§ 2d — Marketplace facilitators and marketplace sellers

(a) As used in this Section: "Affiliate" means a person that, with respect to another person: (i) has a direct or indirect ownership interest of more than 5 percent in the other person; or (ii) is related to the other person because a third person, or a group of third persons who are affiliated with each other as defined in this subsection, holds a direct or indirect ownership interest of more than 5% in the related person. "Marketplace" means a physical or electronic place, forum, platform, application, or other method by which a marketplace seller sells or offers to sell items. "Marketplace facilitator" means a person who, pursuant to an agreement with an unrelated third-party marketplace seller, directly or indirectly through one or more affiliates facilitates a retail sale by an unrelated third party marketplace seller by: (1) listing or advertising for sale by the marketplace seller in a marketplace, tangible personal property that is subject to tax under this Act; and (2) either directly or indirectly, through agreements or arrangements with third parties, collecting payment from the customer and transmitting that payment to the marketplace seller regardless of whether the marketplace facilitator receives compensation or other consideration in exchange for its services. "Marketplace seller" means a person that sells or offers to sell tangible personal property through a marketplace operated by an unrelated third-party marketplace facilitator. (b) Beginning on January 1, 2020 and through December 31, 2025, a marketplace facilitator who meets either of the following thresholds is considered the retailer for each sale of tangible personal property made through its marketplace: (1) the cumulative gross receipts from sales of tangible personal property to purchasers in Illinois by the marketplace facilitator and by marketplace sellers selling through the marketplace are $100,000 or more; or (2) the marketplace facilitator and marketplace sellers selling through the marketplace cumulatively enter into 200 or more separate transactions for the sale of tangible personal property to purchasers in Illinois. A marketplace facilitator shall determine on a quarterly basis, ending on the last day of March, June, September, and December, whether the marketplace facilitator meets the threshold of either paragraph (1) or (2) of this subsection (b) for the preceding 12-month period. If the marketplace facilitator meets the threshold of either paragraph (1) or (2) for a 12-month period, the marketplace facilitator is considered a retailer maintaining a place of business in this State and is required to collect and remit the tax imposed under this Act and file returns for one year. At the end of that one-year period, the marketplace facilitator shall determine whether the marketplace facilitator met the threshold of either paragraph (1) or (2) during the preceding 12-month period. If the marketplace facilitator met the threshold in either paragraph (1) or (2) for the preceding 12-month period, the marketplace facilitator is considered a retailer maintaining a place of business in this State and is required to collect and remit the tax imposed under this Act and file returns for the subsequent year. If at the end of a one-year period a marketplace facilitator that was required to collect and remit the tax imposed under this Act determines that the marketplace facilitator did not meet the threshold in either paragraph (1) or (2) during the preceding 12-month period, the marketplace facilitator shall subsequently determine on a quarterly basis, ending on the last day of March, June, September, and December, whether the marketplace facilitator meets the threshold of either paragraph (1) or (2) for the preceding 12-month period. (b-5) Beginning on January 1, 2026, a marketplace facilitator whose cumulative gross receipts from sales of tangible personal property to purchasers in Illinois by the marketplace facilitator and by marketplace sellers selling through the marketplace are $100,000 or more is considered the retailer for each sale of tangible personal property made through its marketplace. A marketplace facilitator shall determine on a quarterly basis, ending on the last day of March, June, September, and December, whether the marketplace facilitator meets the threshold in this subsection (b-5) for the preceding 12-month period. If the marketplace facilitator meets the threshold for a 12-month period, the marketplace facilitator is considered a retailer maintaining a place of business in this State and is required to collect and remit the tax imposed under this Act and file returns for one year. At the end of the one-year period, the marketplace facilitator shall determine whether the marketplace facilitator met the threshold during the preceding 12-month period. If the marketplace facilitator met the threshold for the preceding 12-month period, the marketplace facilitator is considered a retailer maintaining a place of business in this State and is required to collect and remit the tax imposed under this Act and file returns for the subsequent year. If at the end of a one-year period a marketplace facilitator that was required to collect and remit the tax imposed under this Act determines that the marketplace facilitator did not meet the threshold during the preceding 12-month period, the marketplace facilitator shall subsequently determine on a quarterly basis, ending on the last day of March, June, September, and December, whether the marketplace facilitator meets the threshold for the preceding 12-month period. (c) Beginning on January 1, 2020 a marketplace facilitator considered to be the retailer pursuant to subsection (b) or (b-5) of this Section is considered the retailer with respect to each sale made through its marketplace and is liable for collecting and remitting the tax under this Act on all such sales. The marketplace facilitator who is considered to be the retailer under subsection (b) or (b-5) for sales made through its marketplace has all the rights and duties, and is required to comply with the same requirements and procedures, as all other retailers maintaining a place of business in this State who are registered or who are required to be registered to collect and remit the tax imposed by this Act with respect to such sales. (d) A marketplace facilitator shall: (1) certify to each marketplace seller that the marketplace facilitator assumes the rights and duties of a retailer under this Act with respect to sales made by the marketplace seller through the marketplace; and (2) collect taxes imposed by this Act as required by Section 3-45 of this Act for sales made through the marketplace. (e) A marketplace seller shall retain books and records for all sales made through a marketplace in accordance with the requirements of Section 11. (f) A marketplace seller shall furnish to the marketplace facilitator information that is necessary for the marketplace facilitator to correctly collect and remit taxes for a retail sale. The information may include a certification that an item being sold is taxable, not taxable, exempt from taxation, or taxable at a specified rate. A marketplace seller shall be held harmless for liability for the tax imposed under this Act when a marketplace facilitator fails to correctly collect and remit tax after having been provided with information by a marketplace seller to correctly collect and remit taxes imposed under this Act. (g) If the marketplace facilitator demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Department that its failure to correctly collect and remit tax on a retail sale resulted from the marketplace facilitator's good faith reliance on incorrect or insufficient information provided by a marketplace seller, it shall be relieved of liability for the tax on that retail sale. In this case, a marketplace seller is liable for any resulting tax due. (h) (Blank). (i) This Section does not affect the tax liability of a purchaser under this Act. (j) (Blank). (k) A marketplace facilitator required to collect taxes imposed under this Section and this Act on retail sales made through its marketplace shall be liable to the Department for such taxes, except when the marketplace facilitator is relieved of the duty to remit such taxes by virtue of having paid to the Department taxes imposed by the Retailers' Occupation Tax Act upon his or her gross receipts from the same transactions. (l) If, for any reason, the Department is prohibited from enforcing the marketplace facilitator's duty under this Act to collect and remit taxes pursuant to this Section, the duty to collect and remit such taxes reverts to the marketplace seller that is a retailer maintaining a place of business in this State pursuant to Section 2. (m) Nothing in this Section affects the obligation of any consumer to remit use tax for any taxable transaction for which a certified service provider acting on behalf of a remote retailer or a marketplace facilitator does not collect and remit the appropriate tax.

Legislative History

(Source: P.A. 104-6, eff. 6-16-25.)