unanimous decisions of appellate\n division, appeals of right........... 6 3(b)(1)\n Orders of appellate division granting\n new trial or hearing, appeal on\n stipulation.......................... 6 3(b)(3)\n Public officers, appeals in\n proceeding affecting................. 6 3(b)(5)\n Quorum................................. 6 2(a)\n Restrictions........................... 6 3(a)\n -- 51 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Reversal or modification on new facts,\n unlimited power of review............ 6 3(a)\n Review, limitation to questions of law,\n exceptions........................... 6 3(a)\n Right of appeal allowed from court\n of original jurisdiction in\n certain cases........................ 6 3(b)(2)\n Vacancy not to suspend, when quorum\n exists............................... 6 2(c)\n Legislature, power to abolish appeals\n in certain cases....................... 6 3(b)(8)\n Limitation to constitutional questions\n in certain appeals..................... 6 3(b)(2)\n Mandates, service and execution.......... 6 1(c)\n New trial or hearing, power to grant..... 6 5(a)\n Processes, service and execution......... 6 1(c)\n Prohibition against certain appeals\n in civil cases......................... 6 3(b)(7)\n Warrants, service and execution.......... 6 1(c)\nCOURT OF CLAIMS:\n Actions and proceedings,\n Pending therein on effective\n date of article,\n Continuation and transfer............ 6 36\n To hear and determine................ 6 34(a)\n Appeals, right thereto, in certain cases\n after effective of this of article..... 6 35(m,n)\n Claims against state, legislature to\n provide manner of trial................ 6 18(b)\n Continuation............................. 6 9\n Court of record.......................... 6 1(b)\n Court system of state, unified,\n included therein....................... 6 1(b)\n Expenses of court........................ 6 29(a-d)\n Judges (see also "Judges and\n Justices"),\n Age limit.............................. 6 25(b)\n Appointment............................ 6 9\n Armed forces, eligibility to serve..... 6 20(b)(1)\n Assignment, temporary, to supreme court 6 26(b)\n Compensation........................... 6 25(a)\n Constitutional convention, eligibility\n to serve............................. 6 20(b)(1)\n Duties................................. 6 26(b)\n Eligibility............................ 6 20(a)\n Governor to appoint.................... 6 9\n Law, prohibition against practice...... 6 20(b)(4)\n Military service, permitted............ 6 20(b)(1)\n Number................................. 6 9\n Political organization, prohibition\n -- 52 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n against holding office therein....... 6 20(b)(3)\n Public office, prohibition against\n holding.............................. 6 20(b)(1)\n Qualifications......................... 6 20(a)\n Removal for cause,\n Court on judiciary................... 6 22(a)\n Senate............................... 6 23(b)\n Restrictions......................... 6 20(b)(1-4)\n Retirement\n Age................................ 6 25(b)\n Disability......................... 6 22(a)\n Term................................. 6 9\n Vacancies............................ 6 21(b)\n Jurisdiction and powers.................. 6 9\n Mandates, service and execution.......... 6 1(c)\n Processes, service and execution......... 6 1(c)\n State-wide court......................... 6 1(a)\n Warrants, service and execution.......... 6 1(c)\nCOURT OF GENERAL SESSIONS,COUNTY OF NEW YORK\n (see "General Sessions").\nCOURT ON THE JUDICIARY:\n Composition.............................. 6 22(b)\n Concurrence necessary for action......... 6 22(c)\n Convening................................ 6 22(d)\n Counsel, authority to designate.......... 6 22(f)\n Expenses, legislature to make\n appropriations......................... 6 22(h)\n Governor to be notified of removal\n charges................................ 6 22(e)\n Immunity from prosecution, authority\n to grant............................... 6 22(f)\n Judges and justices,\n Compensation, not to receive\n additional........................... 6 22(h)\n Judgment of removal from office.......... 6 22(c)\n Disqualification for holding public\n office or trust...................... 6 22(c)\n Judicial officers subject to removal or\n retirement,\n Enumeration............................ 6 22(a)\n Rights, due notice and hearing......... 6 22(a)\n Legislature,\n Notification of removal charges........ 6 22(e)\n Time within which to act after notice.. 6 22(e)\n Limitations on judgment and powers....... 6 22(a)\n Notice to governor and legislature\n of removal charges..................... 6 22(e)\n Powers,\n Designation of counsel to conduct\n proceedings.......................... 6 22(f)\n -- 53 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Immunity from prosecution, granting\n witnesses............................ 6 22(f)\n Rules and regulations on procedure,\n power to make........................ 6 22(f)\n Summoning witnesses, etc. authority.... 6 22(f)\n President of the Senate to be notified\n of removal charges..................... 6 22(e)\n Presiding officer...................... 6 22(b)\n Procedure, authority to regulate......... 6 22(f)\n Retirement proceedings not subject\n to stay by legislative action.......... 6 22(e)\n Right to compensation of judicial\n officer retired........................ 6 22(c)\n Rules and regulations governing procedure 6 22(f)\n Service, no extra compensation........... 6 22(h)\n Speaker of the Assembly to be notified\n of removal charges..................... 6 22(e)\n Stay of removal proceedings pending\n legislative action..................... 6 22(e)\n Suspension pending determination......... 6 22(d)\n Trial,................................... 6 22(d)\n Removal charges, limitation on\n date set............................... 6 22(e)\n Vacancy in membership.................... 6 22(b)\nCOURTS (see also specific courts):\n Administrative supervision thereof....... 6 28\n Convening for disposition of\n apportionment cases.................... 3 5\n Expenses (see "Expenses of Courts")\n General provisions relating to........... 6 1-37\n Legislative power........................ 9 3(a)\n Preference in cases involving\n apportionments......................... 3 5\n Proceedings by or against, appeals to\n court of appeals....................... 6 3(b)(5)\n State wide............................... 6 1(a)\nCOURT OF RECORD (see also specific courts):\n Enumerated............................... 6 1(b)\nCOURT OF SPECIAL SESSIONS:\n New York city,\n Abolished.............................. 6 35(a)\n Actions and proceedings, transferred\n to city-wide court of criminal\n jurisdiction......................... 6 35(f)\n Appeals, where taken................... 6 35(m)\n Documents, disposal thereof............ 6 35(a)\n Judges, to be judges of city-wide\n court of criminal jurisdiction for\n remainder of term.................... 6 35(d)\n Papers, disposal thereof............... 6 35(a)\n -- 54 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Personnel, non-judicial, assigned to\n certain courts....................... 6 35(l)\n Records, disposal thereof.............. 6 35(a)\n Seal, disposal thereof................. 6 35(a)\nCREDIT:\n Municipal corporations, gifts or loans\n for private purposes prohibited........ 8 1\n Municipalities, certain, legislature\n to restrict power to loan.............. 8 12\n Pledge by municipality for payment of\n indebtedness........................... 8 2\n State, gift or loan of credit for\n private purpose prohibited............. 7 8\nCOURT SYSTEM:\n State wide, unified...................... 6 1(a)\nCREDITS:\n Location for purposes of taxation........ 16 3\nCREED:\n Discrimination in civil rights\n prohibited............................. 1 11\nCRIMES (see also "Criminal Actions"):\n Capital or infamous, indictment by\n grand jury required for prosecution,\n exceptions............................. 1 6\n Jurisdiction,\n County court........................... 6 11(a)\n Supreme court, New York city,\n exclusive, certain, exception.......... 6 7(a)\n Punishable by death, no waiver of\n jury trial............................. 1 2\n Suffrage, loss upon conviction........... 2 3\n Telephone and telegraph communications,\n interceptions to obtain evidence....... 1 12\nCRIMINAL ACTIONS (see also "Crimes"):\n Appeals, court of appeals, jurisdiction.. 6 3(a)\n Change of venue by private or local\n bill prohibited........................ 3 17\n Indictment by grand jury required in\n certain................................ 1 6\n Jurisdiction of county courts............ 6 11(a)\n Jury trial,\n Guaranty............................... 1 2\n Waiver, exception...................... 1 2\n Libel,\n Duty of jury to acquit................. 1 8\n Person charged with, when to be\n acquitted............................ 1 8\n Powers of jury......................... 1 8\n Truth may be given in evidence to jury. 1 8\n Public officers, failure to waive\n -- 55 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n immunity or testify.................... 1 6\n Rights of accused,\n Confrontation of witnesses............. 1 6\n Counsel, representation................ 1 6\n Due process of law, guaranty........... 1 6\n Freedom from double jeopardy........... 1 6\n Nature and cause of accusation......... 1 6\n Personal appearance, right............. 1 6\n Privilege against self-incrimination... 1 6\n Supreme court, New York city,\n exclusive jurisdiction, certain,\n exception.............................. 6 7(a)\nCRIMINAL INSTITUTIONS (see "Correctional\n Institutions," "Prisons," "Reformatories").\nCROSSINGS (see "Railroads").\nCRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT:\n Guaranty against......................... 1 5\nCUSTODIAL CARE:\n Children, religious persuasion\n to control............................. 6 32\nDAMAGES:\n Actions for wrongful death,\n Amount not subject to statutory\n limitation........................... 1 16\n Right of action not to be\n abrogated............................ 1 16\nDEAF PERSONS:\n Education, power of legislature to\n provide................................ 7 8\n State institutions for education and\n support, not subject to inspection..... 17 2\n Support, legislative power to provide.... 7 8\nDEATH:\n Action not to be abrogated,.............. 1 16\n Damages not to be limited.............. 1 16\n Governor, lieutenant governor to be\n acting governor........................ 4 5\n Judgment of,\n Direct appeal to court of appeals...... 6 3(b)\n Unlimited power to review............ 6 3(a)\n Workers' compensation, legislative power\n to enact laws.......................... 1 18\nDEATH SENTENCE:\n Appeal, court of appeals, jurisdiction... 6 3(a,b)\nDEBTS:\n Municipal corporations (see\n "Municipalities").\n Public corporation, state or political\n subdivision not to be liable........... 10 5\n Exception respecting housing........... 18 4,5\n -- 56 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n State,\n Authorization for creation............. 7 11\n Bonds, contracted in anticipation\n of sale.............................. 7 9\n Bonus, payment, issuance of bonds...... 7 18\n Conditions for refunding............... 7 13\n Education, higher, authorization for\n creation............................. 7 19\n Emergencies, moneys raised,\n application.......................... 7 10\n Housing bonds, repayment of obligations\n issued in anticipation of sale....... 7 9\n Manner of payment...................... 7 12\n Notes in anticipation of bonds and\n taxes, time for payment.............. 7 9\n Payment of principal, interest and\n sinking fund contributions........... 7 16\n Period for which contracted............ 7 12\n Power to contract...................... 7 9\n Bonds, in anticipation of sale....... 7 9\n Certain emergencies.................. 7 10\n Defense of state..................... 7 10\n Taxes, in anticipation of receipt.... 7 9\n Pre-payment before due date............ 7 12\n Purposes, moneys raised, application... 7 12\n Railroad crossings at grade............ 7 14\n Referendum on laws creating............ 7 11\n Refunding, legislative power to provide\n means................................ 7 13\n Repeal of law after approval........... 7 11\n Sinking funds.......................... 7 15\n Three-fifths quorum required for\n passing bills affecting.............. 3 23\nDEFENDANT, RIGHTS OF (see "Accused,"\n "Criminal Actions").\nDELAWARE COUNTY:\n Belleayre mountain, construction of\n ski trails............................. 14 1\nDELEGATES (see "Constitutional Convention").\nDELINQUENT CHILDREN (see "Children").\nDENOMINATIONAL SCHOOLS:\n State aid, prohibition against,\n exception.............................. 11 3\nDEPARTMENT (see "State Departments," and\n specific state departments).\nDEPENDENT CHILDREN (see "Children").\nDIRECTORS:\n Savings banks and institutions, interest\n in loan or use of money, etc.\n -- 57 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n prohibited............................. 10 3\nDISCRIMINATION:\n Race, color, creed or religion,\n prohibition against discrimination..... 1 11\n Religious worship, prohibition against\n discrimination......................... 1 3\n Taxation, discrimination against\n corporations formed under federal laws\n prohibited............................. 16 4\nDISFRANCHISEMENT (see also "Voters and\n Voting"):\n Prohibition against, exception........... 1 1\nDISTRICT ATTORNEY:\n Charges for removal, hearing............. 13 13(a)\n Counties in city of New York, election\n and removal............................ 13 13(a)\n Election................................. 13 13(a)\n Hearing,\n Charges or grounds for removal......... 13 13(a)\n Opportunity to defend against charges.. 13 13(a)\n New York city, office not to be\n abolished by local law................. 13 13(c)\n Removal from office...................... 13 13(a)\n Term of office........................... 13 13(a)\n Vacancies................................ 13 13(a)\nDISTRICTS:\n Assembly (see "Assembly Districts").\n Election (see "Election Districts").\n Improvement (see "Improvement\n Districts")\n Power of legislature to enact laws\n relating to government................. 9 2(b)\n Senate (see "Senate Districts").\nDISTRICT COURTS:\n Actions and proceedings,\n County court, concurrent jurisdiction.. 6 11(a)\n Transfer therefrom..................... 6 19(c,i)\n Appeals,\n Appellate term......................... 6 8(e),11(d)\n ..................................... 35(m)\n County court......................... 6 11(d),35(m)\n Board of supervisors, may request\n establishment........................ 6 16(a)\n County courts,\n Actions and proceedings,\n Concurrent jurisdiction.............. 6 11(a)\n Transfer thereto..................... 6 19(c)\n Appeals............................ 6 11(d), 35(m)\n Court system of state, unified,\n included therein........................ 6 1(a)\n -- 58 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Discontinuance........................... 6 16(i)\n Establishment............................ 6 16(a)\n Expenses of court........................ 6 29(a-d)\n Judges (see also, "Judges and\n Justices"),\n Additional............................. 6 16(f)\n Age limit.............................. 6 25(b)\n Apportionment.......................... 6 16(g)\n Assignment, temporary.................. 6 26(h)\n Compensation........................... 6 25(a)\n Election............................... 6 16(h)\n Number................................. 6 16(f)\n Qualifications......................... 6 20(c)\n Removal for cause,\n Appellate division................... 6 22(i)\n Senate............................... 6 23(b)\n Residence.............................. 6 16(h)\n Restrictions........................... 6 20(c)\n Retirement for disability.............. 6 22(i)\n Term................................... 6 16(h)\n Vacancies.............................. 6 21(d)\n Jurisdiction and powers.................. 6 16(d)\n Law, establishing, subject to approval\n at general election.................... 6 16(b,c)\n Nassau county,\n Actions and proceedings, pending....... 6 34(a)\n Appeals, pending....................... 6 34(a)\n Continued.............................. 6 16(a)\n Mandates, service and execution.......... 6 1(c)\n Processes, service and execution......... 6 1(c)\n Regulation............................... 6 16(i)\n Supreme court, power to transfer actions\n and proceedings pending therein to\n county court........................... 6 19(c)\n Warrants, service and execution.......... 6 1(c)\nDIVORCE:\n Grant, prohibition against except by\n judicial proceedings................... 1 9\nDOCKS:\n New York City,\n Debts excluded from limitation......... 8 7\n Serial bonds, financing................ 8 2\nDOCUMENTS:\n Abolished courts, to be deposited with\n clerks of county in which courts are\n located................................ 6 35(a)\nDOMESTIC RELATIONS COURT, NEW YORK CITY:\n Abolished................................ 6 35(a)\n Actions and proceedings, transferred\n to family court in city of New York.... 6 35(j)\n -- 59 --\n INDEX\n Art. Sec.\n Appeals, where taken..................... 6 35(m)\n Documents, disposal thereof.............. 6 35(a)\n Judges, to be judges of family court in\n city of New York for remainder of\n term................................... 6 35(i)\n Papers, disposal thereof................. 6 35(a)\n Personnel, non-judicial, assigned to\n certain courts......................... 6 35(l)\n Records, disposal thereof................ 6 35(a)\n Seal, disposal thereof................... 6 35(a)\nDOUBLE JEOPARDY:\n Prohibition against...................... 1 6\nDRAINAGE (see also "Lands"):\n Agricultural,\n Construction and maintenance, general\n laws to provide...................... 1 7\n Just compensation for property taken... 1 7\n Property, use declared public use...... 1 7\n Private or local bills prohibited........ 3 17\nDRAINAGE SYSTEMS:\n Common or excess, for municipalities..... 8 2-a\n Indebtedness,\n Allocation method, legislature may\n provide.............................. 8 2-a\n Exclusion from debt limitation......... 8 2-a\n State comptroller may approve.......... 8 2-a\n Revenues therefrom, restrictions on use.. 8 2-a\nDUE PROCESS OF LAW:\n Guaranty................................. 1 6\nDUMB PERSONS:\n Education, power of legislature to\n provide................................ 7 8\n State institutions for education and\n support, not subject to inspection..... 17 2\n Support, legislative power to provide.... 7 8\n -- 60 --\n