North Dakota § 9-16-13 Automated transactions

North Dakota Statutes

§ 9-16-13 — Automated transactions

North Dakota § 9-16-13

Title 9Contracts and Obligations

Ch. 9-16Electronic Transactions

This text of North Dakota § 9-16-13 (Automated transactions) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering North Dakota primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook

N.D. Cent. Code § 9-16-13 (2026).

Text

In an automated transaction, the following rules apply:

1.A contract may be formed by the interaction of electronic agents of the parties, even if no individual was aware of or reviewed the electronic agents' actions or the resulting terms and agreements.

2.A contract may be formed by the interaction of an electronic agent and an individual, acting on the individual's own behalf or for another person, including by an interaction in which the individual performs actions that the individual is free to refuse to perform and which the individual knows or has reason to know will cause the electronic agent to complete the transaction or performance.

3.The terms of the contract are determined by the substantive law applicable to the contract.

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In an automated transaction, the following rules apply:
1. A contract may be formed by the interaction of electronic agents of the parties, even if
no individual was aware of or reviewed the electronic agents' actions or the resulting
terms and agreements.
2. A contract may be formed by the interaction of an electronic agent and an individual,
acting on the individual's own behalf or for another person, including by an interaction
in which the individual performs actions that the individual is free to refuse to perform
and which the individual knows or has reason to know will cause the electronic agent
to complete the transaction or performance.
3. The terms of the contract are determined by the substantive law applicable to the
contract.