1. An S corporation, as defined by Section 1361 (a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code, shall not be subject to the taxes imposed by section 143.071 , or other sections imposing income tax on corporations.
2. A shareholder of an S corporation shall determine such shareholder's S corporation modification and pro rata share, including its character, by applying the following:
(1) Any modification described in sections 143.121 and 143.141 which relates to an item of S corporation income, gain, loss, or deduction shall be made in accordance with the shareholder's pro rata share, for federal income tax purposes, of the item to which the modification relates. Where a shareholder's pro rata share of any such item is not required to be taken into account separately for federal income tax purposes, the shareholder's pro rata share of such item shall be determined in accordance with his pro rata share, for federal income tax purposes, of S corporation taxable income or loss generally;
(2) Each item of S corporation income, gain, loss, or deduction shall have the same character for a shareholder pursuant to sections 143.005 to 143.998 as it has for federal income tax purposes. Where an item is not characterized for federal income tax purposes, it shall have the same character for a shareholder as if realized directly from the source from which realized by the S corporation or incurred in the same manner as incurred by the S corporation.
3. A nonresident shareholder of an S corporation shall determine such shareholder's Missouri nonresident adjusted gross income and his or her nonresident shareholder modification by applying the provisions of this subsection. Items shall be determined to be from sources within this state pursuant to regulations of the director of revenue in a manner consistent with the division of income provisions of section 143.451 , section 143.461 , or section 32.200 (Multistate Tax Compact). In determining the adjusted gross income of a nonresident shareholder of any S corporation, there shall be included only that part derived from or connected with sources in this state of the shareholder's pro rata share of items of S corporation income, gain, loss or deduction entering into shareholder's federal adjusted gross income, as such part is determined pursuant to regulations prescribed by the director of revenue in accordance with the general rules in section 143.181 . Any modification described in subsections 2 and 3 of section 143.121 and in section 143.141 , which relates to an item of S corporation income, gain, loss, or deduction shall be made in accordance with the shareholder's pro rata share, for federal income tax purposes, of the item to which the modification relates, but limited to the portion of such item derived from or connected with sources in this state.
4. Notwithstanding subsection 3 of this section to the contrary, for all tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2020, the items referred to in that subsection shall be determined to be from sources within this state pursuant to regulations of the director of revenue in a manner consistent with the division of income provisions of section 143.455 and section 143.461 .
5. The director of revenue shall permit S corporations to file composite returns and to make composite payments of tax on behalf of its nonresident shareholders not otherwise required to file a return. If the nonresident shareholder's filing requirements result solely from one or more interests in any other partnerships or subchapter S corporations, that nonresident shareholder may be included in the composite return.
6. If an S corporation pays or credits amounts to any of its nonresident individual shareholders as dividends or as their share of the S corporation's undistributed taxable income for the taxable year, the S corporation shall either timely file with the department of revenue an agreement as provided in subsection 7 of this section or withhold Missouri income tax as provided in subsection 8 of this section. An S corporation that timely files an agreement as provided in subsection 7 of this section with respect to a nonresident shareholder for a taxable year shall be considered to have timely filed such an agreement for each subsequent taxable year. An S corporation that does not timely file such an agreement for a taxable year shall not be precluded from timely filing such an agreement for subsequent taxable years. An S corporation is not required to deduct and withhold Missouri income tax for a nonresident shareholder if:
(1) The nonresident shareholder not otherwise required to file a return agrees to have the Missouri income tax due paid as part of the S corporation's composite return;
(2) The nonresident shareholder not otherwise required to file a return had Missouri assignable federal adjusted gross income from the S corporation of less than twelve hundred dollars;
(3) The S corporation is liquidated or terminated;
(4) Income was generated by a transaction related to termination or liquidation; or
(5) No cash or other property was distributed in the current and prior taxable year.
7. The agreement referred to in subdivision (1) of subsection 6 of this section is an agreement of a nonresident shareholder of the S corporation to:
(1) File a return in accordance with the provisions of section 143.481 and to make timely payment of all taxes imposed on the shareholder by this state with respect to income of the S corporation; and
(2) Be subject to personal jurisdiction in this state for purposes of the collection of income taxes, together with related interest and penalties, imposed on the shareholder by this state with respect to the income of the S corporation.
8. The amount of Missouri income tax to be withheld is determined by multiplying the amount of dividends or undistributed income allocable to Missouri that is paid or credited to a nonresident shareholder during the taxable year by the highest rate used to determine a Missouri income tax liability for an individual, except that the amount of the tax withheld may be determined based on withholding tables provided by the director of revenue if the shareholder submits a Missouri withholding allowance certificate.
9. An S corporation shall be entitled to recover for a shareholder on whose behalf a tax payment was made pursuant to this section, if such shareholder has no tax liability.
10. With respect to S corporations that are banks or bank holding companies, a pro rata share of the tax credit for the tax payable pursuant to chapter 148 shall be allowed against each S corporation shareholders' state income tax as follows, provided the bank otherwise complies with section 148.112 :
(1) The credit allowed by this subsection shall be equal to the bank tax calculated pursuant to chapter 148 based on bank income in 1999 and after, on a bank that makes an election pursuant to 26 U.S.C. Section 1362, and such credit shall be allocated to the qualifying shareholder according to stock ownership, determined by multiplying a fraction, where the numerator is the shareholder's stock, and the denominator is the total stock issued by such bank or bank holding company;
(2) The tax credit authorized in this subsection shall be permitted only to the shareholders that qualify as S corporation shareholders, provided the stock at all times during the taxable period qualifies as S corporation stock as defined in 26 U.S.C. Section 1361, and such stock is held by the shareholder during the taxable period. The credit created by this section on a yearly basis is available to each qualifying shareholder, including shareholders filing joint returns. A bank holding company is not allowed this credit, except that, such credit shall flow through to such bank holding company's qualified shareholders, and be allocated to such shareholders under the same conditions; and
(3) In the event such shareholder cannot use all or part of the tax credit in the taxable period of receipt, such shareholder may carry forward such tax credit for a period of the lesser of five years or until used, provided such credits are used as soon as the taxpayer has Missouri taxable income.
11. With respect to S corporations that are associations, a pro rata share of the tax credit for the tax payable under chapter 148 shall be allowed against each S corporation shareholders' state income tax as follows, provided the association otherwise complies with section 148.655 :
(1) The credit allowed by this subsection shall be equal to the savings and loan association tax calculated under chapter 148 based on the computations provided in section 148.630 on an association that makes an election under 26 U.S.C. Section 1362, and such credit shall be allocated to the qualifying shareholder according to stock ownership, determined by multiplying a fraction, where the numerator is the shareholder's stock, and the denominator is the total stock issued by the association;
(2) The tax credit authorized in this subsection shall be permitted only to the shareholders that qualify as S corporation shareholders, provided the stock at all times during the taxable period qualifies as S corporation stock as defined in 26 U.S.C. Section 1361, and such stock is held by the shareholder during the taxable period. The credit created by this section on a yearly basis is available to each qualifying shareholder, including shareholders filing joint returns. A savings and loan association holding company is not allowed this credit, except that, such credit shall flow through to such savings and loan association holding company's qualified shareholders, and be allocated to such shareholders under the same conditions; and
(3) In the event such shareholder cannot use all or part of the tax credit in the taxable period of receipt, such shareholder may carry forward such tax credit for a period of the lesser of five years or until used, provided such credits are used as soon as the taxpayer has Missouri taxable income.
12. With respect to S corporations that are credit institutions, a pro rata share of the tax credit for the tax payable under chapter 148 shall be allowed against each S corporation shareholders' state income tax as follows, provided the credit institution otherwise complies with section 148.657 :
(1) The credit allowed by this subsection shall be equal to the credit institution tax calculated under chapter 148 based on the computations provided in section 148.150 on a credit institution that makes an election under 26 U.S.C. Section 1362, and such credit shall be allocated to the qualifying shareholder according to stock ownership, determined by multiplying a fraction, where the numerator is the shareholder's stock, and the denominator is the total stock issued by such credit institution;
(2) The tax credit authorized in this subsection shall be permitted only to the shareholders that qualify as S corporation shareholders, provided the stock at all times during the taxable period qualifies as S corporation stock as defined in 26 U.S.C. Section 1361, and such stock is held by the shareholder during the taxable period. The credit created by this section on a yearly basis is available to each qualifying shareholder, including shareholders filing joint returns. A credit institution holding company is not allowed this credit, except that, such credit shall flow through to such credit institution holding company's qualified shareholders, and be allocated to such shareholders under the same conditions; and
(3) In the event such shareholder cannot use all or part of the tax credit in the taxable period of receipt, such shareholder may carry forward such tax credit for a period of the lesser of five years or until used, provided such credits are used as soon as the taxpayer has Missouri taxable income.