North Dakota § 9-16-04 Use of electronic records and electronic signatures - Variation by agreement

North Dakota Statutes

§ 9-16-04 — Use of electronic records and electronic signatures - Variation by agreement

North Dakota § 9-16-04

Title 9Contracts and Obligations

Ch. 9-16Electronic Transactions

This text of North Dakota § 9-16-04 (Use of electronic records and electronic signatures - Variation by agreement) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering North Dakota primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook

N.D. Cent. Code § 9-16-04 (2026).

Text

1.This chapter does not require a record or signature to be created, generated, sent, communicated, received, stored, or otherwise processed or used by electronic means or in electronic form.

2.This chapter applies only to transactions between parties each of which has agreed to conduct transactions by electronic means. Whether the parties agree to conduct transactions by electronic means is determined from the context and surrounding circumstances, including the parties' conduct.

3.If a party agrees to conduct a transaction by electronic means, this chapter does not prohibit the party from refusing to conduct other transactions by electronic means. This subsection may not be varied by agreement.

4.Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, the effect of any of this chapter's provis

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1. This chapter does not require a record or signature to be created, generated, sent,
communicated, received, stored, or otherwise processed or used by electronic means
or in electronic form.
2. This chapter applies only to transactions between parties each of which has agreed to
conduct transactions by electronic means. Whether the parties agree to conduct
transactions by electronic means is determined from the context and surrounding
circumstances, including the parties' conduct.
3. If a party agrees to conduct a transaction by electronic means, this chapter does not
prohibit the party from refusing to conduct other transactions by electronic means. This
subsection may not be varied by agreement.
4. Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, the effect of any of this chapter's
provisions may be varied by agreement. The presence in certain provisions of this
chapter of the words "unless otherwise agreed", or words of similar import, does not
imply that the effect of other provisions may not be varied by agreement.
5. Whether an electronic record or electronic signature has legal consequences is
determined by this chapter and other applicable law.