§ 28:55 — Judicial hearings

Louisiana § 28:55

• Jurisdiction: Louisiana
• Title 28: Mental Health

Text

§55. Judicial hearings
A. At the appointed time, the court shall conduct a hearing on the petition for judicial
commitment. Before the hearing, the respondent may move for a change of venue to the
parish of his domicile, which motion shall be granted only for compelling reasons. If the
respondent is confined to a hospital, the judge of the court where the petition was filed may
hold the hearing on such commitment at the treatment facility where the person is confined,
if in the opinion of at least one of the physicians appointed by the court to examine him, it
will be detrimental to his health, welfare, or dignity to travel to the court where the petition
was filed.
B. The court shall provide the respondent a reasonable opportunity to select his own
counsel. In the event the respondent does not select counsel and is unable to pay for counsel,
or in the event counsel selected by the respondent refuses to represent the respondent or is
not available for such representation, then the court shall appoint counsel for the respondent
provided by the mental health advocacy service. Reasonable compensation of appointed
counsel shall be established by the court and may be ordered paid by the respondent or the
petitioner in the discretion of the court if either is found financially capable. If it is
determined by the court that the costs shall not be borne by the respondent or the petitioner,
then compensation to the attorney shall be paid from funds appropriated to the judiciary.
C.(1) The respondent shall have the right to privately retain and pay counsel at any
time. However, all respondents must be represented by counsel as early as possible in every
proceeding. If attorneys are available through the Mental Health Advocacy Service, the court
shall contact the Mental Health Advocacy Service and request the assignment of an attorney
who will be appointed. In cases where the Mental Health Advocacy Service is unable to
provide representation, the court shall select and appoint an attorney to represent the
respondent, whose fee shall be set by the court.
(2) An attorney appointed to represent a person by a court pursuant to this Title has
a continuing duty toward that person even after admission. That duty shall include, but not
be limited to, follow-up investigation of the circumstances of the person and representation
in subsequent proceedings relating to admission, status, and discharge. The duty shall
continue until it is terminated by the court making the appointment.
D. On the day appointed, the hearing shall take precedence over all other matters,
except pending cases of the same type, and shall be a closed hearing. The court shall conduct
the hearing in as formal a manner as is possible under the circumstances and shall admit
evidence according to the usual rules of evidence. Witnesses and evidence tending to show
that the person who is the subject of the petition is a proper subject for judicial commitment
shall be presented first. The respondent has a right to be present unless the court finds that
he knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently waives his presence. The respondent or his
counsel shall have the right to present evidence and cross-examine witnesses who may testify
at the hearing. If the department is not the petitioner, the department or its counsel may
present evidence, call witnesses, and cross-examine any witness testifying at the hearing
regarding the placement of the respondent. If the respondent is present at the hearing and is
medicated, the court shall be informed of the medication and its common effects. If the
respondent or his attorney notifies the court not less than three days before the hearing that
he wishes to cross-examine the examining physicians, the court shall order such physicians
to appear in person or by deposition. The court shall cause a recording of the testimony of
the hearing to be made, which shall be transcribed only in the event of an appeal from the
judgment. A copy of such transcript shall be furnished without charge, to any appellant
whom the court finds unable to pay for the same. The cost of the transcript shall be paid
from funds appropriated to the judicial department.
E.(1) If the court finds by clear and convincing evidence that the respondent is
dangerous to self or others or is gravely disabled, as a result of a substance-related or
addictive disorder or mental illness, it shall render a judgment for his commitment. After
considering all relevant circumstances, including clinical recommendations and any
preference of the respondent or his family, the court shall determine whether the respondent
should be committed to a treatment facility which is medically suitable and least restrictive
of the respondent's liberty. However, if the placement determined by the court is unavailable,
the court may commit the respondent to the Louisiana Department of Health for appropriate
placement subject to the availability of department resources until such time as an opening
is available for transfer to the treatment facility determined by the court. If the department
is not the petitioner, the parties shall first consult with the department or its counsel before
entering into a judgment stipulating a commitment of the respondent to the department.
When the judgment results in a commitment of the respondent to the department, either
ordered by the court or through stipulation of the parties, the court shall cause reasonable
notice of the judgment thereof to be delivered to the department.
(2) Following commitment of the respondent to the department, the department shall
consider all of the following in determining the appropriate state treatment facility in which
to place the respondent:
(a) The medical needs of the respondent.
(b) The treatment programs available at each treatment facility.
(c) The facility which would be least restrictive of the respondent's liberty.
(d) The availability of space at the respective treatment facilities.
(e) The preference of the respondent and the proximity of the respondent's family to
the location of the facility.
(3) Unless prohibited by the respondent, the department shall notify the respondent's
family of his placement at or transfer to a state treatment facility.
(4) The director or administrator shall notify the court in writing when a patient has
been discharged or conditionally discharged.
(5) The court order shall order a suitable person to convey the respondent to the
treatment facility and deliver a copy of the judgment and certificates, with the respondent,
to the director or administrator. In appointing a person to execute the order, the court should
give preference to a legal guardian, near relative, or friend of the respondent.
(6) The court may, if it finds it to be in the best interest of the respondent, revoke the
certificate or judgment of commitment.
F. Notice of any action taken by the court shall be given to the respondent and his
attorney as well as to the director or administrator of the designated treatment facility in such
manner as the court concludes would be appropriate under the circumstances.
G. Each court shall keep a record of the cases relating to persons who have a mental
illness coming before it under this Title and the disposition of those cases. It shall also keep
on file the original petition and certificates of physicians required by this Section, or a
microfilm duplicate of such records. All records maintained in the courts under the
provisions of this Section shall be sealed and available only to the respondent or his attorney,
unless the court, after hearing held with notice to the respondent, determines such records
should be disclosed to a petitioner for cause shown.
H. Every patient admitted by judicial commitment shall be informed in writing at the
time of admission of the procedures for requesting release from the treatment facility, the
availability of counsel, information about the mental health advocacy service, the rights
enumerated in R.S. 28:171, and the rules and regulations applicable to or concerning his
conduct while a patient in the treatment facility. If the person is illiterate or does not read
or understand English, appropriate provisions should be made to supply him this information.
In addition a copy of the information listed in this Subsection must be posted in any area
where patients are confined and treated.
I.(1)(a) A patient confined to a treatment facility by judicial commitment may receive
medication and treatment without his consent, but no major surgical procedures or
electroshock therapy may be performed without the written authority of a court of competent
jurisdiction after a hearing. With regard to the administration of medicine, if the patient
objects to being medicated, prior to making a final decision, the treating physician shall make
a reasonable effort to consult with the primary physician or the primary care provider outside
of the facility who has previously treated the patient for his behavioral health condition. The
treating physician shall, prior to the administration of such medication, record in the patient's
file either the date and time of the consultation and a summary of the comments of the
primary physician or primary care provider or, if the treating physician is unable to consult
with the primary physician or primary care provider the date and time that a consultation with
the primary physician or primary care provider was attempted.
(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of Subparagraph (a) of this Paragraph, any
licensed physician may administer medication to a patient without his consent and against
his wishes in situations which, in the reasonable judgment of the physician who is observing
the patient during the emergency, constitutes a psychiatric or behavioral health emergency.
For purposes of this Paragraph, a "psychiatric or behavioral health emergency" occurs when
a patient, as a result of mental illness, a substance-related or addictive disorder, or
intoxication engages in behavior which, in the clinical judgment of the physician, places the
patient or others at significant and imminent risk of damage to life or limb. The emergency
administration of medication may be continued until the emergency subsides, but in no event
shall it exceed forty-eight hours, except on weekends or holidays when it may be extended
for an additional twenty-four hours.
(c) The physician shall make a reasonable effort to consult with the primary
physician or primary care provider outside the facility who has previously treated the patient
for his behavioral health condition at the earliest possible time, but in no event more than
forty-eight hours after the emergency administration of medication has begun, except on
weekends or holidays, when the time period may be extended an additional twenty-four
hours. The physician shall record in the patient's file either the date and time of the
consultation and a summary of the comments of the primary physician or primary care
provider or, if the physician is unable to consult with the primary physician or primary care
provider, the date and time that a consultation with the primary physician or primary care
provider was attempted.
(2) If the director or administrator of the hospital, in consultation with two
physicians, determines that the condition of a committed patient is of such critical nature that
it may be life-threatening unless major surgical procedures or electroshock treatment is
administered, such measures may be performed without the consent otherwise provided for
in this Section.
J. No director or administrator of a treatment facility shall prohibit any person who
has a mental illness or person who is suffering from a substance-related or addictive disorder
from applying for conversion of involuntary or emergency admission status to voluntary
admission status. Any patient on an involuntary admission status shall have the right to
apply for a writ of habeas corpus to have his admission status changed to voluntary status.

Legislative History

Amended by Acts 1954, No. 701, §1; Acts 1972, No. 154, §1; Acts 1977, No. 714, §1; Acts 1978, No. 782, §1, eff. July 17, 1978; Acts 1992, No. 798, §1, eff. July 7, 1992; Acts 1993, No. 427, §1, eff. June 9, 1993; Acts 1993, No. 891, §1, eff. June 23, 1993; Acts 1993, No. 899, §1; Acts 2001, No. 192, §1; Acts 2006, No. 664, §1; Acts 2012, No. 418, §1; Acts 2014, No. 811, §14, eff. June 23, 2014; Acts 2017, No. 369, §2; Acts 2017, No. 370, §1, eff. June 23, 2017; Acts 2019, No. 307, §1, eff. June 11, 2019.