§ 45a-438 — (Formerly Sec. 45-274). Distribution to children. Inheritance of child from or through parent.

Connecticut § 45a-438

• Jurisdiction: Connecticut
• Title 45a: Probate Courts and Procedure
• Ch. 802b: Decedents' Estates

Text

(a) After distribution has been made of the intestate estate to the surviving spouse in accordance with section 45a-437,the residue of the real and personal estate shall be distributed equally, according to its value at the time of distribution, among the children, including children born after the death of the decedent, as provided in subsection (a) of section 45a-785, and the legal representatives of any of them who may be dead, except that children or other descendants who receive estate by advancement of the intestate in the intestate's lifetime shall themselves or their representatives have only so much of the estate as will, together with such advancement, make their share equal to what they would have been entitled to receive had no such advancement been made. (b) Except as provided in section 45a-731 , for the purposes of this chapter, a child and the child's legal representatives shall qualify for inheritance from or through the parent if parentage is established in accordance with the provisions of the Connecticut Parentage Act or by adoption. If parentage is based on subdivision (3) of subsection (a) of section 46b-488 or sections 46b-495 to 46b-505 , inclusive, of the Connecticut Parentage Act, parentage shall be established by a voluntary acknowledgment of parentage under sections 46b-476 to 46b-487 , inclusive, of the Connecticut Parentage Act, or by court adjudication. See Sec. 45a-436 re survivor's succession upon death of spouse, election against will and intestate succession.

Legislative History

(1949 Rev., S. 7058; P.A. 78-199, S. 1; P.A. 90-146, S. 11; P.A. 91-109, S. 1; P.A. 95-316, S. 5; P.A. 96-180, S. 159, 166; P.A. 13-301, S. 7; P.A. 14-104, S. 4; P.A. 21-15, S. 103.) History: P.A. 78-199 designated previous provisions as Subsecs. (a) and (b) (1) and added Subsecs. (b)(2) and (c) re children born out of wedlock; P.A. 90-146 made technical revisions in Subsec. (a); Sec. 45-274 transferred to Sec. 45a-438 in 1991; P.A. 91-109 amended Subsec. (b) to permit inheritance by child born out of wedlock from father if paternity is established by the probate court, after death of the father or the child, by clear and convincing evidence that father has acknowledged in writing that he is the father of the child and has openly treated the child as his; P.A. 95-316 replaced former Subsec. (b) re children born before marriage and inheritance by children born out of wedlock with new Subsec. (b) which stated that except as provided in Sec. 45a-731, an individual is the child of his genetic parents regardless of their marital status, and set out when the father of a child born out of wedlock shall be considered a parent, and made technical changes in Subsec. (a) and (c); P.A. 96-180 made technical change in Subsec. (b), effective June 3, 1996; P.A. 13-301 amended Subsec. (a) by adding “including children born after the death of the decedent, as provided in subsection (a) of section 45a-785,”; P.A. 14-104 amended Subsec. (b) to replace provisions re genetic parents and child born out of wedlock with provisions re inheritance of child born out of wedlock and child's legal representatives, deleted former Subsec. (c) re legal representatives, and made technical changes; P.A. 21-15 amended Subsec. (b) by deleting “born out of wedlock” and replacing provisions re inheriting through father if paternity established by written acknowledgment of paternity under Sec. 46b-172 or adjudicated by court of competent jurisdiction under Ch. 815y with provisions re establishing parentage in accordance with the Connecticut Parentage Act or by adoption, effective January 1, 2022. Annotations to former section 45-274: Deed with merely nominal consideration presumed to be advancement. 3 C. 34. Illegitimate child inherits from mother. 5 C. 232. Advancement by unauthorized agent inoperative. 6 C. 311. Gifts are presumed to be advancements. Id., 360, but see 20 C. 326. Advancements are to be brought in and made subject of distribution. 7 C. 5; 64 C. 419. Intent governs as to whether property is gift, advancement, or partly each. 16 C. 388; 20 C. 327. Specific legacies not advancements. 17 C. 545. Gift cannot be subsequently changed to advancement. 23 C. 521. Widow's share in personal estate vests instanter on death of husband. 26 C. 352. Advancement not chargeable against widow's third. 64 C. 419. Cited. 65 C. 89. Section legitimatizes children born before marriage for all purposes. 69 C. 303; 90 C. 168. Cited. 69 C. 625; 72 C. 154; 74 C. 131. Intention determines, between loan and advancement; latter can be converted into former only by consent. 79 C. 365. Illegitimate children may inherit from mother. 88 C. 270. State where land lies determines as to its transmission by inheritance. 178 U.S. 186. “Children” does not include those precluded from inheriting from natural parents by Sec. 45-65. 115 C. 165. “Legal representatives” of a deceased child include his lineal descendants. Id., 242. Former statute cited. Id., 273. Cited. 135 C. 252. Heirs at law who take upon intestacy resulting from the failure of a contingent remainder to vest are to be ascertained as of the date of testatrix' death. 137 C. 192. Cited. Id., 610. Meaning of term “legal representatives” should be determined from the context of the will; here held to be a term of limitation. 147 C. 272. Cited. 149 C. 129; 150 C. 125; 170 C. 212; 174 C. 482. Unconstitutional as applied to the illegitimate children involved as violation of equal protection clause of U.S. and Connecticut Constitutions. 178 C. 181. Cited. 180 C. 114; 194 C. 52; 204 C. 760; 216 C. 523. Cited. 38 CS 91. Neither the execution of a “statement of parentage” nor the affirmation on an income tax return constituted a valid acknowledgment of paternity since they were not made “under oath”. 40 CS 151. Annotations to present section: Cited. 234 C. 51. Subsec. (a): A September 11th Victim Compensation Fund award is payment made directly to plaintiff in express contemplation of the absence of probate court supervision over plaintiff's receipt and use of the award and was not the property of the decedent or the decedent's estate, thus the Probate Court lacked jurisdiction over the award as part of its supervision of the administration of intestate estates under Subsec. 331 C. 385. Cited. 34 CA 579.