§ 22-3704 — Civil action.

District of Columbia § 22-3704

• Jurisdiction: District of Columbia
• Title 22: Criminal Offenses and Penalties.
• Ch. 37: Bias-Related Crime.

Text

(a) Irrespective of any criminal prosecution or the result of a criminal prosecution, any person who incurs injury to his or her person or property as a result of an intentional act that demonstrates an accused’s prejudice based on the actual or perceived race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age, marital status, personal appearance, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, family responsibilities, homelessness, disability, matriculation, or political affiliation of a victim of the subject designated act shall have a civil cause of action in a court of competent jurisdiction for appropriate relief, which includes:

(1) An injunction;

(2) Actual or nominal damages for economic or non-economic loss, including damages for emotional distress;

(3) Punitive damages in an amount to be determined by a jury or a court sitting without a jury; or

(4) Reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs.

(b) In a civil action pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, whether an intentional act has occurred that demonstrates an accused’s prejudice based on the actual or perceived color, religion, national origin, sex, age, marital status, personal appearance, sexual orientation, family responsibilities, homelessness, disability, matriculation, or political affiliation of a victim of the subject designated act shall be determined by reliable, probative, and substantial evidence.

(c) The parent of a minor shall be liable for any damages that a minor is required to pay under subsection (a) of this section, if any action or omission of the parent or legal guardian contributed to the actions of the minor.

Legislative History

May 8, 1990, D.C. Law 8-121, § 5, 37 DCR 27; Apr. 24, 2007, D.C. Law 16-305, § 37(b), 53 DCR 6198; June 25, 2008, D.C. Law 17-177, § 12(b), 55 DCR 3696; Dec. 10, 2009, D.C. Law 18-88, § 217(b), 56 DCR 7413